Estimation of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions from OMI NO 2 observations using chemistry transport modelling over Europe.
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1 1 Estimation of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions from OMI NO 2 observations using chemistry transport modelling over Europe. R. L. Curier, R. Kranenburg, M. Jozwicka, R. Timmermans, H. Denier van der Gon TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands Theme: Megacities & Climate Change (& how to monitor progress towards objectives )
2 2 major advances and issues in the theme Megacities and climate change CO 2 is the biggest contributor (60+ %) to global warming Global CO2 emissions are continuously growing at a pace of 2-3% per year, reaching a level in 2013 that is 60% above emissions in To avoid dangerous climate change, action is needed it needs to happen in cities
3 3 Cities account for 70% of global GHG emissions 45 Gt CO 2 e / yr 10 Reduction Potential Gt CO 2 / yr Gt CO 2 e / yr 70% World Cities Source IPCC, World Resources Institute, World Bank - slide from KIC-Climate flagship project LoCaL
4 4 major advances and issues in the theme Megacities and climate change CO 2 is the biggest contributor (60+ %) to global warming Global CO2 emissions are continuously growing at a pace of 2-3% per year, reaching a level in 2013 that is 60% above emissions in To avoid dangerous climate change, action is needed it needs to happen in cities Megacities and Air Pollution Outdoor air pollution, mostly by PM2.5, leads to 3.3 million premature deaths per year worldwide (Lelieveld et al., Nature, 2015) Majority of global population lives in cities, action is needed it also needs to happen in cities Common denominator AP & CC : fossil fuel combustion
5 5 What can cities do? About 70% of the pollution originates within the city Poster Timmermans et al. Source attribution of particulate matter in Chinese cities
6 6 This research: Can we quantify and monitor city CO2 emissions using Satellite data? Remote sensing of anthropogenic CO2 is challenging. Anthropogenic CO2 <<< than background no high resolution Space observation yet Combustion processes are important sources for CO 2 and NOx. NO 2 has a short lifetime and can be monitored with the OMI instrument NO 2 is a suitable tracer for recently emitted anthropogenic CO 2.
7 7 Methodology: OMI NO2 column Source apportionment Estimate CO 2 anthropogenic contribution Reported NOx/CO 2 ratio Combine LOTOS-EUROS CTM modelled NO 2 by source sector with monthly mean satellite observations to track and label the origin of NO 2 in the OMI NO 2 columns. Next, combined with NOx/CO2 ratio iby sector to derive co-emitted CO 2 by source type.
8 8 Isolating Hugo Denier van der the Gon anthropogenic contribution Contribution of various source sectors as function of the time of emission to the NO2 column at OMI overpass across North Western Europe. PG: power generation, IC: industrial combustion, RT: road transport, OT: other transports, A: agriculture, O: other sectors.
9 9 Estimate Anthropogenic CO 2 Assessing CO 2 surface concentration per source contribution (25 km domain) PARIS ROTTERDAM c 95 PG = Power Generation IC = Industrial combustion RT = Road transport OT = Other transport q 75 median q 25 c 5
10 10 Summary: A pilot study has been performed to explore the possibility to develop a process which enable us to invert anthropogenic CO 2 contributions from OMI NO 2 imagery over both the Rotterdam and Paris areas. The results are encouraging but remain to be validated. Validation options: - Inverted anthropogenic CO2 contributions will be compared to measurements and direct simulations - Comparison to other attempt to estimate anthropogenic CO 2 contributions. Can this exercise be transported to other part of Europe or the world? Will the technologyspecific ratios hold for other places? - test could be carried out for Istanbul and Beijing First pilot focused on yearly mean but the goal is to assess the CO 2 emission from EO data at a finer time scale i.e. daily
11 11 The rationale: Test in a data rich environment export to a data poor environment Istanbul; an annual layer of ~30 ppm anthropogenic CO2 Istanbul Using CO2 : NOx ratios from TNO- MACC_III Pilot needs further study and validation Sensitive to emission ratio s
12 12 Thank you for you attention Contact: This research was partly funded by the Climate-KIC Project CarboCount ity
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