Water Information Portal Site for More Efficient & Sustainable Water Resources Management

Transcription

1 Water Information Portal Site for More Efficient & Sustainable Water Resources Management May 5, 2010 Tomoyuki OKADA Deputy Director, River Planning Division, River Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 1

2 Difficult-to-control Japanese rivers Japanese rivers are steep. Elevation (m) Jouganji Loire Colorado 1,000 Kiso 800 Japanese river flows fluctuate significantly. Ratio:1/100 1/79 1/35 Maximum flow Yoshino Shinano Rhone Mogami Tone Seine Mekong Nile Mississippi Amazon ,000 1,200 1,400 Distance from mouth (km) Source: Japan s water and dams (Japan Dam Association) Minimum flow Kiso Tone Yodo 1/8 1/4 1/3 Japanese rivers have high flood peaks. Thames Danube Mississippi Chikugo River (1953) Tone River (1947) Tennessee River (1946) Columbia River (1861) Source: (Japanese rivers) Annual Flow Tables and River Data Book (Overseas rivers) Water Resources in Japan 1995 (MLIT) Kishi River (Day) Ordinary Flood (June 20, 2001) 2

3 Unstable water resources Annual precipitation shows downward trend and more fluctuation. Many parts of Japan have been hit by droughts. Annual Precipitation in Japan Annual average Number of Drought Year ( ) 0 1 year 2-3 years 4-7 years 8+ years 100-year trend Year Source: JMA data at 51 observation stations modified by MLIT The colored area shows that municipal water supply was halted or reduced. Source: Water Resources in Japan 2009 (MLIT) 3

4 Climate change impact on water resources Future snowfall is projected to decrease in North Japan. Change in Springtime Rainfall (Average of ) / (Average of ) Chang in Annual Snowfall (Average of ) (Average of ) Future-Present Ratio Future/Present Future/Present < Future/Present < Future/Present < 1.0 Future/Present < 0.8 Converted equivalent rainfall (mm) Source: Global Warming Projection Vol. 6 (JMA) Springtime: March through June Calculated area: 109 first-class river basins Source: Water Resources in Japan 2007 (MLIT) 4

5 Water information portal site Providing Data Rainfall River flow Drought Flood hazard map Water quality River environment Data search Nationwide data collection networks Real time data Free access via the Internet National Land with Water Information References http: //www5. river. go. jp/ 5

6 Real time water information Nationwide real-time meteorological and hydrological data, and their archives Telemetry data collected from 9,000 rainfall and 5,800 river flow gauge stations Access through computers and cell phones 24 hours a day Computer Rainfall Amount Cell Phone Water level Kurihashi Station Tone River As of September 25th 16:10 Rainfall Water Level River Water Level & Flow Volume Total Rainfall Flow Volume Current Water Level: -1.50m Flood Preparation: 2.70m Flood Warning : 5.00m Evacuation : 8.00m Flood Danger : 8.50m Riverbank Design : 9.90m 1 Hour Record Water Level (m) Change 16: : : : : : :

7 Number of access to river information portal Access (million/day) 3.5 The Internet access spikes during natural disasters. 3.0 August 29 Heavy Rain 月末 rainfall 時には260 万 pv/ 日のアクセス Rainfall of 146 mm/hour caused flood near Nagoya City May 20 Typhoon No.4 July 28 Heavy Rain June 21 Heavy Rain September 19 Typhoon No.13 February 21 North Japan Snow Storm Month (Year 2008)

8 Integrated dam management Eight reservoirs in the Upper Tone River Basin supply water to the Tokyo Metropolitan area more than 200 days a year, making 3-day forecasts in consideration of their turnover rates and distances from water intakes. Upper Tone River Basin (8,588 km 2 ) Different turnover rates of dam reservoirs Aimata Fujiwara Yagisawa Naramata x 9 x 9 x 4 x 2 5 Minimum flow m 3 /s Shimokubo Sonohara Kusaki x 2 x 32 x 7 River Dam Riverside Reservoir Dam Catchment Area Annual inflow to reservoir Reservoir volume for water use (million m 3 ) Reservoir turnover rate 8

9 National Census on River Environment Purpose Assessment of chronological changes in river environment by comprehensive and periodical surveys Survey Area All 109 first-class river systems and 97 dam reservoirs administered by the central government GIS-based land cover & habitat map Survey Category Fish, Benthic animal, Plant, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Mammal, Insect, and Zoo/Phyto-plankton (in reservoirs) Survey Record The Census started in1990 and three rounds of 5-year survey were completed. 9

10 Chronological habitat change The habitat boundaries of Indian Fritillary living in tropical and temperate areas are gradually shifting to the north. First-class River Indian Fritillary (Argyreus hyperbius) 1st Round Survey ( ) 2nd Round Survey ( ) 3rd Round Survey ( ) Source: National Census on River Environment (MLIT) 10

11 Minimum in-stream flow Estimation of minimum in-stream flow considers: Habitat conservation Fishery Water quality standard Navigation Others Sweetfish From the point of fish habitat, minimum in-stream flows are calculated based on water depth and flow velocity necessary for index species spawning, migration, etc. Cherry Salmon Month Sweetfish Migration, Inhabit Spawn Cherry Salmon Juvenile fish Migration, Inhabit Spawn Egg Japanese Dace Inhabit Spawn Inhabit Japanese Dace Month Necessary Water Depth Necessary Flow Velocity 15cm 30cm/s 30cm 60cm/s 11

12 Data integration by common platform Existing databases are connected by Common Modeling Platform (CommonMP) for water-material circulation analysis. Databases Hydrological Data Weather Data Topographic Data Socioeconomic Data CommonMP Uniform database interface, Automatic data retrieval Data analysis GIS output 12

13 Efficient data collection and analysis Issues Lack of observation stations and data High cost of data collection System maintenance Analysis Satellite/Ground- Based Rainfall Data Global GIS Data Land Cover, Geology, etc. Data Input Modeling Analysis Output Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) enables flood forecast using freely available data. Output on Google Earth 13