RADIOTRACER MEASUREMENTS TECHNIQUE IN KENYA

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 24 TH 28 TH APRIL, 2017 RADIOTRACER MEASUREMENTS TECHNIQUE IN KENYA KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS Collins Omondi

2 KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS VISION : To be a global leader in standards based solutions that deliver quality and confidence. KEBS MANDATE : Promotion of Standards development Provision of testing and calibration services Quality Assurance Import inspection Certification Pre-Export verification of Conformity to Standards

3 METROLOGY Mandate : 1. To develop and maintain national standards 2. To provide measurement traceability 3. To disseminate the SI unit through calibrations METROLOGY LABORATORIES Mass laboratory Time and Frequency Lab. Industrial measurements Lab. AC/DC Lab. Pressure Lab. Density & Viscosity Temperature Lab. Force Lab. Radiation Dosimetry Lab. Volume Lab IMPORTANCE OF MEASUREMENT 1. Fair trading 2. Consumer protection and confidence 3. Health and safety 4. Environmental monitoring 5. Demonstration of compliance to specifications by manufacturers

4 KEN 6/06 - SECONDARY STANDARD DOSIMETRY LABORATORY (SSDL), X-RAY & Cs-17 CALIBRATION LABORATORY Cs-137 emits gamma rays, 647 GBq Half-life of 30 years OBJECTIVE : 1. To develop radiation dosimetry unit of measurements (Reference). 2. To disseminate radiation dosimetry unit (calibration). Calibration : 1. Radiation protection equipment 2. Diagnostic equipment

5 EQUIPMENT CALIBRATED 5

6 2 RADIOTRACER LABORATORY RAF 8/040 - Radioisotope applications for troubleshooting and optimizing industrial process General Objective: To introduce and implement radiotracer technique for problem solving of industrial challenges Specific objectives: 1 To develop the national capability for application of radiotracer technique through training, expert missions and fellowship 2 To upgrade radiotracer infrastructure / equipment 3 To promote wider use of the radiotracer application for solving industrial problems and to facilitate its use by the industrial end-user 4 To improve human resource capacity to solve industrial and environmental problems for different fields

7 RADIOTRACER CAPACITY BUILDING October March 2012

8 FLOW RIG EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Column with 4 mixers in series Flow meters Scintillation Detector Ion exchange DAS Input Output Flow rig experimental setup for 1. Dead/stagnant volume 2. Bypassing / channelling 3. Mixing 4. Troubleshooting 5. Efficiency 6. Measurement of the residence time distribution (RTD).

9 1 COMPARISON OF FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT USING RADIOTRACER AND WATER METER Water meter Injection point Detector 2 Detector 1 Water flow

10 FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT USING WATER METER Meter size 1/2 Inch Instrument: Water meter. Manufacturer MELBON... S/No 06A Water Meter Measurement Volume ΔV ΔV = V FINAL READING - V INITIAL READING Flow rate = Volume/ time

11 RESULTS FOR THE WATER METER NO METER UNDER TEST READING LITRES (M.U.T) INITIAL FINAL DIFFERENCE IN LITRES STANDARD VOLUME IN LITRES (C.V) TIME SEC IN m 3 /h % ERROR

12 FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT USING RADIOTRACER Method: Peak-to-peak flow rate measurement Procedure : Injecting a pulse tracer and monitoring the passage of tracer at two detection points Average linear velocity u = { Δ x } = { Distance } Δt time Volumetric flow Q = u = a. Δ x a Δt where a = Cross-sectional area 3m Injection Detector 1 Flow meter Detector 2

13 RADIOTRACER MEASUREMENT PROCESS Problem description Radiotracer experiment carried out in a straight pipe that is used for calibration of flow meters at KEBS. Parameters specifications : Pipe length around 3 m and internal diameter 26.7 cm The fluid was water at ambient temperature Pressure 2-3 bar Radiotracer : Gamma-emitting Tc-99m (2 mci) injected by a syringe at a location of the pipe, around 1 m before the first detector, and monitored by two detectors separated by 114.5cm:

14 RADIOTRACER RESULTS

15 EVALUATION OF RESULTS Parameters Classical volumetric technique Radiotracer transit time technique Flow rate, liters/hour Accuracy ± 12.3 %

16 2 KENGEN GEOTHERMAL FIELD, KENYA Kenya leads Africa and 8 th in the world in generation of geothermal power power production We have 4 companies producing a total of 544 MW Kengen company drilled over 250 production wells and over 50 re-injection wells GEOTHERMAL CHALLENGES : Inadequate monitoring Inadequate information Re-injection Over exploitation Utilization of same resource Lack of reliable modelling PROPOSED INTERWELL TRACER TECHNOLOGY 1. To optimize production and re-injection program 2. Provide evidence of interwell connections 3. Identify injection returns 4. Calibrate 2 phase flow meters

17 3 CEMENT PRODUCTION, PORTLAND Kenya cement production is about 5.88 million tones per year 13 cement production companies Opportunity for RTD curve and its model : optimize the performance of the clinker grinding system measure the grinding efficiency measure holdup or dead stock measure re-circulation of the mill obtain information and parameters for diagnosing the dynamics of material in the clinker grinding system

18 CONCLUSION Radiotracer has potential to play an important role for better management of Kenya natural resources, industrial growth and environmental preservation.

19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!