Relevant Energy Sectors in Portugal. Chapter 1

Transcription

1 Relevant Energy Sectors in Portugal Chapter 1

2 THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR IN PORTUGAL

3 STRUCTURE OF THE PORTUGUESE ELECTRICITY SECTOR

4 Clientes HV and em MV AT Clients e MT Cliente LV Clients em BT Central Hydro Hídrica Transmission Rede de Transporte Grid EHV em MAT Redes Distribution de Distribuição Grid em HV AT and e MV MT Rede Distribution de Distribuição Grid LV em BT Central Thermal Térmica MicroGeneration Cogeração Photovoltaic Eólica Wind Mini-hídrica Small-Hydro

5 Source: REN

6 LEGAL FRAMEWORK

7 Production from abroad (Spain) Regular Production Special Production (PRE) National Transmission Grid / Transmission System Operator (TSO) National Distribution Grid / Distribution System Operator (DSO) Bilateral Contracts Electricity Market (MIBEL) E R S E and Liberalized Trader Bilateral Contracts Liberalized Market Clients Last Resort Trader Regulated Market Clients D G E G

8 General principles Production and Trading Market driven Participants must be certified Transmission and Distribution Awarded as a public service concession

9 Production Market Driven Role of the state To ensure market equity and the availability of supply PRO Regular Production Turbogás, Tejo Energia, EDP Produção PRE Special Production EDP Renováveis, Martifer, Catavento, Generg, Enersis (actual Iberwind), EEVM

10 Transmission The public service was granted to REN Transmission System Operator (TSO) technical management of the Portuguese Power System Utilization of the transmission grid regulated tariff

11 Distribution The public service was awarded to EDP Distribuição Distribution System Operator (DSO) management and operation of the Distribution System Utilization of the distribution grid regulated tariff

12 Trading Market driven activity carried by certified entities EDP Comercial, Iberdrola Comercialização de Energia, Endesa Energia, Union Fenosa Comercial Last Resort Trader EDP Serviço Universal Guarantees the deliver of electric energy to the consumers that are not tied to market traders Enforced to buy energy delivered by the PRE Markets and Auctions

13 Regulation and Security Regulation Transmission, Distribution, Last Resort Trading, Market equity ERSE Portuguese Energy Regulatory Authority Security of supply DGEG Directorate-General of Energy

14 SOME STATISTICS PORTUGAL

15 Installed capacity by source (MW), Portugal, 2003 and 2012 Source: REN

16 Installed capacity 5239 MW (28%) Hydro 6696 MW (36%) Thermal 6610 MW (36%) Special Production 18,545 MW Total

17 Electrical energy production by source, Portugal, Source: REN

18 Electrical energy production by source, Portugal, 2012 Source: REN

19 Capability index 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Hydroelectric Capability Index Wind Capability Index 0,

20 Power (kw) Power (kw) Generation curve Capacity factor and utilization factor Time (h) P W h inst a a a 1000 kw 4GWh P P W P inst avg inst a 4000 h E a 8760 P inst 0.46 h a Generation curve Time (h) P W h inst a a 1000 kw 2GWh a P P W P inst avg inst a 2000 h E a 8760 P inst 0.23 h a

21 P (MW) and Ea (GWh) ha (h) Hydro production Pinst (MW) Ea (GWh) ha (h) 0 21

22 SOME STATISTICS IBERIA

23 Iberian electricity mix, 2012

24 MIBEL Iberian Electricity Market Portugal: 49,059 GWh Espanha: 252,192 GWh Total: 301,131 GWh

25 SOME STATISTICS EUROPE (EU-28)

26 European electricity mix (GWh), 2015 Source: Eurostat

27 THE FUTURE POWER SYSTEM

28 Electricity Grid Aged Designed in the 50s, installed in the 60s and 70s, before the era of the microprocessor Centralized Still some manual operations Fragile GOAL Upgrade the grid in Smart way 28

29 Smart Grid Attributes Be able to heal itself Motivate consumers to actively manage electricity usage Resist attack Provide higher quality power Accommodate all generation and storage options Enable distributed electricity markets to flourish More efficient operation Enable intermittent power generation sources

30 Smart Grid: The Energy Internet Electrical Infrastructure A smart grid puts information and communication technology into electricity generation, delivery, and consumption, making systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and efficient. A smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and integrated communications into the current electricity grid. Intelligence Infrastructure

31 How Will Smart Grid Help Environment Improve power generation and distribution system Integration of electric infrastructure and ICT infrastructure More efficient and better management of power infrastructure Increase use of renewable energy sources Alternate energy sources Wind, solar, storage Integration of distributed energy sources into power infrastructure Better management of energy usage Use of smart meters and Demand Response systems to reduce and balance energy usage Enable use of plug-in electrical vehicles more friendly to environment, also as energy storage

32 THE NATURAL GAS SECTOR IN PORTUGAL

33 NG operators In Portugal, NG comes from third countries. One part is received by HP pipelines and the other by sea LNG (liquefied natural gas). REN Gasodutos holds the public service concession for the HP transport of NG. Overall technical management of the NNGTN, to guarantee the continuity and security of supply. Responsibility for proposing developments of the system.

34 NG operators REN Atlântico holds the concession for the reception, storage and regasification of LNG at the Sines LNG terminal REN Armazenagem holds a concession for underground NG storage in Carriço in the municipality of Pombal (center of Portugal).

35 Reception, transport, storage and regasification NG in gaseous form at HP is received from the gas pipeline at the Spanish boarder. NG is transported by HP pipelines connected to the MP pipelines operated by the distribution companies. At the Sines terminal, NG is received in liquid form (LNG) from gas tanker ships and pumped into intermediate storage tanks. After regasification, NG is compressed and injected into the HP network. At the underground storage facilities in Pombal, HP NG is stored in gaseous form in caverns created inside salt formations at depths of over 1000 meters.

36 Source: REN

37 Distribution NG is distributed in MP and LP pipelines under concessions and licenses granted by the Portuguese state. NG from HP NNGTN pipelines is transferred to MP branches through regulation and metering stations. These pipelines and the LP networks branching from them belong to distribution companies that deliver the NG to end users. In electricity, there is only one main distribution company. In NG there are several regional distribution companies.

38 Markets and consumption The NG markets are operated on an openmarket basis and require authorization from the Portuguese state. The NG is sold to end consumers by the suppliers, which buy and sell it freely on the open market or in bilateral contracts. After the opening of the NG market in Portugal, consumers who wish to do so are free to choose their NG supplier.