PEPA CHECKLIST FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE TO ASSESS THE STATUS OF PLANNING/PROGRAMMING OF THE PROJECT PIPELINE

Transcription

1 _ PEPA CHECKLIST FOR WASTE MAAGEMET IFRASTRUCTURE TO ASSESS THE STATUS OF PLAIG/PROGRAMMIG OF THE PROJECT PIPELIE te: The starting pint fr an accessin-driven envirnmental investment prgramme is a systematic analysis f the status f implementing the EU requirements, in rder t identify a lng list f all prjects needed t achieve cmpliance. This checklist is t be used t assess whether a lng list f prjects has been prepared fr the investment-heavy requirements in the waste management sectr. Explicitly investment-heavy requirements in this sectr: SECTOR/DIRECTIVE LIKELY IVESTOR HEAVY IVESTMET OTHER IVESTMET Management Landfill Directive Municipal Incineratin Directives Hazardus Incineratin Directive utilities/cmpanies, industry utilities/cmpanies Industry, waste utilities, hspitals Implicitly investment-heavy requirements: Municipal waste landfill sites Hazardus waste landfill sites Clsure f ld landfills Municipal waste incineratrs Hazardus waste incineratrs cllectin/transprt Water/grundwater mn. cllectin/transprt Air quality mnitring cllectin/transprt Air quality mnitring SECTOR/DIRECTIVE LIKELY IVESTOR HEAVY IVESTMET OTHER IVESTMET Management Framewrk Directive Hazardus Directive Sewage Sludge Directive utilities/cmpanies waste transprters utilities/cmpanies, industry Municipalities, water utilities/cmpanies OVERVIEW OF THE REQUIREMETS cllectin/transprt Integrated waste dispsal system (incineratrs, landfills) Hazardus waste landfills Hazardus waste incineratrs Landfills fr sewage sludge that cannt be used n ag land cllectin/transprt Air quality mnitring Water/grundwater mn. cllectin/transprt Air quality mnitring Water/grundwater mn. Labratries fr testing sewage sludge _ The PEPA Team 1

2 _ The Landfill Directive sets minimum technical standards fr the landfill f waste, including requirements as regards lcatin, cnditining, management, cntrl and clsure. It als sets requirements cncerning preventive and prtective measures t be taken t guard against any threat t the envirnment in the shrt as well as in the lng term, in particular t prtect against pllutin f grundwater frm leachate. The Directive requires measures t reduce prductin f methane gas frm landfills, including reductins in the ttal quantity f bidegradable municipal waste sent t landfills (a reductin f 1995 levels t 75% by weight by 2006, t 50% by 2009, and t 35% by 2016). Methane frm bth new and existing landfills will need t be cllected and used, r flared ff. Standard prcedures are als set fr the acceptance f waste fr landfill, and fr landfill management. Prices fr landfill dispsal are t include the csts f clsure and at least 30 years f aftercare. Investment implicatins: The deadline fr Member States t upgrade existing landfills s as t cmply with the Directive's technical requirements is Clsure f ld landfills will als need t meet minimum technical requirements, including mnitring and aftercare. In sme cases, cmpliance will require the cperatin f lcal and reginal gvernments in the cnstructin and peratin f reginal landfills serving a large enugh ppulatin t cver investment csts. Public sectr initiative may als be needed t ensure that adequate landfill is cnstructed fr the safe dispsal f hazardus waste, including apprpriate pre-treatment prcesses. In sme cases, the respnsibility fr develpment and financing f the sites will rest with private cntractrs. The Municipal Incineratin Directive (89/369/EEC) defines emissin limit values (ELVs) and ther technical requirements fr all municipal waste incineratin facilities receiving perating permits with effect frm 1 December The applicable ELV levels fr dust, heavy metals, hydrchlric acid, hydrfluric acid and sulphur dixide depend n the nminal capacity f the plant. Cncentratin limits fr carbn mnxide and rganic cmpunds in cmbustin gases are als defined. Sampling and measurement standards and prcedures are specified, as well as back-up safety and public infrmatin requirements. The Hazardus Incineratin Directive (94/67/EEC) sets frth detailed cnditins fr perating hazardus waste incineratin plants, including minimum perating temperatures and ELVs fr carbn mnxide, dust, heavy metals, ttal rganic carbn, and ther pllutants in exhaust gases. Technical requirements include autmatic burners t maintain temperatures, and equipment t prevent hazardus waste feed when temperatures fall belw the required minimum. Befre accepting waste fr incineratin, plants must have infrmatin cncerning its cmpsitin, etc., and must sample fr quality cntrl. The Directive permits c-incineratin f hazardus waste in plants nt primarily intended fr hazardus waste incineratin, i.e. in cement kilns, under certain specified cnditins. Investment implicatins: All pending prjects t cnstruct new incineratin plants shuld be designed in accrdance with the relevant EU standards. Existing municipal and hazardus waste incineratin plants will need t be upgraded if they d nt meet the EU requirements. Many cuntries may have a large number f small hazardus waste incineratrs, such as hspital incineratrs fr medical waste and n-site incineratrs at industrial plants, which fr technical r ecnmic reasns will nt be able t be upgraded. _ The PEPA Team 2

3 _ te: The prpsed Incineratin Directive (nw at the Cmmn Psitin stage in the EU legislative prcess) will sn replace the Municipal Incineratin and Hazardus Incineratin Directives. The Framewrk Directive (75/439/EEC, as amended by 91/156/EEC) requires Member States t take the necessary measures t ensure that waste is recvered r dispsed f withut endangering human health and withut using prcesses r methds, which culd harm the envirnment.... T meet this general requirement, Member States are bliged t prhibit the uncntrlled dispsal f waste, t develp waste management plans, and t establish an integrated and adequate netwrk f dispsal installatins. The Framewrk Directive includes requirements fr recrd keeping (by thse cllecting, transprting and dispsing f waste), fr registratin systems (cllectrs and transprters), and fr the licensing f dispsers. The Hazardus Dire ctive (91/689/EEC) sets in place additinal, mre stringent rules t take accunt f the special nature f hazardus waste (HW). A cradle -t-grave recrd keeping system is required - frm the pint f the HW generatin up t its final dispsal, and including any intermediate transfers. Plans fr HW management must be drawn up and made available t the public. Investment implicatins: The tw waste management framewrk directives cmplement the EU requirements cvering dispsal facilities in that they set in place verarching standards fr safe waste cllectin, management, recvery and recycling. In rder t meet these framewrk requirements, the Accessin Cuntries will need t ensure that cmprehensive waste management systems are in place at lcal, reginal and natinal level. Thus t ensure safe management and dispsal f waste, the gvernments f the Accessin Cuntries may need t invest (r secure investment by private cntractrs) in additinal infrastructure -- including waste cllectin and transprt systems, waste hlding statins, recycling infrastructure fr specialized waste streams, etc. The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC) sets cntrls ver the use f sewage sludge in agriculture. It establishes maximum limit values fr cncentratins f heavy metals (cadmium, cpper, nickel, lead, zinc and mercury) in sil and in sludge fr use in agriculture, as well as maximum quantities f heavy metals which may be added annually t agricultural land. The Directive requires analysis f sludge and the sil n which it is used, accrding t specified prcedures fr sampling and analysis. Investment implicatins: The Accessin Cuntries will need t plan hw t dispse f the increased quantities f sewage sludge that will result frm implementa tin f the Urban Water Treatment Directive. Sewage sludge that exceeds the maximum limit values cannt be used n agricultural land, and in sme cases there may nt be sufficient agricultural lands available. Alternatives will therefre need t be prvided, althugh landfilling (the traditinal alternative) will be less available as a result f the phasing ut f bidegradable wastes in cmpliance with the Landfill Directive. Other ptins include incineratin and prcessing int fuels. REGIOAL COSIDERATIOS _ The PEPA Team 3

4 _ A number f Accessin Cuntries are Parties t reginal r internatinal cnventins setting bligatins relevant t the waste management acquis. In sme cases, prjects t implement internatinal bligatins may have been identified and/r prepared t clean up particular ht spt surces f cntaminatin. These prject pipelines shuld als be assessed as part f the verall prject pipeline characterisatin task. The cnventin mst relevant t the waste management sectr is the 1989 Cnventin n the Cntrl f Transbundary Mvements f Hazardus and their Dispsal (Basel Cnventin). The EU Management Strategy sets frth the principle f self-sufficiency in waste management at Cmmunity and if pssible at natinal level. This shuld nt hwever prejudice the Prximity Principle (waste shuld be dispsed f as clse as practicable t where it is prduced which may be in a different cuntry r regin). In this regard, there may be pprtunities fr reginal cperatin n waste management infrastructure, fr example fr recycling r fr dealing with specialised waste streams that nly arise in limited quantities in individual cuntries r regins. WASTE MAAGEMET PROJECT PIPELIE ASSESSMET QUESTIOS SECTORAL OVERVIEW Has a cmprehensive assessment f the status f cmpliance been carried ut fr the EU requirements fr each Directive in the waste management sectr? Have the Directive-specific assessments been used t cmpile a lng list f prjects needed t achieve cmpliance with the EU requirements fr this sectr? What, if any, are the legislative and/r administrative blckages t develpment f a lng list f investment prjects needed t cmply with EU requirements fr this sectr? E.g., framewrk legislatin nt yet adpted, allcatin f cmpetencies between central and lcal gvernments nt yet clarified, etc. WASTE FRAMEWORK (75/442/EEC, AS AMEDED) AD HAZARDOUS WASTE (91/689/EEC) Has an assessment been made f the existing dispsal installatins t determine what additinal infrastructure is needed t establish an integrated and adequate netwrk f dispsal installatins in accrdance with Article 5? Has an assessment f existing hazardus waste dispsal installatins been carried ut t establish what further infrastructure is needed? Has a natinal waste management plan based n reginal waste management planning _ The PEPA Team 4

5 _ been drawn up? Des it identify additinal investments needed in rder t - implement general technical requirements fr safe waste management - handle and dispse f particular wastes such as packaging waste and end-f-life batteries Has respnsibility fr ensuring that particular waste management activities are carried ut been allcated? E.g., have municipalities been infrmed f their respnsibility t cmply with EU requirements in the management f municipal slid waste, including landfill requirements? LADFILL (1999/31/EC) Has an analysis been carried ut t determine which existing landfills d nt cmply with the requirements f the Directive and will need t upgraded t meet EU requirements? will need t be clsed ver time? Has it been determined hw many new landfills will need t be cnstructed t meet EU requirements? Has it been determined hw the Landfill Directive s requirements fr the reductin f bidegradable waste sent fr landfill will be achieved? If s, what new investments will be needed t achieve targets fr recycling? Cmpsting? bigas prductin? materials/energy recvery? Has a cmprehensive plan fr meeting the Directive s requirements been prepared, including cnstructin f new landfills and clsure f ld landfills? If yes, des this plan include: List f investment prjects needed (quantified when pssible) Estimates f the verall cst f meeting EU requirements fr this Directive Estimates f the cst f individual infrastructure investments Timing f implementatin Authrities respnsible fr necessary investments in infrastructure Financing schemes (natinal as well as prject-specific) MUICIPAL WASTE ICIERATIO Has an assessment been carried ut t determine hw many existing municipal waste incineratrs need investment in pllutin cntrl measures t cmply with the requirements f the Directive? _ The PEPA Team 5

6 _ Are any new municipal waste incineratin plants planned in rder t meet the EU requirements fr safe waste dispsal r fr the materials recvery requirements f the Packaging Directive? Has a cmprehensive list f all prjects t cnstruct new municipal waste incineratrs and t upgrade existing municipal waste incineratrs been develped? Have cst estimates and financing schemes been develped fr these prjects? HAZARDOUS WASTE ICIERATIO Has an assessment been carried ut t determine hw many existing HW incineratrs need investment in pllutin cntrl measures t cmply with EU requirements, including fr discharges f waste water and dispsal f residues? Are additinal HW incineratrs needed t cmplete the natinal netwrk f installatins fr safe dispsal f HW? Has a cmprehensive list f all prjects t cnstruct new HW incineratrs and t upgrade existing HW incineratrs been develped? Have cst estimates and financing schemes been develped fr these prjects? SEWAGE SLUDGE Is labratry capacity sufficient fr testing f sludge and sil quality t ensure safe dispsal f sludge t sil? If nt, have the investment requirements fr building sufficient labratry capacity been identified? Is suffic ient land surface available fr the spreading f sewage sludge directly t sil? If nt, is capacity (municipal and/r HW landfills r incineratrs) sufficient fr dispsal f sludge that cannt be safely dispsed t sil? If nt, has a cmprehensive and priritized list f investment prjects t ensure adequate facilities fr safe dispsal f sewage sludge been develped? REGIOAL COSIDERATIOS Have any prjects been identified in the cntext f implementing the Basel Cnventin? If s, please describe. _ The PEPA Team 6

7 _ Have any prjects been identified that will entail reginal (crssbrder) cperatin in waste management? If s, please describe. OVERALL ASSESSMET On a scale f 1 (minimal) t 5 (cmprehensive), hw cmprehensive is the planning and prgramming f investments t meet the EU requirements in this sectr? Which f the abve Directives need mre attentin in rder t ensure a cmprehensive pipeline f investment prjects fr this sectr? Please list. _ The PEPA Team 7