Margaret Round, MDPH/BEH, Ben Wood, MDPH/BECHAP, Catherine Ratte, PVPC

Transcription

1 Margaret Rund, MDPH/BEH, Ben Wd, MDPH/BECHAP, Catherine Ratte, PVPC

2 CDC Cperative Agreement funding Health Impact Assessment (HIA) initiatives DPH s wrk in cnducting HIAs n a variety f tpics First mandated transprtatin-related HIA, the built envirnment, redevelpment f vacant lts, neighbrhd revitalizatin, schl buildings, transit-riented develpment and brad cnnectins between health and cmmunity develpment activities Stakehlders Springfield Williamsburg Pineer Valley Planning Cmmissin (PVPC)

3 DPH received funding frm CDC t cnduct Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) DPH climate change capacity survey determined that many cmmunities had variable levels f capacity t address increased frequency and severity f predicted impacts; Regins 1 and 2 recently experienced extreme weather events, change in the distributin f vectr-brne risks; significant advances in climate actin planning by PVPC, and interest in cnducting an HIA in western MA HIA bjectives were t: cnvene municipal stakehlders frm tw cmmunities t select tw climate actin strategies t evaluate in the pilt HIA; qualitatively assess health implicatins f tw climate actin strategies selected by stakehlders; and recmmend tls, innvative methds, and appraches t cnduct cmprehensive HIAs t mre fully explre health impacts and benefits f adaptatin strategies.

4 Health status is determined by: Genetics: 20 30% Health care: 10% Scial, envirnmental cnditins, and behavir: 60 70% J Health Affairs, 2002

5 Hw des the prpsed prject, plan, plicy affect lead t health utcmes

6 A cmbinatin f prcedures, methds and tls that systematically judges the ptential, and smetimes unintended, effects f a plicy, plan, prgram r prject n the health f a ppulatin and the distributin f thse effects within the ppulatin. HIA identifies apprpriate actins t manage thse effects. Internatinal Assciatin fr Impact Assessment, 2006

7 Screening Determines the need and value f a HIA Scping Determines which health impacts t evaluate, methds fr analysis and a wrk plan Assessment Prvides (1) describes baseline health cnditins and (2) predicts ptential health impacts Recmmendatins Prvides strategies t manage identified adverse health impacts 7 Reprting and Mnitring Tracks the impact n decisin-making prcesses and the decisin and the impacts f the decisin n health determinants

8 Is there a decisin-making pint related t climate actin apprpriate fr a HIA? Yes! PVPC s Pineer Valley Climate Actin and Clean Energy Plan (updated in 2013) 29 Strategies (49 Supprting Actins) Many fcused n municipal actins

9 Specific Generalizable Analyze the cnnectin between climate change planning and health Prvide an apprach fr analyzing the cnnectin between climate change planning and health in bth rural and urban settings Pilt an HIA t infrm decisins relating t climate change mitigatin and adaptatin strategies in Williamsburg and Springfield

10 Bth Springfield and Williamsburg cmmunities participate in MDPH Mass in Mtin prgram and are designated Green Cmmunities Cnvened stakehlder prcess Tw strategies frm the PVPC Climate Actin Plan were selected by stakehlders frm Springfield and Williamsburg : 1. Retrfitting municipal buildings fr energy efficiency 2. Lcatin and peratin f cling centers

11 Energy Efficiency: The assessment f the health c-benefits f energy efficiency prgrams is an emerging field f study Air pllutants and greenhuse gases are released by the same prcesses (fssil fuel cmbustin, transprtatin, agriculture, and industrial prcesses) s that by mitigating greenhuse gas emissins, levels f air pllutin may als be reduced, leading t health c-benefits Indr air quality may be imprved by effrts t imprve energy efficiency. Imprved ventilatin and effrts t maintain building HVAC systems fr energy efficiency have been shwn t imprve the health f building ccupants, leading t lwer rates f wrker absenteeism and higher prductivity. Hwever, pr ventilatin may result in increases in indr air pllutants (e.g., radn, air pllutin frm indr surces). Sme trade-ffs exist between reducing health-damaging air pllutants and reducing greenhuse gases Fuel switching t less plluting fuels (e.g. frm heating il t natural gas) reduces emissins frm energy use but ther aspects related t life cycle f fssil fuel prductin need als t be cnsidered

12

13 Cling centers: Extreme heat events, r heat waves, are the mst cmmn cause f weather-related deaths in the United States. They cause mre deaths each year than hurricanes, lightning, trnades, flds, and earthquakes cmbined. Since 1970, average annual temperatures have steadily increased by 2 F in Massachusetts and winter temperatures have increased 5.2 F ver the past fur decades Climate change mdels have predicted that the increasing trend will cntinue with mre frequent extreme summer heat. Heat waves are predicted t increase in bth the frequency and duratin and will ccur earlier in the seasn Factrs that may increase the vulnerability t heat are per-existing disease (diabetes), demgraphic (elderly), sci-ecnmic (pr), and built envirnment factrs (urban heat islands). Heat-related death r illnesses are preventable Planning fr heat waves can be an effective way t reduce heat-related impacts including develp a heat respnse plan and crdinate with partners t implement the plan, cmmunicate advice n tips n hw t stay cl during a heat wave, establish cling centers near vulnerable ppulatins, and imprve husing and urban planning

14 Categry Retrfitting municipal buildings fr energy efficiency Research questins D the energy efficiency measures implemented in Springfield and Williamsburg as part f their Green Cmmunity certificatin have health impacts/benefits? Hw d these health determinants affect health utcmes such as lung cancer, cardivascular disease, lung disease, and asthma? Hw can municipalities apply savings frm energy efficiency prgrams t imprve lcal health? Are residents mre likely t fllw suit with energy efficiency imprvements if the twn leads by example? Can effrts t achieve greater energy efficiency in the cmmunity impact lcal and reginal air quality? Lcatin and peratin f cling centers t address increases in frequency, intensity and duratin f heat waves Hw des lcal planning f cling centers affect, and hw is it affected by, these health determinants? Hw d these health determinants affect health utcmes, especially during heat waves? Hw can Springfield and Williamsburg imprve planning fr cling centers t imprve health utcmes, especially fr vulnerable ppulatins?

15

16 Municipal level activities ESCO wrk Green Cmmunities certificatin (includes 20% reductin in municipal energy use+) Energy/Sustainability/Green cmmittees Extreme Heat Planning/Plicy Reginal Activities Pineer Valley Climate Actin Plan & cllabrative implementatin Statewide mandates and prgram gals: GWSA: GHG emissin targets and adaptatin planning Green Cmmunities Act (Designatin and Grant Prgram) Lw Emissin Vehicle Prgram Cmpliance with NAAQS by energy sectr Statewide climate preparedness initiatives fcused n infrastructure Leading by Example Natinal/Internatinal Natinal climate plan Internatinal plan t reduce GHGs

17 Part f the 2008 Green Cmmunities Act included creatin f the Green Cmmunities Prgram An ptinal certificatin fr MA Municipalities Achieve 5 requirements including cmmitting t 20% reductins in municipal energy use ver 5 years Receive a min f $125,000 frm state (Springfield received $1,000,000) with additinal cmpetitive funding available Sample f Municipal level activities Equipment upgrades and Replacement Imprvements t Building Envelpe Lighting retrfits Energy Management Systems

18 1. Biler Replacements 2. Energy Management System Installatins 3. Lighting and Sensr Retrfits 4. Pl Cver Installatins 5. Mtr and Drive Upgrades 6. Radiatr Cntrl Valve Installatins

19 BEFORE AFTER 19

20 BEFORE Old pneumatic systems Air leaks, disabled equipment Little r n cntrl f heating systems AFTER Electric / Pneumatic system cntrls Remte access t mnitr classrm temperatures and HVAC equipment in real-time 20

21 BEFORE Pr lighting cnditins Inefficient fixtures wasted energy Lights wuld be left n when building was empty AFTER Imprved lighting envirnment fr building ccupants Imprved fixture efficiency and added ccupancy sensrs will prvide energy savings Reduced maintenance cst with extended lifetime f new lamps 21

22

23

24 1. Predicted Change in Expsure T Heat: Histrical and predicted climate mdeling data f the prjected number f extreme heat days (98 th percentile) in Hamden and Hampshire cunties f Massachusetts. Surce f Data: Climate change data cnsisting f mdeled temperature data f Daily Dwnscaled Climate Prjectins by federal gvernment 2. Identificatin f Vulnerable Ppulatins in Each Cmmunity: Certain ppulatins are mre susceptible t increased temperature and may require additinal assistance during extreme heat events. EPHT identified the fllwing measures: Age-adjusted estimates f the percentage f adults 20 years with diagnsed diabetes, 2008 All heart disease hspitalizatin rates amng Medicare beneficiaries 65 years, Percent f ppulatin belw the pverty line Percent f ppulatin f a race ther than white Percent f ppulatin aged 65 years and ver living alne in a nn-family husehld Percent f ppulatin 5 years with a disability Surce f Data: MDPH/BEH, EPHT and MassGIS

25 3. Change in Lcal Planning Prcess t Address Heat: Evaluate existing plans in place t address heat: PVPC cnducted interviews with apprpriate staff frm each cmmunity. This will als include alternative appraches t cling shelters fr peple t reduce heat impacts at hme. 4. Other: Change in public safety and crime Change in Physical Activity

26 Identified and Assembled Data fr: Baseline Health data frm DPH: Hspitalizatin ED Visits and Discharge Data Asthma (All Ages, 14 years and yunger) Hypertensin Crnary Heart Disease Strke Mental Health Cancer (SIR) Envirnmental Data Air Quality Assessment f Energy Efficiency and Cling Centers and Health Prjected energy savings frm Green Cmmunities prgram Survey f activities t address need fr cling centers and mapping f vulnerable ppulatins, lcatin f cling centers,

27 y EOEEA Demgraphic cmmunities participate in MDPH Mass in Mtin prgram Characteristics and are designated (1) a Green Cmmunities by EOEEA Statistic Springfield Williamsburg Massachusetts Ppulatin Ttal 153,278 2,631 6,560,595 Race Percent White 51.5 Percent Black r African 21.6 American Percent Hispanic r 39.5 Latin (f any race) Incme Median husehld 35,163 58,636 66,658 incme Per capita persnal incme 18,016 35,529 35,485

28 y EOEEA cmmunities participate in MDPH Mass in Mtin prgram and are designated a Green Cmmunities by EOEEA

29 Baseline energy use and prjected savings frm Williamsburg's 20% Energy Reductin Plan (2013) MMBtu used in baseline year (2011) % f ttal MMBtu baseline energy cnsumptin Prjected planned MMBtu savings Savings as % f MMBtu baseline energy cnsumptin Buildings Vehicles Street/Traffic Lights Water/Sewer/Pu mping Open Space Ttal 7422 MMBtu 100% 791 MMBtu 15% Electricity Kilwatt hurs 16,226 Number f MA hmes this culd pwer by electricity 2 Equivalent cars ff the rad 1 Heating Oil Gallns 6, Number f MA hmes this culd heat by il 8 Equivalent cars ff the rad 15 Electricity, Natural Gas, Heating Oil Ttal Energy (MMBtu) 1, Number f MA hmes pwered AND heated 8

30 Prjected savings frm Springfield's 20% Energy Reductin Plan (2011) Cmpleted Wrk 54,603.1 MMBTu Wrk In Prgress 3,243.2 Future Wrk 38,003.7 Street Lights 5,050.1 Gasline Reductin TOTAL Prjected Savings 101,646.0 Ttal usage baseline FY07 470,587.5 TOTAL % REDUCTION 21.6% Electricity Kilwatt hurs 3,575,916 Number f MA hmes this culd pwer by electricity 471 Equivalent cars ff the rad 269 Natural Gas Therms Number f MA hmes this culd heat by natural gas 293 Equivalent cars ff the rad 310 Heating Oil Gallns 2, Number f MA hmes this culd heat by il 3 Equivalent cars ff the rad 6 Electricity, Natural Gas, Heating Oil Ttal Energy (MMBtu) 258, Number f MA hmes pwered AND heated 2,000

31 Springfield Fuel Type FY2007 FY2013 Lcatin Gallns Gallns Heating Fuel Oil Schl Buildings Heating Fuel Oil Municipal Buildings Heating Fuel Oil Ttals PM2.5 PM10 CO NOX Schl Buildings Municipal Buildings Ttal (lbs)

32 Williamsburg FY2009 FY2013 Fuel Type Lcatin Gallns Gallns Heating Fuel Oil Schl Buildings 19, ,690.0 Heating Fuel Oil Municipal Buildings 14, ,197.0 Heating Fuel Oil Ttals 34, ,887.0 Schl Buildings Municipal Buildings Ttal (lbs) PM PM CO NOX

33 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Impact Health Outcme Limitatins / Impact Magnitude Severity Strength f Causal Evidence Uncertainties Change in lcal and reginal expsure t utdr air pllutin Respiratry illness and symptms Respiratry and cardivascular diseases Change in premature mrtality Change in lung cancer Restricted activity days and wrk lss days Change in mental health Change in cmmunity health measures - Majr High - Majr High - Majr High - Majr High - Majr High - Majr High - Majr High Assumptins: Reductin in lcal surces f emissins frm municipal buildings (e.g., fuel switching, mre efficient HVAC) Reductins in indr air pllutants frm imprved indr air quality (e.g., mld, radn) Refcus resurces t ther cmmunity health needs

34

35

36 Recmmendatins: Preliminary: Publicize the cnnectin between public health and energy efficiency strategies in climate actin planning and implementatin Expand assistance t targeted municipalities t plan fr cling centers Supprt municipal and reginal climate actin and planning Wrk with stakehlders t finalize recmmendatins Reprting: The reprt will be distributed t twn fficials and stakehlders in Springfield and Williamsburg. The results will als be reprted n the PVPC and the MDPH websites. Mnitring: The effect f this HIA n decisin-making in Springfield and Williamsburg will be mnitred. The effect f the decisins taken in each cmmunity n lcal and reginal health will be studied t test the accuracy f the predictins in the HIA.