von Ralph Hohenschurz-Schmidt

Transcription

1 The value of biowaste - 25 years of practical experience with the collection and recycling of biowaste in Germany von Ralph Hohenschurz-Schmidt Middelfart,

2 The district of

3 Storage halls with solar panels Paper sorting facility Composting BTP Anaerobic digestion Administration Our premises: Recycling Centre Borgstedt AWR at a glance

4 Rendsburg Eckernförde Separate collection of biowaste in Germany startet in mid 80s Reasons: avoiding of landfill problems; production of compost

5 Organic waste collected from private households in Germany Mio. t of organic waste (102 kg/capita) 4.5 Mio. t bio waste (bio bin) 4.5 Mio. t garden waste 14 Mio. t residual waste from private households (160kg/capaita) 4 to 5 Mio. t organic waste remain (estimation)

6 Area-wide organic waste collection from private households in the district of t bio waste (55 kg/per capita) t garden waste 2012 > t bio waste (110 kg/per capita) t garden waste

7 Household system for biowaste collecting

8 Separate collection of biowaste Abfallwirtschaft Participation obligatory but no control Collection interval fortnightly Premises connected to system < 50 %

9 Why Anaerobic Digestion? Recycling of municipal organic waste Technical composting requires energy for - ventilation - cooling - waste gas cleening - mixing of compost heaps Climate protection: Technical composting still needs energy - but anaerobic digestion results in a surplus of energy Anaerobic Digestion of biowaste signifies generation of renewable energy and climate protection

10 Rendsburg Eckernförde Biogas potential - Energy crops and further biomass - material biogas potential methan content liquid manure (cattle) m³/t FM 60 % whey 35 m³/t FM* corn stillage 40 m³/t FM* 61 % biowaste m³/t FM 61 % garden waste m³/t FM 54 % maize silage m³/t FM 52 % flotation fat 400 m³/t FM* rey whole plants silage 160 m³/t FM* 52 % FM = wet matter; 1 m 3 = 1000 litre

11 Energy from the Bio Bin Connection power of data projector 260 W + Laptop 120 W + Light 620 W = Energy intake approx. 1.0 kw/h Energy content of one bio bin (60 kg) = 36 kwh x 0.4 (power efficiency) ---> allows about 14.5 h lecturing Anaerobic Digestion of biowaste signifies generation of renewable energy and climate protection

12 Rendsburg Eckernförde Selection of technology Problematic substances in biowaste: impurities, sand!

13 Rendsburg Eckernförde Selection of technology Conclusions for AWR: - no preprocessing of the input material - keep the machinery simple - but the devil is in the detail - use of standard machinery (e.g. construction machinery) no cofermentation in agricultural plants because of technical and financial aspects (might be reasonable in digesters of sewage plants) Chosen technology: - discontinously runed dry fermentation (batch technology)

14 Facility Borgstedt 10 boxes for fermentation and 7 boxes for composting

15 Biological treatment Plant Borgstedt (BEKON)

16 The plant Abfallwirtschaft Rendsburg Eckernförde compost produced: Mg/a

17 The result 5 Mio kwh/a electricity > 6 Mio kwh/a heat t/a quality compost

18 Production of energy in two CHPs electricity and local heat for office buildings and production halls

19 Use of compost in agriculture Abfallwirtschaft

20 We do have impurities Above all plastic bags (< 1 % weight)

21 We do have impurities Total amount of screening residues incl. stones and organic fibres (6 % weight)

22 Household Abfallwirtschaft Waste becomes energy & compost Biowaste, Plant residues Collecting in biowaste bin Utilisation of biowaste at a look Electricity Emptying the biowaste bin. Deliver the biowaste to a recycling yard. Usage of compost in the own garden Compost Warmth Composting the residues of the biomass Biogasanlage Production of biogas for generating electricity and heat

23 Rendsburg Eckernförde Landkreis - Organik im Hausmüll (Gew.-%) - in Gebieten ohne Biotonne übrige Abfälle 50,1 Gew.-% Organik > 40 mm 33,5 Gew.-% Landkreis - Organik im Hausmüll (Gew.-%) - in Gebieten mit Biotonne Organik 8-40 mm 10,3 Gew.-% Organik < 8 mm 6,1 Gew.-% übrige Abfälle 58,1 Gew.-% Organik > 40 mm 29,6 Gew.-% Organik 8-40 mm 8,6 Gew.-% Organik < 8 mm 3,7 Gew.-%

24 Life cycle assessment Comparision between waste incineration and high-quality biological treatment conflicting opinions results depending on system boundaries no finalized discussion and no ultimate opinion but Only biological treatment of biowaste preserves phosporous and longtime carbon storage in soils is possible!