Transformation of a Small Livestock, Rural Community into a Green, Nearly Zero CO 2 Emissions Settlement

Transcription

1 Transformation of a Small Livestock, Rural Community into a Green, Nearly Zero CO 2 Emissions Settlement DIMOUDI A. 1, STATHIS V., PALLAS CH. 2 1 DEMOCRITUS UNIVERSITY OF THRACE, DEP. OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENG., GREECE 2 SERRES MUNICIPALITY, SERRES, GREECE

2 Description of settlement: Ellaionas, Serres Small mountainous (elevation of 450 m) community of 375 inhabitants (2012) in North Greece 112 residential buildings, 4 public buildings Economic activities: mainly Livestock & Agricultural 3 small units in the secondary sector (olive mill, cheese producer from sheep and goat milk, poultry processing unit) Limited tourist activities (one day visitors) to the village s restaurants (4)

3 Description of settlement: Ellaionas, Serres 92 private cars, 31 vans, (2,784 km/year), effluent truck (1,872 Km/year) Annual consumption of water 50,000, Q max =8 m 3 /hr, Q min = 5 m 3 /hr, 1 water deposit with capacity of 60 8 m 3, Solid waste total 164 tn/year, 438 kg/habitant-year, Sewage waste 21,608 m 3 collected to open water basin on a local running water cavity

4 Targets of Intervention Improve energy efficiency in the community Reform the community to neutral community with regard CO 2 emissions Improve the management of solid waste and sewage waste Introduce new economic development opportunities to local farmers and breeders Improve the infrastructure of the existing livestock park to attract most of the breeders to this location and the surrounding area Improve the management of the animal manure issuing of green card to the breeders Improve the existing wastewater infrastructure Improve aesthetically the community to expand the local tourist sector

5 Estimated Energy Consumption (TOE) before Interventions Ssctor Electricity Heating - Cooling I. Buildings, Lighting & Secondary Sector Dissel - Transport Biomass Public Buildings Public Lighting Residential Buildings Secondary sector Total I II. Transport Private cars 0.55 Commercial Vehicles 0.90 Garbage & effluent trucks 1.30 Public Transport 6.80 Total II Total

6 Estimated CO 2 eq Emissions (tn CO 2 eq ) before Interventions Ssctor Electricity Heating - Cooling Dissel - Transport Biomass Total I. Buildings, Lighting & Secondary Sector Public Buildings Public Lighting Residential Buildings 354, Secondary sector Total I II. Transport Private cars Commercial Vehicles 2.50 Garbage & effluent trucks 4.04 Public Transport Total II Unused animal manure 5, , TOTAL , ,273.97

7 Proposed Interventions Improve energy efficiency in residential sector Improve energy efficiency in public building sector Improve energy efficiency in public lighting sector Bioclimatic rehabilitation of open space (main road of the village) Introduction of electric vehicles for public transport and endogenous commercial transport Production of biogas from animal manure and agricultural residues Improve water supply to the livestock park to enable breeders to move there Management of effluent waste Supply of compost bins to each house

8 Energy Efficiency in the Residential Sector Existing Buildings Α. Stone Houses Β. Reinforced Concrete & Brick Houses(Build before 1980) Γ. Reinforced Concrete & Brick Houses(Build after 1980) Ground Floor Houses 2 or 3 level houses Ground Floor Houses 2 or 3 level houses 4 level houses or more Ground Floor Houses 2 or 3 level houses Total Houses Roof Flat Roof Tiles Window Frames Wooden level houses or more Aluminum without Thermal Break Aluminum with Thermal Break Glass Single Double Double low emission Heating System / Fuel Boiler - Petroleum Wood Burner Fireplaces Cooling System Split units / electricity None Hot water System Boiler petroleum Electric Water Heater Solar Thermal

9 Energy Efficiency in the Residential Sector Intervention Measures - Results Wall insulations 64 buildings Change Windows & Window Frames in 36 buildings Replacement of 52 old boilers with pellet burner boilers Improvements in the lighting sector Add/Replace solar systems for hot water in 54 buildings Supply to each residence 2 roof fans Results: Reduction in Energy Consumption: 103 TOE or 18.6% Reduction in CO 2 emissions: tn CO 2 eq or 64.76% Production of Green Energy (solar panels) : 4 TOE

10 Energy Efficiency in the Public Building Sector Existing Conditions Built in 1968 Kinden garden Construction: reinforced concrete Floors: 1 Wooden Roof Wooden window frames, Single glass Heating with oil 2,5 tn/year Old school Built in 1938 Construction: masonry Floors: 1 Wooden Roof Wooden window frames, Single glass Heating: None Community Building Built in 1938 Construction: masonry Floors: 1 Wooden Roof Wooden window frames, Single glass Heating: Wood burner

11 Energy Efficiency in the Public Building Sector Interventions - Results Kinden garden Insulation of walls Change of window frames and glasses Replacement of heating system with pellet burning Boiler Shading Solar panel for hot water Old school Insulation of walls Change of window frames and glasses Air to air Heat Pump Community Building Insulation of walls Change of window frames and glasses Inverter Results Reduction in Energy Consumption: TOE or 77% Reduction in CO 2 emissions: tn CO 2 eq or 85.7%

12 Energy Efficiency in the Public Lighting Interventions - Results Before interventions After Interventions Energy Savings Reduction in CO22 eq Emissions Interventions Replacement of 125 W high pressure mercury lambs with LED 60 W Replacement of 250 W high pressure sodium lambs with LED 120 W Installed Power (KW) Annual energy Consumptio n (kwh) Emissions CO2 eq (τόνοι) ** Annual Installed Energy Power (KW) Consumpti on (kwh) Emissions CO2 eq (τόνοι) ** Annual Energy Savings(kW h) % Annual Reduction of Emissions CO2 eq (τόνοι) , , , , , , % Economy lamps 20W , , Total , , ,

13 Bioclimatic Rehabilitation of Open Space Museum of Olive to the Children s Playground Existing Conditions: July temperature Max 43.5 o C, Min 11.5 Road is covered with asphalt Minimal planting Usual tiles in the spaces of public buildings Variable road width 5m to 8.5m Proposed interventions: Road covered with cool material light color Pavers (3,550 m 2 ) Planting of plum and linden trees along the length of the road Planting of local plants in the yards of public building Tile replacement around public buildings 25 m 2 of light color Pavers reduce 1 tn of CO 2 emissions Resulting reductions in CO 2 : 142 tn of CO 2

14 Production of Biogas Biomass Standard Biogas Type tn/year % Total Solids Total Volatile Volatile Solids/year GVS m 3 CH4/y Silage Maize 2, % 95% ,870 Cow Manure 2, % 80% ,986 Whey % 98% ,138 Pig Manure % 80% ,394 Fatty Acids % 98% ,082 Poultry Manure % 75% ,218 Sheep & Goat Manure 3, % 89% 1, ,682 Total 8, % 1, ,370 Methane Production in the Secondary Digester 10% 50,637 Total Production of Methane (CH4) 557,007 Total Production of Biogas 63% CH4 879, t/day (1t/hr)

15 Production of Electrical & Thermal Energy from Biogas Χρήση Βιοαερίου CH4 Production m3 CH 4 Fuel Energy MWh/year Fuel Capacity kw 632 kw Installed Capacity (Electrical) 248 kw e Fuel Energy MWh/ year Production of Electricity MWh/ year Production of Thermal Energy MWh/ year Capacity (Thermal) 340 kw Jenbacher JMC 208 GS-BL Thermal Energy of Processes 439 MWh/ Year Consumption of Thermal Energy MWh/ year

16 CO 2 Balance Interventions Existing Emissions CO2e Reduced emissions CO2e Energy efficiency in Public and Residential Buildings electric trucks Electric bus with charging station Street Lighting Energy production from Biogas 5, Biocl. rehabilitation open space Compensation emissions CO2e Balance CO2e Plantations 0.40 Water supply to livestock park Recycle Total 1 6, Green Energy Production by biogas 2, Solar panels Total 2 2, TOTAL 6, ,108.65

17 Thank you