Biogas - Trends in Germany

Transcription

1 Biogas - Trends in Germany Why is safety important for successful biogas market development? Clemens Findeisen Consultant Development Cooperation German Biogas Association

2 Outline German Biogas Association Development of the biogas market in Germany Different Operation techniques Political framework in Germany Trends/Trainings in the area of safety 2

3 Structure of the German Biogas Association over 400 honorary experts Steering Committee 7 members, elected for a 4-year-period Board of Trustees Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and advisory boards Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law Operators of biogas plants Providers of feedstock Research Institutions Headquarters in Freising 23 employees, organised in 10 departments Berlin Office 5 employees Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal 5 employees 23 Regional groups in Germany Members Interested private individuals Public authorities Lawyers Companies and manufacturers Corporate finance Planners, advisers, laboratories Member of the European Biogas Association (EBA) 3

4 German Biogas Association - Objectives Objectives : Promotion of the biogas sector Promotion of a sustainable energy supply Definition of legal framework for reliable and long-term investments Creation of adequate technical rules and standards Promotion of R & D Exchange of information Members service Lobbying on federal state, federal and EU level in the following fields: Renewable Energy Act (EEG) Energy management Regulatory approval Environmental law Laws on agricultural issues Tax law 4

5 European Biogas Association 26 countries 5

6 Provision of electricity in Germany in 2012 Others 5% Natural gas 11% 618 TWh Renewables 23% Lignite 26% Nuclear power 16% Source: FvB based on AfEE 2013 Hard coal 19% 6

7 Structure of the German electricity production from renewable energy sources (2012) More than 50 % of the RES are fluctuating Overall: 136 TWh Wind 33.8% Share renewable energies on overall consumption: 23 % Biowaste 3.6% Landfill gas 0.4% Biomass 30.0% Biogas 15.1% Sewage gas 1.0% Photovoltaic 20.6% Solid biofuels 9.2% Liquid biofuels 0.8% Hydro 15.6% Source: FvB based on BMU

8 Flexibility instead of base load: The new role of bioenergy Capacity [GW] 20 % Renewable Energy Sources 40 % Renewable Energy Sources 80 % Renewable Energy Sources With increasing share of RES baseload loses importance Flexible systems fill Flexible systems fill the valleys of wind the valleys of the and sun wind and sun CHP with bioenergy CHP with bioenergy & natural gas natural gas New role of biogas red Demand (2010) green Production Wind & Solar 8

9 Scheme of an agricultural biogas plant Biomethane Natural gas grid Local heat Heat Biogas Upgrading of biogas Electricity House Gas engine & generator in CHP Electric grid Manure storage Barn Renewable primary products & residues / waste Source: FvB based on FNR e.v. Animal excrements Input material Digester with gas storage Energy plants Second digester & digestate storage Agricultural utilisation 10 Digestate

10 Fields of Application for Biogas 11

11 Composition of biogas component percentage CH Vol. % CO Vol. % H 2 S ppm NH ppm H 2 O 1-3 Vol. % Dust particles < 5 N Vol. % Example of a typical agricultural biogas plant: -CH 4 52 Vol. % -CO 2 35 Vol. % -H 2 S 120 ppm -O Vol. % => ppm = 0.1 Vol.% Source: FNR (2003) modified by FVB 12

12 Anaerobic degradation of organic compounds 1. Phase Hydrolysis 2. Phase Acidogenesis 3. Phase Acetogenesis 4. Phase Methanogenesis ph: 5,5 6,7 ph: 5-6 H 2 /CO 2 ph: 6,6 8,0 Biomass Polysacharide Protein Fats Sugar Amino Acid Fatty Acid Biogas CH 4 /CO 2 Fatty Acid (Propanoic Acid) Alcohol Acetic Acid hydrolytic acidogenic acetogenetic methanogenic microorganism microorganism 13

13 The biogas principle like a concrete cow feed product: slurry engine digester products: heat and power 14

14 Feedstock of biogas plants Excrements Energy plants Agricultural residues Organic waste of of Organic waste of plants animals Liquid & solid manure Grass, maize, potatoes, mustard, silage.. Beet leafs, harvest residues Brewer grains, vegetable waste, old fat, distiller s wash... Food residues, grease Fermentation Biogas Agriculture Source: FvB based on VLK (2002) Digestate 15

15 Feedstock in German biogas plants % by weight % by energy output Energy plants Biowaste Liquid & solid manure Industrial & agricultural residues Source: FvB based on DBFZ-Betreiberumfrage (2012/2013) 16

16 Potential for biogas and already used biomass Energy plants NawaRo Potential Potenzial in MW installierbare installed electric Leistung capacity already bereits installierte installed electric Leistung capacity in MW in MW Installable Installierbare capacity Leistung in MW el in MW el Animal excrements WD tierischer Herkunft Non-area "Nichtflächen"- renewable primary NawaRos products Pure Rein by-products pfl. Nebenprodukteliste from plants Annahme: 4 Mio. ha Ackerflächen stehen für den Anbau von Energiepflanzen zur Verfügung, davon 2 Mio. ha für Biogas Berechnungen FvB 2012; Datengrundlage KTBL 2010; DBFZ 2011 Biowaste Bioabfälle Organic waste from animals Tierische Nebenprodukte 17

17 Number of biogas plants & installed electric capacity Number of biogas plants 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 Number of biogas plants Installed electric capacity incl. repowering [MW] 2, ,050 1,600 1, ,500 3,7113,891 1,377 1,100 1,271 4,984 1,893 5,905 2,291 7,900 3,750 7,720 7,515 3,547 3,352 7,175 3,097 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Installed electric capacity 1, ,0501, Fachverband Biogas e.v. Years 18

18 Biogas sector at a glance Number of biogas plants (thereof plants feeding in biomethane) 2011* 2012* Forecast 2/2013** Forecast 2014** 7,175 (77) 7,515 (109) 7,720 (124) 7,900 (139) Additional installations per year 1, Additional installed electric capacity in MW per year (incl. upgrading) Additional installed electric capacity in permanen use in MW per year (w ithout upgrading) Installed electric capacity in MW (w ithout feeding-in of biomethane) Installed electric capacity in MW (incl. feeding-in of biomethane) Electric capacity in permanent use in MW (incl. feeding-in of biomethane) Overall capacity for upgrading of raw gas to biomethane (Nm³/h) Annually net generation of electricity intwh per year (w ithout upgrading) Households supplied with electricity from biogas in Mio. 7,770 (124) ,984 3,200 3,375 3,558 3,097 3,352 3,547 3, ,496 3,647 86, , , , Share of German electricity generation in % ca ca Volume of trade in billion Euro Jobs 63,213 45,485 39,603 41,642 F achverband B io gas e.v. * ow n extrapolation based on data from the German states 19 3, % 40,000 ** based on an expert survey

19 Biogas from biowaste (Germany) 14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste (incl. 8,2 million t/a municipal biowaste) Composting Fermentation Incineration material recycling/ recovery energetic Approx. 4,6 million t/a biowaste 984 approved biogas plants (approx. 300 plants from which 100 municipal plants) Source: Statistisches Bundesamt,

20 Feedstock for the plants using waste Manure other organic waste 28 % 11,7% 14,4% Biowaste (Biotonne - energy crops 1,4 % 6% superimposed food 16,8% 12,2% Food leftovers Fat separator content Quelle: RAL-Gütesicherung Gärprodukt (RAL-GZ 245); Stand 2013, Datenbasis: 113 Biogasanlagen, Input: 3,2 Mio. t FM 22

21 Collection of catering waste in Germany 23

22 Systematization of the digestion systems Characterization : Difference 1 Moisture level of substrate Wet- or Dryfermentation 2 Process temperature Mesophilic or thermophilic digestion 3 Process stages Single- or multistage process 4 Material flow Continuous or discontinuous process Quelle: Prof. Weiland, FAL Braunschweig,

23 DIFFERENT OPERATION TECHNIQUES 1. COMPLETE MIXED REACTOR 2. PLUG FLOW REACTOR 3. GARAGE SYSTEMS (BATCH) 25

24 Biogas plant Biogas plant in maize field Fachverband Biogas e.v. 26

25 Complete mixed reactor Relief pressure valve Mixer Storage of biogas Cover of the reactor Gas leakage Air supply Spill over Isolation Concrete packaging Input Heating installation Heater Withdrawal of biogas For biogas utilisation Condensate trap Origen: Biogashandbuch Bayern 27

26 Stainless steal digester under construction Origin: Weltec 28

27 Inside a digester The inside of a digester Fachverband Biogas e.v. 29

28 Gas storage facilities Gas hood with EPDM foil Foil roof (tight) Transport air foil roof Fotos: Biolene, Cenotec External gas storage facilities Fotos: Cenotec, Sattler 30

29 Plug flow reactor Input biogas digestate Origen: Axpo Kompogas AG, Kompostwerk Lemgo 32

30 Plug flow reactor Origen: Axpo-Kompogas / Büchl Entsorgungswirtschaft GmbH; BioIN GmbH 34

31 Plug flow reactor Origen: Berlin Ruhleben, BSR 35

32 Garage System Origen: Bekon 36

33 Garage System Origen: Eggersmann 37

34 Garage System Foto: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG 38

35 Garage System 39

36 POLITICAL FRAMEWORK FOR BIOGAS IN GERMANY 41

37 German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) Priority connection, purchase and transmission for electricity from renewable energy sources A consistent fee for this electricity paid by the grid operators for a 20- year period The core elements of the EEG guarantee : Mid and long term planning and investment security Calculable cost for consumers Specific fees for different technologies Low bureaucratic effort Participation for local and regional players 42

38 Renewable Energy Act: Conclusion The EEG is one of the world s most efficient support mechanism for RES (copied by moren than 50 countries) But: Germany s success of RES would not be possible with today s law and the relatively low tariffs so it is worthwile to have a look at the older versions of the EEG 43

39 Development of the Renewable Energy Act ( ) Consistent fee for 20 years Priority connection 250 new plants a year EEG 2000 EEG 2004 Bonus for energy crops Bonus for using heat 450 new plants a year Bonus for new techniques Bonus for emission reduction Bonus for manure 1000 new plants a year EEG 2009 EEG 2012 New system New requirements on efficiency and ecology 340 new plants a year EEG 2014? 44

40 New Feed-In Tariffs under the EEG 2012 (ct/kwh el ) Category Basic compensation Input material category I Input material category II Digestation of biowaste b) Bonus for upgrading of biogas 75 kw 25 ct/kwh a) 150 kw 14.3 ct/kwh 6.0 ct/kwh 8.0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 500 kw 12.3 ct/kwh 6.0 ct/kwh 8.0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 750 kw 11.0 ct/kwh 5.0 ct/kwh 8.0/6.0 c) ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh kw 11.0 ct/kwh 4.0 ct/kwh 8.0/6.0 c) ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh kw 6.0 ct/kwh 0.0 ct/kwh 0.0 ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh 3 ct/kwh to 700 Nm³/h 2 ct/kwh to 1,000 Nm³/h 1 ct/kwh to 1,400 Nm³/h Nominal output of feed-in plant a) No combination with basic compensation and/or compensation for input material of category I and II possible! b) No combination with basic compensation and/or compensation for input material of category I and II possible! c) Electricity from manure and dung 50

41 NEW EEG 2014? For New Plants: No more bonus for energy crops and manure No more bonus for biogas upgrading No more heat utilization obligation Max. 100 MW additional plants each year For existing plants: Generally plants stay in their EEG tariff But plants can not produce more electricity per year than in the past (no motivation for expansions or increasing efficiency). But they can switch to make the plant flexible flexibility bonus (but also maximum MW additional capacity) 55

42 MANDATORY SAFETY TRAINING FOR BIOGAS PLANT OPERATORS IN GERMANY 56

43 Biogas Training Network Since October

44 Biogas Training Network Standardization of Trainings Uniforming quality criteria for the planning, organization, implementation and certification Mandatory curriculum including learning objective descriptions Coordinated examination questions. 58

45 Biogas Training Network Fokus on Plant saftey, occupational safety, health, licensing and water rights, documentation 59

46 Curricula of the 2 days operators qualifications training in Germany Legal Framework of plant construction and operation Risk assessment Explosion protection Documentation Mandatory obligations for the plant operator Damage and accident management Safety relevant checks and maintenance Best-practice-example (on-site check and evaluation) Multiple-choice exam 60

47 Safety Establishment of Regulations and Standards Training standards for operators, etc. Sustainable Image of Biogas! 61

48 Safety Establishment of Regulations and Standards Training standards for operators, etc. Sustainable Image of Biogas!

49 Conclusion Biogas is as an allrounder and a key in the Energy Turnaround Four main trends in Germany: 1. Small farm-sized plants based on manure and agricultural by-products 2. Using of the natural gas grid as storage 3. Specialized direct marketing: Balancing the fluctuating power generation from wind und sun (flexibility) 4. Export Business (60 % forecast 2014) High interest for biogas all over the world demand for Know- How and Trainings in developing and emerging countries Internationalisation of the German Biogas Association Importance of Safety standards and Operators Training 63

50 Thank you for your attention! BIOGAS Convention & Trade Fair we will see us in Bremen! Export Workshop! International Panel on Development & Emerging Countries! 64

51 Clemens Findeisen Consultant Development Cooperation German Biogas Association Telefon: 0049 (0) 1763 / clemens.findeisen@biogas.org Internet: 65