Energy Efficient Tech and FUNDING for Swine and Poultry Fritz Ebinger Rural Energy Development Program Manager (612)

Transcription

1 Energy Efficient Tech and FUNDING for Swine and Poultry Fritz Ebinger Rural Energy Development Program Manager (612) Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

2 OVERVIEW 1. ABOUT EXTENSION, RSDP & CERTS 2. FUNDING 3. POULTRY TECH LIGHTING & BIOMASS UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 4. SWINE TECH FANS, CREEP MATS, LAMPS EXTENSION RSDP CERTs 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

3 EXTENSION TRIVIA MN started Extension in 1909 before the rest of the country Smith-Lever Act of 1914: Established cooperative extension services with landgrant universities to inform folks about: New ag techniques Home economics Leadership 4-H Econ development 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

4 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

5 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

6 ABOUT RSDP 1997 Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships Connects Greater Minnesota solutions to UMN in order to replicate and scale up Leverages local ideas and talent along with UMN resources in four focus areas: Agriculture and food systems Tourism and resilient communities Natural resources Clean energy 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

7 RSDP flips the Extension Education Model: UMN learns from communities and practitioners then optimizes 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

8 ABOUT RSDP A Local Laboratory 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

9 CERTs: Minnesotans Building a Clean Energy Future Mission: We connect individuals and their communities to the resources they need to identify and implement community-based clean energy projects

10 Statewide Partnership & Collaboration

11 What Does CERTs Do? Write blog posts & case studies Create educational guides Manage diverse web-based tools Host events, tours, and conferences Help with community organizing Connect people to technical resources Provide seed grant funding and more Deliver research-based campaigns Spur other statewide programs

12 CERTified Campaigns

13 The Efficiency Paradox Increased energy efficiency tends to increase energy consumption by two means: W. S. Jevons Khazzom-Brookes Postulate Rebound Effect First, increased energy efficiency makes the use of energy relatively cheaper, thus encouraging increased use (the direct rebound effect). Second, increased energy efficiency leads to increased economic growth, which pulls up energy use for the whole economy.

14 The Efficiency Paradox As the cost of energy use decreases with efficiency gains, the consumption of energy increases.

15 PROJECT BARRIERS Number 1 Market Conditions No time Farm Business Exit Not a priority

16 FUNDING OPTIONS Utility CIP Rebates Minn. Livestock Investment Grant Program USDA Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Grant Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)

17 Electric Utility CIP Rebates Compatibility: Use with any other funding source. Eligibility: Member-owner of the cooperative or utility. Funding Amount: Varies by utility. A formula provides the dollar amount per kw or kwh saved. Ranges from 10% to 40% of the project depending on the utility and its priorities. Project Timing: Discuss funding amount with utility before starting project. Receive payment within a few weeks after completing the project and submitting CIP paperwork to utility. Competitiveness: No competition. Easy application process.

18 Minn.Livestock Investment Grant Program Eligibility: Raise livestock in Minnesota (25% of gross income from agriculture); aim to improve livestock production Grant: 10% of project cost. Minimum investment of $4,000 Projects Types: Any improvements, primarily energy efficiency, herd expansion, new parlor, new vent fans Application Window: Mid-September. Closes mid- December. Project Timing: Wait for the letter notice by early Feb. Start project after funding is awarded. Competition: Low to moderate % are successful and application is easy.

19 USDA REAP Eligibility: Farmer anywhere with at least 50% of farm income from ag production, or rural small business (pop. < 50,000) Grant: 25% of project cost. Minimum request of $1,500 for efficiency Guaranteed Loan: backing up to 75% of project costs. Projects Timing: Start project after application is submitted. Deadlines: March 31 (all projects) and October 31 (small projects) Competition: Steep. Only 25-30% are successful nowadays.

20 PACE: Property Assessed Clean Energy Eligibility: Legal owner of property. Must be current on mortgages. No liens. Located in a jurisdiction with PACE. Loan Funding Amount: Loan cannot exceed 20% of property value. Loan term up to 15 years. Loan terms <10 years usually under 5% APR. Project Timing: Apps accepted continuously. Prep takes a month- start after loan terms set. LGU assessment request is in the loan terms. Level of Effort: Quick and easy. No competition. Pre-Reqs: Energy audit by an energy auditor must be completed prior to submitting application. Reporting : No just pay your property tax bill!

21 Minnesota Poultry #1 Turkey Producer in US 46 mil turkeys yearly 250 farmers, 600 farms #12 for chicken and eggs 47 mil broiler chickens 300 farms Distribution and Density of Turkey Production

22 Minnesota Turkey Average 13 hours lighting each day (range of 5 to 24 hours depending on season and barn Brooder barn = heavy lighting because of enclosed environments, 40,000+ poults HPS: Light efficient, not energy efficient CFLs: Some hesitant to install LEDs: Viable alternative, high upfront cost but coming down Finisher barns side curtains, 20,000+ turkeys each, 2 barns usually

23 CARD Grant Study Conservation Applied Research & Development (CARD) Grant April 2011 December farmers, 23 barns ONCE Innovations AgriShift 12W Studied Poultry LEDs for: Potential energy savings Cost-effectiveness Practical performance

24 Turkey Barn Lighting Bulb Type High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Key Attributes Orange/red spectrum Each bulb provides a lot of light 150W 250W 40W ballast Incandescent Dimmable High burn out rate Phasing out 60W 75W 100W CFL Poor dimmability Fail early in jelly jars Mercury concerns 13W 23W 26W 12W Dimmable LED Directional High installation cost

25 Bird s Eye View Poultry see more of the visible light spectrum than humans LEDs more closely match poultry s spectral response curve LEDs might appear as 500 lumens to humans / 800 lumens to poultry

26 Turkey Barn Lighting (Cont d) Bulbs Life (hours) Life (years) Lumens/ Watt HPS 24, Power Consumption (watts) (ballast) = 190 Bulb Cost (each) $14 Incandescent 1, $0.75 CFL 10, $3 LED 50, $35 Annual Lighting Runtime: 2,000 7,500 hours per year, 4,300 hours on average Maintenance costs reduced when switching to more efficient lighting

27 Study Results: Energy Savings Switch to LEDs from Number of Barns Range of Energy Savings (%) Average Energy Savings (%) Average Energy Savings (kwh/yr) HPS 4 76% - 79% 78% 32,500 HPS/Incan. 4 NA 77% 10,300 Incandescent 6 84% - 88% 86% 15,300 CFL 4 8% - 48% 34% 1,900 Switching from incandescent and HPS bulbs result in greatest savings

28 Study Results: Cost-Effectiveness Switch to LEDs from No. of Barns Total LED Installation Cost ($) Range of Energy Savings ($) Range of Simple Payback (yrs) HPS 4 $9,200-12,200 $1,500 - $5, HPS/Incan. 4 $4,700 $1, Incandescent 6 $2,100-3,100 $1,300 - $3, CFL 4 $3,200-15,800 $150 - $ LED bulb costs continue to decline Upgrade from CFL to LED is not cost effective

29 Different LEDs for Different Barns Corncob LEDs: 120 W with 16,800 lumens (275 W replacement) $ W E39 Base 5600 lumens (250 W equivalent, $87 LED tube lighting (connect together like a chain) 25 W (T-12 equivalent) $26

30 Why Upgrade to LEDs? Reduce lighting costs by $1,000s each year Save up to 85% on lighting energy Pay for project with energy cost savings as soon as 1 year (3 yrs without utility rebates) Reduce maintenance time/cost Use poultry-specific lighting Dimming, color, intensity

31 Minnesota Swine #3 in production behind IA and SC 3,300 hog farms statewide Top Counties 2012 Ag Census Martin (#6), Blue Earth (#16), Mower (#36), Freeborn (#37), Nobles (#38) 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

32 Minnesota Swine Priorities 1. Biosecurity 2. See 1 above 3. Biosecurity protocols 4. Biosecurity 5. Re-visitation of 3 above 6. Biosecurity 7. Veterinary costs/antibiotics 8. Antibiotic regulations 9. Feed costs 10. Energy costs 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

33 Hog Barns! Farrowing Barn Sows and piglets Nursing pigs 20 lbs or less, 0-2 weeks old Piglets need 95 degrees! Nursery/Grower Barn Weaned pigs 3 8 weeks old Ballpark lbs 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

34 Hog Barns! Grower Barn Weaned pigs 8-12 weeks old Ballpark lbs High ventilation Finisher Barn Big pigs lbs weeks old High ventilation Note barns are not categorical Farrow to finish Wean to finish Farrow to wean, etc Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

35 FARROWING BARNS New piglets need degrees Sows need 60 degrees Creates an energy zoning mess Heat lamps 45% of kwh consumption 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

36 Farrowing: Microclimates are necessary Basic: Check the heat lamp wattage 250 W heat lamps are too hot 175 W heat lamps (and less) are better, save 360 kwh/crate/year Faster piglet weight gain under cooler lamps 250 W 175 W Conserving Energy by Using Localized Heating in Swine Housing, Jay Harmon, professor, ag and biosystems engineering; Hongwei Xin, professor, ag and biosystems engineering; and Dana Petersen, program coordinator, ISU Farm Energy Initiative; Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Sponsored by the Iowa Energy Center Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

37 HEATED CREEP MATS vs. HEAT LAMPS 200 W pad for degrees above room temp 2x4 mats Stanfield 200 W -- $190 Kane 170 W -- $ Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

38 HEATED CREEP MATS vs. HEAT LAMPS Stinn, John P. and Xin, Hongwei (2014) "Heat Lamp vs. Heat Mat as Localized Heat Source in Swine Farrowing Crate," Animal Industry Report: AS 660, ASL R side-by-side comparison Three 40 crate rooms Half with 125 W heat lamps Other half with 290 W creep mats 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

39 HEATED CREEP MATS vs. HEAT LAMPS Average Weight Gain? NO DIFFERENCE Percent Mortality Rate? NO DIFFERENCE kwh Consumption? 36% kwh SAVINGS with heated mats 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

40 Controlled Creep Mats AND Heat Lamps Best of both efficiency worlds? Sensors automatically adjust heat lamp and creep mat power supply according to room temp and age of piglets Power modulator operates 1 20-amp circuit Controller manages up to 12 power modulators 3 rd Party study would be nice, but sources say this works very well but for piglets 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

41 FINISHER BARNS Deep-pit, side curtain Photos Courtesy of New Modern Concepts Iowa Falls, IA 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

42 Deep Pit Finisher Barns Pit Fans research says turn them OFF (Wrong) idea is that pit fans pull fresh air down and then out to keep barn air clear Reality: barn floor is too porous; does not have sufficient static pressure Pit fans actually do nothing to decrease barn NH3 and N2S emissions Jacobson, L.D., B.Pl. Hetchler and D.R. Schmidt Reducing H 2 S, NH 3, PM, and odor emissions from deep-pit pig finishing facilities by managing pit ventilation.in: Mitigating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations, Technology Summaries of the May 2008 Conference (Des Moines, IA). p. 26.Iowa State University, Ames, IA Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

43 FINISHER BARNS Tunnel ventilated becoming more common for biosecurity 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

44 FINISHER BARNS FAN BASICS BEHAVIOR CHANGE! Keep them clean: Dirty fans waste up to 40% Keep them lubed with graphite dust: higher temp tolerance, reduces dust intrusion Keep them tight: Bad or loose belts waste up to 30% energy 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

45 ENERGY EFFICIENT FANS For small fans ( 24 in), fans should have an efficiency of 12 cfm/watt or higher at 0.10 in static pressure For moderate sized fans (36-48 ), fans should have an efficiency of 17 cfm/watt or higher VSDs and VSD Controllers BESS Labs for CFM/Watt and performance: bess.illinois.edu 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

46 HOLD THE DATE Midwest Farm Energy Conference June 13-14, 2017 West Central Research & Outreach Center Morris, MN Focus on Swine Systems with new data! 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

47 THANK YOU! FRITZ EBINGER (612) Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.