Interactions & Ecosystems
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- Buck Norman
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1 Interactions & Ecosystems Unit A Relationships exist between living things and their environments 1.0: Relationships exist between living things and their environment Key Concepts: Interactions and interdependencies Environmental monitoring Environmental impacts Environmental management Learning Outcomes: Define an ecosystem Identify abiotic and biotic factors Explain how basic needs are met in an ecosystem Describe interactions among living things Identify human impacts on ecosystems Recognize that in order to make an informed decision about an environmental issue, scientific knowledge and exploration are involved : Vocabulary: 1. Abiotic refers to the non-living things in an ecosystem. 2. Adaptations- how organisms respond to their environment 3. Basic needs -the needs of water, energy, food, oxygen and suitable living conditions of all living things. 3. Biotic refers to the living things in an ecosystem. 4. Community all populations of different species living and interacting in the same place. 5. Ecosystem a place on Earth where living things interact with other living and non-living things. 6. Nutrient component of food that supplies energy or building material to a living thing. 7. Organisms living thing. 8. Population all individuals of one species living in a certain place at the same time. 9. Species living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce. 1
2 What is Ecology? Study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment 1.1 Defining an Ecosystem and Learning about Basic Needs Includes both living and non-living components of the physical environment Ecosystems Ecosystem: the interaction of living and non-living things in a particular area. Examples? Ocean Pond 2
3 Is this an Ecosystem? Yes!!! Biotic/Abiotic Factors Bio means life a : means not Biotic- living and abiotic- not living. Biotic/Abiotic Factors Biotic- Living Abiotic- Non-living 3
4 Biotic/Living Plants Animals Bacteria Fungi Biotic/Abiotic Factors Abiotic/Non-living Water Sunlight Oxygen (Air) Temperature Soil Think- Pair- Share School Yard- pg. 10 Think about our school yard. Make a list of 5 biotic (living) and 5 abiotic (non-living) factors. Work with a partner and describe the interactions between the biotic and abiotic factors Species Species- Organisms able to breed with one another and produce fertile offspring Examples Ant Tree (Spruce Tree) Zebra 4
5 Populations Community Population- Group of species living in specific area at the same time Examples Bison Population Elephant Population Zebra Population Community- All different species that live and interact in the same area 5
6 Needs for Survival Water Basic Needs: minimum resources needed to maintain life. Covers 71% of Earth s surface Essential for life on earth Heat transfer Cell structure Organ function Food Provides nutrients Nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Supply body with energy and materials needed to move, grow, repair, and reproduce Energy Energy required to walk, run, breathe, eat, digest, and grow. Need energy even when sitting/ relaxing. Keeps your organs working properly- Heart Lungs Kidneys Liver 6
7 Oxygen Eat = chemical reactions inside body Oxygen needed to break down food Essential What do we need to do work? Oxygen Sugar Carbohydrates Carbon Dioxide Water Heat Products of Work 7
8 Living Conditions Moderate temperature/precipitation (rain) Shelter Extremophiles organisms living in harsh conditions Commonly bacteria ex- Live in hot springs 85+C Antarctic, survive -90C Think- Pair- Share Ecosystems must meet needs of organism How are basic needs for survival achieved in your own life? What are 3 things in your life you could do without, and still meet your basic needs? Check & Reflect Page 15 # s- 3, 4, & Interactions Among Living Things 8
9 Interactions among Living Things Relationships Interactions are important for survival Varying kinds of relationships Symbiotic Relationships 1. Commensalism Long term interactions between two species Relationship may benefit one or both organisms There are 3 types- One species benefits, the other neither benefits or is harmed: + / 0 9
10 2. Mutualism Both species in the relationship benefit: + / + 3. Parasitism One species benefits while the other is harmed: + / - Body Invaders Adaptations Body Invaders Cordyceps Adaptations- how organisms respond to their environment Variation= Change Adaptation= Beneficial Change Only species best suited to their environment survive 10
11 Adaptations Adaptations don t happen quickly Over generations (mom, grandma, great grandma etc. ) Offspring that inherit their parents successful characteristics continue to reproduce Species not well suited to their environment do not survive Living things cannot choose how they change Over time- successful characteristics become more common Changes in behavior and physical characteristics make species better suited for their environment. 11
12 Page 19, # 3 Check and Reflect Human Impacts on Ecosystems Impact of human action Good/bad intensions In England - highways kill toads Toad tunnels created Unintended Consequences Human actions have unintended consequences Decline in Beaver population Due to fire management practices Decreased light for Aspen Trees- Beaver food/shelter 1.3 Human Impacts on Ecosystems 12
13 Think- Pair- Share Think about following situations: 1. Student throwing candy wrapper on the ground 2. Student riding mountain bike on thin trail through forest 3. Farmer plowing field 4. Driving car to school/work 5. Biologist cleaning oil off wings of a duck Explain how individual has an impact on his or her environment. Create a visual to illustrate your ideas. Garbage Humans have biggest impact on ecosystems We use technology to alter the ecosystems we live in. Technology has affected the amount and type of waste we produce Waste Now use complex materials- ex. plastic Cannot be broken down Dumps- Large pits used for garbage disposal Smelly Unattractive Catch fire Pollute air 13
14 Solutions Recycling- Convert into reusable material Paper, glass, bottles, cans, plastics; Must be- separated, sorted, crushed, compacted & reprocessed. Solutions Sanitary Landfills- Designed not to leak. 1. Hole is dug 2. Clay liner and pipes put into place 1. Prevent leakage. Solutions Incinerating- Burning waste Results- Does not filter out small particles Particles could cause health problems Ongoing research seeking exact effects. Assess Your Learning Page 25, #s 1, 2, and 5 14
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