Coastal Water Quality Demonstration Project towards the minimization of. land-based sources of marine pollution in St. Lucia Phase I and II
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1 Coastal Water Quality Demonstration Project towards the minimization of land-based sources of marine pollution in St. Lucia Phase I and II
2 Caribbean Environmental Health Institute Technical Institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Technical advice and assistance to Member States Water Resources Management Integrated Watershed and Coastal Areas Management Waste Management Chemical Management Environmental Health Occupational Health and Safety
3 Multiphase project: To improve Water Quality along the North-West Coast of Saint Lucia. Phase 1: Characterization of land based hot spots that can have impacts on the coastal environment. Assessment of pollutant loading in the receiving environment. Hot-Spot is a specific location within a watershed or coastal area - pollution discharge. Sediment, oils, chemical, bacterial Phase 2: Establish pollution control strategies for prevention, remediation and control and prioritize solutions within the demonstration site and Promote public awareness and sensitization of the issue of recreational water quality
4 NW Coast of St. Lucia 4 watersheds on the NW coast Urbanised watersheds Tourism infrastructure Popular recreational beaches 55 % of the island s population
5 Watershed activities
6 Project drivers: water quality concerns along the NW Coast of St. Lucia Coastal Water quality monitoring by CEHI and Government agencies and past studies have pointed to Deterioration of coastal water quality within NW quadrant of the island Potential Human Health Hazards: Ear infections, Viral and Bacterial Gastroenteritis Ecosystem/Ecological impacts
7 Project Drivers: National standards/policies In 2010 the Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards (SLBS) adopted a national standard for recreational water quality for Saint Lucia; SLNS 83:2010. Standard based on WHO recreational water guidelines. Standard development carried out by CEHI on behalf Government of St. Lucia IWRM Roadmap for St. Lucia speaks to the management of freshwaters for protection of coastal water quality
8 Project drivers: Regional Conventions Cartagena convention- The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Region Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities LBS Protocol Ratified by St. Lucia in 2008 Countries that have ratified the Protocol take the necessary measures to minimize the influx of pollutants into the marine environment
9 Replication to parts of the country, perhaps other countries in the region
10 Phase 1 activities carried out in 2010 Identification of major hotspots in the study watersheds Consultation with stakeholders and Project Steering Committee Field reconnaissance assessment of identified hotspots of source and non-point sources of pollution Development of a rapid/non subjective assessment form to prioritize hotspots for further action. Characterization of the hotspot relative hazard risk posed to human and environmental health.
11 Water Quality Sampling Parameters: Nitrates Phosphates Dissolved oxygen (field) ph (field) oils & grease total suspended solids Turbidity Enterococci and faecal coliforms
12 Water Quality Sampling Sample collection was conducted on 5 separate occasions (September 2010) within a five week period) so as to derive the mean values. A total of 28 water quality points were analyzed in this study; 18 coastal sample points and 10 river sample points. Use of existing Coastal sampling points used by Fisheries Division and Ministry of Health Additional sampling points Rainfall data from three stations in the watersheds Used for interpretation of pollutant concentrations at the sampling locations.
13 Hotspot assessment form Site chemical, physical and microbial risk Developed based on literature on stream bank, riparian and watershed assessments, occupational health and safety assessments, environmental assessments. Developed based on existing assessment forms used by Caribbean Ministries of Health and Ministries of Environment, Water Authorities and Waste agencies, Environmental agencies Development was an iterative process Field testing
14
15 Results: Water Quality Mean TSS concentrations and order of magnitude of exceedance of recommended limit (5 mg/l)
16 Results: Water Quality
17 Summary of main water quality trends General increase in pollution loads from the upper reaches of the watershed to the lower sampling points. Pollutant loads generally dropped in the coastal environment attributed to dilution effects - Within recommended limits for coastal water quality Differences in sample days linked to dilution effects of rainfall/increased discharge Faecal coliform (FC) concentrations were well above the limit for the freshwater (inland) sample locations for all four rivers. Not used for recreation Concern if needed as emergency water source.
18 Hotspot assessment form risk ranking scores
19 Organization Final Score Risk Piggery Bois D Orange 854 Livestock processing Choc 809 Waste Treatment Facility- Choc 742 Piggery- Bois D Orange 704 Quarry Bois D Oraange 639 Concrete and Aggregates 636 Industry- Bois d Orange 624 Hotel- Castries 592 Hotel Bois D Orange 557 School- Castries 546 Garage- Bois D Orange 542 Retail-Bois d Orange 540 Laundry- Choc 535 Industry Bois d Orange 534 Garage/Auto dealer-castries 534 Hotel-Cap Estate 529 Farm-Bois d Orange 474 Very High High Moderate to High
20 Organization Final Score Risk Golf course- Cap Estate 435 Industry- Union 422 Marina- Cap Estate 413 Hotel- Choc 409 Hotel- Cap Estate 400 Boatyard- Cap Estate 397 Hotel- Cap Estate 374 Moderate Retail- Cap Estate 369 Retail/Gas Station- Cap Estate 333 Garage- Bois d Orange 326 Retail/Gas Station- Castries 317 Industry- Union 314 Restaurant- Cap Estate 301 Earthworks- Bois d Orange 269 Industry-Cap Estate 160 Low Agricultural 75
21 Synopsis of watershed hotspots Cap Estate Greywater discharge from surveyed hotspots Bois d Orange Pig farms within the Bois d Orange wetland: Poorly managed with minimal to no sanitary measures to prevent contamination Choc Quarry operations, Wastewater facility at Union Castries Densely clustered settlement areas: High phosphate levels underneath
22 Phase 1 produced the following: Pollution profile of watershed and coastal watersheds- from the Water Quality data Identified the water courses, and coastal areas of greatest concern Preliminary identification of the hotspots that are likely to have contributed to the pollution loading.
23 Recommendations from Phase 1 Sample points defined in this study should be adopted and formalized within the existing national monitoring framework by the Ministry of Health. Dialogue with the operators of entities that were evaluated to pose greatest risk to the environment. Need for greywater treatment facilities for new developments and retrofitting for older sites Riparian buffers Policy maker sensitization and possible development of a Cabinet paper to formally affirming Government s commitment to address water quality issues
24 Phase 2 In collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Refinement of the Hotspot Assessment Instrument Establish pollution control strategies for prevention, remediation and control and prioritize solutions within the demonstration site Promote public awareness and sensitization of the issue of recreational water quality
25 Phase 2 In collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Refinement of the Hotspot Assessment Instrument Establish pollution control strategies for prevention, remediation and control and prioritize solutions within the demonstration site Promote public awareness and sensitization of the issue of recreational water quality
26 Phase 2 In collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Refinement of the Hotspot Assessment Instrument Establish pollution control strategies for prevention, remediation and control and prioritize solutions within the demonstration site Promote public awareness and sensitization of the issue of recreational water quality
27 Phase 2 In collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Refinement of the Hotspot Assessment Instrument Establish pollution control strategies for prevention, remediation and control and prioritize solutions within the demonstration site Promote public awareness and sensitization of the issue of recreational water quality
28 Thanks! Questions? Comments? Suggestions?
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