The Arvia Process: Priority Substances and Pharmaceutical Residues & Disinfection. Arvia Technology Ltd. Nigel W. Brown

Transcription

1 The Arvia Process: Priority Substances and Pharmaceutical Residues & Disinfection Arvia Technology Ltd Nigel W. Brown

2 Overview Introduction Micro-organics Removal Disinfection Conclusions/On-going Work Acknowledgments and Questions

3 Introduction - Arvia Technology Arvia Technology is VC backed SME originating from The University of Manchester 22 full time employees based at The Heath Business and Technical Park Provides innovative advanced tertiary water and water recycling treatment with its Organics Destruction Cell (ODC) Active both in the water and nuclear sectors Arvia are focused on deploying pilot plants Global IPR in place 25 patents granted with 33 pending in 9 patent families

4 NyexTM An Adsorbent & Electrode Adsorption Concentrates organics on a surface Achieves low discharge consents Electrochemical Oxidation Destruction of recalcitrant organics Chemical free, onsite room temperature and pressure Energy efficient, trace level, organics destruction with no secondary waste

5 Laboratory Scale Sequential Batch Reactor

6 Continuous Operation

7 ODC Building Blocks ODC Flow (Up to) Max Inlet COD Typical Operating Current Expected Operating Voltage Foot print 22,000 L/hrs 2,000 ppm 50 Amps Volts 1.2 m x 0.7 m 7

8 Arvia Technology Provides innovative advanced tertiary water and water recycling treatment with its Organics Destruction Cell (ODC) The ODC provides targeted removal of organics to: Safely discharge wastewater to the environment (including disinfection) Enable water to be reused Preferentially remove contaminants of concern Meet regulatory targets for COD and micro-pollutants Competitive against AOP processes (UV/TiO2 and Ozone/H2O2) for removing 8 low and trace organics (change in <100mg/l COD)

9 ODC Proposition The ODC reduces the common measure of water pollution, known as Chemical Oxygen Demand, as well as removing colour and persistent organic micro-pollutants. Micro-pollutant removal for water utilities 96% removal of micro-pollutants at 0.1 kwh/m3 Industrial wastewater polishing for effluent re-use or safe discharge Remove recalcitrant COD to <10 ppm at 18 kwh/kg COD Color removal from water and wastewater Treat dyes, inks and other sources of color

10 Colour removal/organics Polishing

11 ODC Benefits Chemical free and environmentally sound No toxic by-products and no sludge Modular and scalable design Safe to operate system and low maintenance Energy used proportional to the organics destroyed. The lower the concentration of organics the more cost-effective! 11

12 Case Studies

13 Micro-pollutants in Wastewater At its pilot plant with a major British water utility company Arvia s ODC is delivering previously unachievable results in removing micro-pollutants. Treatment parameters: Optimised energy consumption: kwh/mᵌ Treatment target: parts per billion level 80% removal of oestrogens, Ibuprofen, Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, Fluoxetine 12

14 Large scale treatment of water spiked with a wide range of micro-pollutants Pharmaceutical residues including antibiotics, prescription drugs and non prescription drugs treated using the Arvia process showed on average >90% removal Power (KWh) is for the treatment of cocktail of compounds present in the waste and not for individual compounds

15 Removal of non-prescription drugs and steroids >90% removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac

16 Removal of steroids >80% removal of EE2. Concentration of analyte in ng/l, and deviation in result is within error of measurement.

17 The Metaldehyde Problem Molluscicide-selective pesticide applied to control snails and slugs , >1400 tonnes of metaldehyde has been used (FERA, 2013) Long-lived in the environment Soluble in water (200 mg/l at 20oC) Leaching of metaldehyde in water sources is a serious threat to water quality (fwi, 2014) 200+ plants fail EU standards in UK 17

18 Metaldehyde trial result The Arvia process could take water from out of to into specification (0.1 ppb) Discharge consent achieved for every single pass 96% removal of metaldehyde from water Treatment cost was shown to be 0.5 kwhrs/m3 18

19 Summary The technology delivers hard (recalcitrant) COD removal, colour and organic micro-pollutant removal The Arvia ODC combines the advantages of adsorption and advanced oxidation within a single unit There is no by-product formation, no secondary waste generated and no chemicals used in the process which differentiates the technology from other tertiary treatment technologies

20 Disinfection

21 Antibiotic Resistance All 193 UN member states have agreed to combat the proliferation of drug-resistant infections, estimated to kill more than 700,000 people each year (The Guardian 21/9/16) UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, said antimicrobial resistance is a fundamental threat to global health and safety at the first general assembly meeting on drugresistant bacteria. (The Guardian 21/9/16)

22 Hospital wastewaters Hospital wastewaters contain as much as 100 times as much antibiotic levels than Sewage Treatment Plants. Galvin et al have shown that hospital wastewaters have a higher proportion of antibiotic resistant E Coli than wastewaters upstream of the hospital. STW failed to remove a number of antibiotic resistant strains. (Katouli et al, Science Forum and Stakeholder Engagement: Building Linkages, Collaboration and Science Quality, ) After administration antibiotic substances are released into the effluent via patient excreta. These drugs can pass through sewage works can enter the aquatic environment and eventually reach drinking water. (Kummerer & Henninger, Clinical microbiology and infection, 2003, Vol 9, ) Municipal sewage treatment plants are not designed to deal with medicinal and biological waste. This is why we can detect these substances in our

23 Adsorption Log reduction after 20 mins E. Coli Initial conc. 1.6 * 109 CFU ml-1 Nyex Dose rate 100 g/l Average of 5 trials Limit of detection 20 CFU ml-1

24 Adsorption 1 Hussain et al, 2014, Water Research 54,

25 Electrochemical Regeneration E. Coli Initial conc. 2.5 * 108 CFU ml-1 Fresh batch used each cycle Average of 5 trials Limit of detection 20 CFU ml-1 Operating conditions Current density 10 ma-2 for 20 mins

26 Micro-organisms Bacteria Fungi Yeast Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Legionealla pneumophilia Aspergillus awamori Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rhodosporidium turoloides S. Cerevisiae Hussain et al, J. Ind Eng Chem In press

27 Hussain et al, J. Ind Eng Chem In press L. pneumophila stained with safranin

28 Algae cells Adsorption Scanning Electron Micrographs of microalgae cells on the adsorbent

29 Algae Regeneration Dimple appearing on the side of the microalgae cells that is in contact with the adsorbent. Possibly due to electrochemical regeneration of adsorbent Scanning Electron Micrographs of microalgae cells on the adsorbent

30 Algae Regeneration Release of intracellular material from micro-algae. Possibly due to wall rupture as a result of electrochemical regeneration of the adsorbent An opening can be observed from what looks like a ruptured Microalgae cell as a result of electrochemical regeneration Scanning Electron Micrographs of microalgae cells following regeneration

31 Disinfection Mechanisms Direct Electrochemical disinfection Electro-chlorination ph

32 Continuous treatment system 10 A 0 A 5 A

33 ODC Benefits Chemical free No toxic by-products No waste sludge Residual Chlorination Modular and scalable design (suitable for small scale operation) Safe to operate system and low maintenance Energy used proportional to the organics destroyed. The lower the concentration of organics the more cost-effective!

34 Acknowledgements Prof E.P.L. Roberts University of Calgary Dr. S. N. Hussain Punjab University Dr Akinlabi Adeyem University of Manchester Prof J. Lloyd, Prof A. McBain, Dr R. Kimber, University of Manchester Dr C. Halsall, S. O Rouke3 University of Lancaster Team at Arvia Technology

35 Wastewater as resource Globally billions of Euros are spent treating trillions of litres of wastewater every year, consuming substantial amounts of energy However, this wastewater could act as a renewable resource, saving significant quantities of energy and money, as it contains organic pollutants which can be used to produce electricity European Commission (2013) Bio-electrochemical Systems, wastewater treatment, bioenergy and valuable chemicals delivered by bacteria. Future Brief.

36 Microbial Fuel Cell Research BC Environmental Cell Voltage (mv) against Time (h) Time (h)

37 Thank You Tel: +44 (0)