Session II Getting to 60: The power of targets and load reduction. April 13 8:30 am to 12:30 pm 4 LU/HSW/SD

Transcription

1 Session II Getting to 60: The power of targets and load reduction April 13 8:30 am to 12:30 pm 4 LU/HSW/SD The goal of the 2030 Challenge is to create buildings that are designed to meet a fossil fuel, greenhouse gas emitting, energy performance standard of 60% less than the regional (or national) average for that building type now, with the standard rising to a 70% reduction in 2015 and incrementally increasing 10% in efficiency every five years until 2030, when the goal of zero emissions is met. One of the more compelling aspects of dramatic energy reductions is the mounting evidence that if done well, such ambitious goals can actually be done with little or no added costs. This session will explore the use of EPA s Target Finder (ENERGY STAR) to establish design targets and metrics, such as Energy Use Intensity (EUI). The session will include multiple examples of projects that have achieved exemplary energy performance, offer approaches for incorporating targets into the design process, and explore how providing targeting and EUI information can be a value-added service for design firms. Elizabeth Galloway Allan Montpellier PE, LEED AP These materials are provided to registered participants in the AIA+2030 Professional Series and may not be reproduced without the written consent of the provider.

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3 Session 2 Agenda 8:30-8:45 Session 1 Recap and Session 2 Intro 8:45-9:45 EUI,CBECS and other fun abbreviations 9:45-10:15 Target Finder Exercise 10:15-10:30 Break 10:30-12:15 Load Reduction, Energy Modeling and Building Performance Labeling 12:15-12:30 Conclusion / Q&A / 2:05PM start Logistics and Expectations -Be on time -Get to know your new BSA clubhouse -feel at home -Be open, honest and candid - Safe learning environment-no judgements - Smartphone/Blackberry off please -Have fun Quick overviews-three related 2030 advocates: The 2030 Challenge AIA 2030 Commitment AIA+2030 Professional Series 1

4 Architecture Non-profit organization founded by Ed Mazria in Authors of The 2030 Challenge -Major Goal: To achieve a dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Building Sector by changing the way buildings and developments are planned, designed and constructed. Architecture 2030 The 2030 Challenge How: - Design strategies - Technologies/systems - Off-site renewables Source: 60% of what? AIA 2030 Commitment American Institute of Architects requirements Two months Six months One year Annually Establish a team or leader to guide the firm s plan Implement min. of four actions items related to firm operations Develop sustainability action plan that demonstrates success toward 2030 goals Reportprogress toward goals and share publicly Source: 2

5 AIA 2030 Commitment Reporting summary FIRM NAME ALL OFFICES Design Work 2009 Overall Course Goals The AIA+2030 Professional Series helps design professionals create buildings that meet the ambitious energy efficiency goals of the Architecture 2030 Challenge. Ten 4-hour sessions offer strategies to reach 60% reduction in fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, giving design professionals the knowledge and leverage to create next-generation, super efficient buildings-and providing firms with the skills that will set them apart in the marketplace. LAND USE WATER ENERGY MATERIALS HEALTH AIR QUAILITY POP QUIZ!!!! 3

6 What is the best solution to this problem? A. Reduce the load B. Consider oxen C. Get a bigger donkey So what is wrong with a bigger donkey? oil natural gas electricity cooling tower air handlers boiler chiller CO 2 NO X SO 2 Ozone PM $ $ more fuel costly equipment more waste ventilation heat loss solar gain people lighting equipment Before you buy a bigger donkey.. REDUCE LOAD FIRST!! 4

7 Boston Series (Recap) 3/16/12 SETTING + ACHIEVING ENERGY GOALS WITH INTEGRATED DESIGN 4/13/12 GETTING TO 60: THE POWER OF TARGETS +LOAD REDUCTIONS - Challenge requires an Integrated Process 5/11/12 ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE: CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN 6/8/12 SKINS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE - Early goal setting and climate analysis 7/13/12 PASSIVELY AGGRESSIVE: EMPLOYING PASSIVE SYSTEMS FOR LOAD REDUCTION - Evidence based design / decision making 8/10/12 ILLUMINATING SAVINGS: DAYLIGHTING AND INTEGRATED LIGHTING STRATEGIES 9/7/12 RIGHT-SIZED: EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS FOR SUPER-EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEMS - Rapid prototyping using energy model 10/12/12 SITE POWER: RENEWABLE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES 11/9/12 THE HAND-OFF + STAYING IN SHAPE: OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE + EDUCATION - Fitchburg and MFA case studies 12/14/12 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ACHIEVING 2030 GOALS ON THE PROJECT AND AT THE OFFICE Boston Series (Today) 3/16/12 SETTING + ACHIEVING ENERGY GOALS WITH INTEGRATED DESIGN 4/13/12 GETTING TO 60: THE POWER OF TARGETS + LOAD REDUCTIONS 5/11/12 ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE: CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN 6/8/12 SKINS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE 7/13/12 PASSIVELY AGGRESSIVE: EMPLOYING PASSIVE SYSTEMS FOR LOAD REDUCTION 8/10/12 ILLUMINATING SAVINGS: DAYLIGHTING AND INTEGRATED LIGHTING STRATEGIES 9/7/12 RIGHT-SIZED: EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS FOR SUPER-EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEMS 10/12/12 SITE POWER: RENEWABLE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES 11/9/12 THE HAND-OFF + STAYING IN SHAPE: OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE + EDUCATION 12/14/12 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ACHIEVING 2030 GOALS ON THE PROJECT AND AT THE OFFICE Boston Series (Today) 3/16/12 SETTING + ACHIEVING ENERGY GOALS WITH INTEGRATED DESIGN 4/13/12 GETTING TO 60: THE POWER OF TARGETS + LOAD REDUCTIONS 5/11/12 ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE: CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN 6/8/12 SKINS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE 7/13/12 PASSIVELY AGGRESSIVE: EMPLOYING PASSIVE SYSTEMS FOR LOAD REDUCTION 8/10/12 ILLUMINATING SAVINGS: DAYLIGHTING AND INTEGRATED LIGHTING STRATEGIES 9/7/12 RIGHT-SIZED: EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS FOR SUPER-EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEMS 10/12/12 SITE POWER: RENEWABLE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES 11/9/12 THE HAND-OFF + STAYING IN SHAPE: OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE + EDUCATION 12/14/12 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ACHIEVING 2030 GOALS ON THE PROJECT AND AT THE OFFICE 5

8 THE POWER OF TARGETS AND LOAD REDUCTION April 13, 2012 Presented by: Elizabeth Galloway, PE, LEED APBD+C, EMIT SMMA Allan Montpellier, PE, LEED APBD+C WSP Flack + Kurtz Produced By: Developed By: In partnership with: Overview Energy use and climate change The Architecture 2030 Challenge Energy Star and Target Finder Load reduction strategies Energy modeling Learning Objectives 1. Describe the energy/carbon objectives of the 2030 Challenge 2. Use Energy Star Target Finder tool to set and Energy Use Intensity target for a project. 3. Summarize the concept of Energy Use Intensity and describe why it is an important tool for setting energy targets. Energy Use by Sector 1

9 Emissions by Sector Electricity and Emissions 75% of electricity is used by buildings Electricity and Emissions 100 units of energy 35 units of energy 33 units of energy Only 33% of fossil fuels embodied energy is consumed at the building site as electricity 2

10 Proof Positive of Climate Change The Hockey Stick Source: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Show Me the Money Source: CoStar Group ENERGY STAR buildings yield 3.3 percent higher rental rates than other green buildings. 3

11 The Architecture 2030 Challenge The First Annual Report 60% of What? Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) A national sample survey that collects information on the stock of US commercial buildings, their energy-related building characteristics and the energy consumption and expenditures 4

12 CBECS Census Divisions CBECS Climate Zones EPA egrid 928 lb CO 2 / MWh (2005 egrid) 890 lb CO 2 / MWh (2008 ISO NE) 5

13 CBECS Building Types EDUCATION FOOD SALES FOOD SERVICE HEALTH CARE (INPATIENT) HEALTH CARE (OUTPATIENT) LODGING MERCANTILE (RETAIL OTHER THAN MALL) MERCANTILE (ENCLOSED AND STRIP MALLS) OFFICE PUBLIC ASSEMBLY PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY RELIGIOUS WORSHIP SERVICE WAREHOUSE AND STORAGE OTHER VACANT What is an EUI? Why do we need an EUI? Fuel Efficiency Energy Performance Rating MPG EUI (kbtu/sf/yr) 6

14 Source vs. Site EUI Generation Efficiency Losses Transmission Efficiency Losses Transformer Efficiency Losses US Energy Flows in 2009 Only 32% of the Energy used for Electricity Generation Makes it to the Building 2030 Challenge Reference Point Because of varying energy source carbon footprint impacts and significant differences in efficiency losses the 2030 Challenge uses site energy as the reference point rather than source energy use. 7

15 Energy Star Target Finder/Portfolio Manager Online tool for target setting and rating during the design phase. Looks at whole building energy use. Provides a relative comparison to similar building types and functions. Weather normalized. References CBECS data. Energy Star Building Types Bank/Financial Institutions Courthouses SECONDARY SPACE TYPES: Data Centers Other Hospitals (Acute Care and Children's) Multifamily Housing Hotels/Motels Parking Houses of Worship Swimming Pool K 12 Schools Medical Offices Offices Residence Halls/Dormitories Retail Stores Supermarkets/Grocery Stores Warehouses (Refrigerated and Unrefrigerated) Target Finder Facility Information 8

16 Target Finder Facility Characteristics Target Finder Energy Reduction Target Target Finder Estimated Design Energy 9

17 Target Finder Estimated Design Energy Case Study: MA Elementary School Addition/Renovation project Average K-12 EUI: 100 kbtu/sf Target EUI: 33 kbtu/sf Modeled EUI: 28 kbtu/sf o R24 wall / R30 Roof/ U=0.42 o VAV with reheat o Condensing boilers o Air cooled chilled water system o 0.98 W/ft 2 Lighting Power Density Case Study: MA Elementary School 10

18 Other Building Types From CBECS or RECS Data Other Building Types 2030 Challenge Target Passive Design osolar orientation onatural ventliation osite analysis omassing ooptimize glazing odaylighting obuilding enclosure othermal mass Load Reduction Increasing first cost Decreasing effectiveness Efficient systems olow Lighting Power Density (LPD) olow Plug loads oefficient HVAC systems Renewable Energy Systems 11

19 Simple Energy Reduction Philosophy CONSERVATION FIRST!!! What moves the EUI needle? Office Bldg in Boston Hotel in Washington DC The EUI Breakdown Can Vary Dramatically Between Building Types In what order should we make decisions? What is the common theme here? Each section starts with conservation strategies first! 12

20 Buildings 81 & 83 Program Elements: Full service kitchen & cafeteria Ground level conference center Open and enclosed office spaces 9% of building area = labs Central atriums 4 level parking garage Corporate mandate to achieve minimum LEED Silver rating. Buildings 81 & 83 Energy Conservation Measures (ECM s): Narrower floor plate daylight Daylighting controls Lower lighting power density High performance glazing Increased envelope U-values External shading Raised floor air distribution High efficiency AHU s with fan walls Optimized chilled water plant Demand control ventilation Server room hot/cold aisle control VAV garage exhaust w/co 2 control Buildings 81 & 83 Table 3: Energy Efficiency Reduction Percentages Compared to ASHRAE Standard Load Scenario A B C D E Option ID Number Option Description Plug 150 W/SF 75 W/SF 150 W/SF 75 W/SF Loads Labs Labs Labs Labs 25% of 3.1 W/SF 3.1 W/SF 1.5 W/SF 1.5 W/SF Baseline Mods Mods Mods Mods Energy $ 1.00 Base Design with Labs 10.2% 7.7% 9.5% 6.3% HELtg 11.2% 9.2% 10.3% 7.3% LabHotAisle 13.6% 12.0% 12.9% 11.0% Shade1 10.2% 7.7% 9.5% 6.3% Shade2 10.2% 7.8% 9.5% 6.4% RedGlzg 11.2% 9.4% 11.5% 9.4% HELtg+LabHotAisle+Shade1+Shade2 14.7% 13.7% 13.6% 12.1% HELtg+LabHotAisle+RedGlzg 16.1% 15.8% 16.0% 15.8% HELtg+RedGlzg 12.5% 11.1% 12.4% 10.7% 2.00 Base Design without Labs 8.3% 11.5% 16.0% HELtg 11.3% 14.6% 18.6% Shade1 8.3% 11.8% 16.5% Shade2 8.4% 12.1% 16.8% RedGlzg 11.4% 14.5% 20.6% HELtg+RedGlzg 15.1% 17.9% 23.6% HELtg+Shade1+Shade2 11.4% 15.3% 19.4% 13

21 Buildings 81 & 83 The plug loads were the elephant in the room! Office plug loads at 3.1 W/SF vs. a more typical 1 W/SF Lab/server rooms at 150 W/SF Getting to Net Zero Energy and Carbon Source: Getting to Net Zero Plug Load Evolution 14

22 What is the Impact of Plug Loads?...They can be very significant and the users/occupants have a big part to play (more on this latter). Project Types Included in Target Finder 2003 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) Eligible Space Types for Rating Hospitals Retail Office Buildings Hotels Medical Office Buildings Waste Water Treatment Plants Courthouses Financial Centers Warehouses Dormitories Supermarkets K-12 Schools 15

23 Other Benchmarking Options 2003 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) Other Benchmarking Options What about other Project Types? Laboratories 16

24 Laboratory Benchmarking Input Data: Energy efficiency metric (i.e. EUI, kwh, $) Hours of operation Lab type (i.e. Chem, Bio, Combination) % lab area Lab use (i.e. Manufacturing, Research, Teaching) Climate Zone Limitations of Code Equivalents Were originally intended to mainly help municipalities and state governments understand how much they needed to improve their existing codes by in order to meeting the 2030 Challenge. Not as a comparative design tool. Codes and rating systems are constantly updated and therefore new percentage comparisons are necessary. The 2030 Challenge reduction targets are incrementally increasing and therefore new percentage comparisons are necessary. Codes vary region to region. Codes only cover regulated loads. Codes only cover the designed energy use (asset rating), not the actual energy use (operations and tenant behavior). See Rethinking Percent Saving by Charles Eley ( 17

25 One Last Option EUI Data from the Client Sometimes you can leverage a client s existing building portfolio. CASE STUDY 18

26 Load Reduction: Integrative Design A discovery process that optimizes the interrelationships between systems Pre-design phase for research and analysis Engage all design team members in conceptual design Site analysis to understand climate, hydrology, topography, soils, habitat, history, etc. Collaborative design workshops with all project stakeholders to establish goals and priorities at conceptual design phase An iterative design process driven by these goals and priorities and enlightened by the expertise of all 19

27 Load Reduction: Integrative Design Load Reduction: Integrative Design MIT Sloan School of Management Set energy and sustainability goals early Integrative design process Evaluated 38 combinations of structure, HVAC, enclosure Design includes: o Triple glazed curtain wall, cavity insulation, operable windows o No perimeter heating, hydronic heating and cooling Project costs were NOT increased in spite of exceptional energy performance; more was spent on the enclosure and less on the mechanical systems Load Reduction: Climate Responsive Design 20

28 Load Reduction: Climate Responsive Design Load Reduction: Climate Responsive Design Load Reduction: Climate Responsive Design Observed Changes in NE Climate Increase in average temperatures of 2 F overall and 4 F in winter ( ) 4-6 inch rise in sea levels in MA ( ) 67% increase in heavy precipitation (1958 and 2008) Anticipated Changes in NE Climate Increase in 90 F+ d/yr in Boston from 10 ( ) to d/yr ( ) Further temperature increases of F in winter and F in summer Increased heavy precipitation, including more rain and less snow Frequent short term droughts Continued rising sea levels, greater than the global average. 21

29 Load Reduction: Climate Responsive Design Low Energy Buildings Mitigate Climate Risk Passive solar design and thermal storage Well insulated buildings Very tight building enclosure Operable windows and design for natural ventilation Quality daylight design Solar thermal hot water Load Reduction: Massing and Envelope N Scheme 1 had 10% lower cooling energy use than the preferred alternative. Load Reduction: Massing and Envelope Load Reduction Study: 10,000 and 100,000 square foot office building 22

30 Load Reduction: Massing and Envelope Load Reduction Study: 10,000 and 100,000 square foot office building Energy Modeling We Must First Consider What is the Energy Model Being Used For 1. Informative: Provide comparisons to inform design decisions 2. Utility Incentives & LCCA: Models to help obtain utility savings info 3. Reporting: Confirm if the project meets code or LEED requirements 4. Utility Predictions: estimate total actual energy use (e.g. net zero building targets) 5. Retro-Cx / M&V: Models for existing facilities and confirmation of performance through measurement & verification Energy Modeling - Informative GSA Federal Center South 23

31 Energy Modeling Utility Incentives & LCCA Custom- Comprehensive Design Approach (CDA) Typically NC projects greater than 100,000 SF Achieve energy efficiencies 20% to 30% better than code (lighting 15% better than code) Energy modeling required e-quest Incentives for energy-efficiency technologies up to 90% of incremental costs Aggressively seek out and implement all program viable and cost effective EEMs Up to 50% of technical assistance and engineering costs associated with EEMs Energy Modeling Utility Incentives & LCCA Baseline: Raised Floor HVAC Option 1: Baseline + Operable Windows & Mixed Mode Control Option 2: Option 1 + Natural Ventilation & Geothermal Heat Exchanger Option 3: Option 2 + Hydronic Heating and Cooling System Energy Modeling - Reporting 24

32 Energy Modeling Utility Predictions USING ENERGY MODELING FOR PREDICTING UTILITY BILLS IS DANGEROUS Biggest factors that can throw off an energy model: Building schedule (extended hours of operation) Occupant density Plug load variations Building operator changes Unknown loads Non-typical annual weather Energy Modeling Retro Cx or M&V Process: 1. Obtain existing utility information 2. Confirm existing operating conditions (schedules, setpoints, occupancy, etc.) 3. Create and calibrate an energy model to the existing information Baseline Model 4. Identify simple low or no-cost operational changes to improve energy performance 5. Identify capital improvement options and potential payback M&V Only: 1. Identify differences in actual performance vs. the proposed building model 2. Re-calibrate energy model to match actual operation 3. Determine where improvements can be made Energy Modeling Considerations: Climate & Location Orientation Envelope Components Daylighting Internal Loads Ventilation Mechanical System Types (Case Study NMAAHC) Operating Schedules 25

33 Energy Modeling Climate & Location Typical Meteorological Year Weather Data Energy Modeling: Orientation North Peak Load (W/m2) Energy Modeling Massing 26

34 Energy Modeling Envelope Components Biggest Factor is Glazing! Energy Modeling Daylighting & Lighting Design Energy Modeling Internal Loads PEOPLE LIGHTS PLUG LOADS 27

35 Energy Modeling Mechanical System Types There are literally thousands of different system configurations and strategies. Most difficult is modeling passive solutions such as radiant floors, geothermal and displacement ventilation. Energy Modeling ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G Energy Modeling Integrated Design Rendering Courtesy of The Freelon Group Smithsonian NMAAHC 28

36 Energy Modeling Integrated Design 0.3 to to 0.25 Smithsonian NMAAHC Energy Modeling Operation Schedules FCS/ACE Plug Load vs ASHRAE Occupancy/Load Schedules - 24hr Typical Workday AMPS Panel Load ASHRAE Occupancy Schedule ASHRAE Lighting/Plug Load Schedule :00:00 AM 1:00:00 AM 2:00:00 AM 3:00:00 AM 4:00:00 AM 5:00:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 7:00:00 AM 8:00:00 AM 9:00:00 AM 10:00:00 AM 11:00:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 1:00:00 PM 2:00:00 PM 3:00:00 PM 4:00:00 PM 5:00:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 7:00:00 PM 8:00:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 11:00:00 PM 12:00:00 AM TIME Sometimes Performance Outcome Doesn t Match Expectations Measured EUI (kbtu/sf) All of these buildings meet or exceed code Design EUI (kbtu/sf) 29

37 HP Buildings Tend to be Optimistic About High Performance Actual / Design EUI (Adj2) LEEDlevel Certified Silver Gold Platinum Design EUI (Adj2) Modeling Prediction Credibility Glazing performance building orientation cooling efficiency infiltration operating hours climate weather occupant density heating efficiency duct design fan size window area HVAC control sophistication building mass interior shading occupant habits data centers kitchen equipment lighting power density filter condition wall color lighting controls - furniture configuration exterior vegetation - operable window use insulation- glazing orientation wall insulation ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use number of computers copiers and printers elevators exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio elevation photovoltaics - development density register location cooling distribution system roof insulation building manager training cool roof building surface to volume ratio building use type janitorial services metering strategies commissioning structural system acoustic treatment slab edge detailing night setback temperature ground water temperature humidity occupant dress code lamp replacement strategy roof slope daylight controls sensor calibration corporate culture lease terms utility meter characteristics parking garage ventilation HVAC system capacity number of separate tenants retail space age of equipment ceiling height heating fuel transformer capacity window mullion pattern terms of maintenance contract wall thickness building height lighting fixture layout overhangs thermostat location exit lighting private offices refrigerators solar hot water utility meter load diversity 30

38 Glazing performance building orientation cooling efficiency infiltration operating hours climate weather occupant density heating efficiency duct design fan size window area HVAC control sophistication building mass interior shading occupant habits data centers kitchen equipment lighting power density filter condition wall color lighting controls - furniture configuration exterior vegetation - operable window use insulation- glazing orientation wall insulation ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use number of computers copiers and printers elevators exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio elevation photovoltaics - development density register location cooling distribution system roof insulation building manager training cool roof building surface to volume ratio building use type janitorial services metering strategies commissioning structural system acoustic treatment slab edge detailing night setback temperature ground water temperature humidity occupant dress code lamp replacement strategy roof slope daylight controls sensor calibration corporate culture lease terms utility meter characteristics parking garage ventilation HVAC system capacity number of separate tenants retail space age of equipment ceiling height heating fuel transformer capacity window mullion pattern terms of maintenance contract wall thickness building height lighting fixture layout overhangs thermostat location exit lighting private offices refrigerators solar hot water utility meter load diversity Glazing performance building orientation cooling efficiency infiltration operating hours climate weather occupant density heating efficiency duct design fan size window area HVAC control sophistication building mass interior shading occupant habits data centers kitchen equipment lighting power density filter condition wall color lighting controls - furniture configuration exterior vegetation - operable window use insulation- glazing orientation wall insulation ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use number of computers copiers and printers elevators exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio elevation photovoltaics - development density register location cooling distribution system roof insulation building manager training cool roof building surface to volume ratio building use type janitorial services metering strategies commissioning structural system acoustic treatment slab edge detailing night setback temperature ground water temperature humidity occupant dress code lamp replacement strategy roof slope daylight controls sensor calibration corporate culture lease terms utility meter characteristics parking garage ventilation HVAC system capacity number of separate tenants retail space age of equipment ceiling height heating fuel transformer capacity window mullion pattern terms of maintenance contract wall thickness building height lighting fixture layout overhangs thermostat location exit lighting private offices refrigerators solar hot water utility meter load diversity Range of Energy Performance Outcomes SCHEDULE AND USE OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR ACTUAL SYSTEM OPERATION (Cx) MODELED SYSTEM OPERATION Energy Use 31

39 Post Occupancy Performance Study Different Players Affect Building Performance Energy Impact of Features 40% 30% EUI Increase Impact 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% EUI Decrease Impact Envelope Lighting HVAC Design O & M Tenants 32

40 Case Study GSA / Federal Center South Rendering Courtesy of ZGF Case Study Federal Center South The GSA included a financial incentive for the Design/Build team motivated to deliver a building that actually meets or exceeds the project energy performance goals. 7. CLIN 0005 M&V and Warranty Period Verification. The Government will retain a pre-determined amount of dollars from the overall contract award during performance evaluation. Release of payment for this withheld amount will be contingent upon final confirmation that the energy performance standards for the facility (i.e. actual BTU/GSF saved) have been achieved as verified by the M&V and Warranty Period testing to be conducted within 365 days from final completion. The basis for the pre-determined amount shall be equal to.5% of the proposed construction price. Offeror shall calculate the amount and enter it into CLIN 0005 of the Pricing Schedule. (CLIN 0003 X.5%). Case Study Federal Center South Graphic Courtesy of ZGF Competition Baseline Competition Goal 33

41 Case Study Federal Center South 1. Lighting Energy Savings Case Study Federal Center South Case Study Federal Center South 2. Envelope Optimization & Passive HVAC Systems 34

42 Case Study Federal Center South 3. HVAC Central Plant Optimization Case Study Federal Center South Strategy to achieve the following energy goals: Operating Energy of 27kBtu/sqft/yr (85kWh/m²/yr) 30% reduction against ASHRAE 90.1 (2007) Baseline Achieved Through: Chilled Beams (~4.9kBtu/sqft) Task/Ambient (~1.8kWh/sqft) Daylight (~3.6kWh/sqft) Thermal Storage (~2.8kWh/sqft) Rendering Courtesy of ZGF 35

43 STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAM CHILLED BEAMS PAINTED STEEL DECK PHOTO CONTROL LIGHTING DAYLIGHTING Case Study Federal Center South Next Steps: 1. Complete Construction 2. Building Systems Commissioning 3. Measurement & Verification Confirmation of sensors in operation and saving data Monitor and interpret building performance Re-calibrate energy model based on actual operation Confirm building is meeting or exceeding energy performance goals Building Performance Labels 36

44 Why Do We Need Building Performance Labels? Building Energy Asset Ratings Can facilitate direct comparisons of the potential energy performance between similar buildings (unlike LEED, Appendix G) Creates a market value for energy performance (in addition to LEED) Evaluate the energy performance of a building s assets, such as the thermal envelope (e.g. insulation, windows) and mechanical and electrical systems Independent of tenant behavior (similar to HERS for homes) Asset and operational ratings complement each other EPA provides asset ratings for homes and cars why wouldn t commercial buildings need one? European model is primarily asset rating based Courtesy of MASS DOER November 23, 2011 Presentation What are the goals for Building Performance Labeling? Establish a commercial building energy rating system that: Directly compares energy use between buildings irrespective of tenant operations; Enable market valuation of energy performance in buildings, and; Motivate comprehensive efficiency investments in existing buildings. Change Market Thinking Courtesy of MASS DOER November 23, 2011 Presentation 37

45 ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient As Designed (Asset Rating) In Operated (Operational Rating) Under Development 38

46 European Union Energy Benchmarking As Built (Asset Rating) In Use (Operational Rating) Building Labeling One Last Perspective on Setting Goals and Achieving the 2030 Challenge 39