Country report - Finland

Transcription

1 Country report - Finland New Regulatory Guides for Design and Procurement of Nuclear Fuel and Status of Operation and Construction of NPPs in Finland April 22-24, 2015, Vienna 1

2 Contents New Regulatory Guide and legal background Nuclear Reactor and Nuclear Fuel YVL B.4 Design requirements for reactor core and systems for reactivity control Design of nuclear fuel Procurement and Operation of Nuclear Fuel YVL E.2 Main principles Acceptance procedure for nuclear fuel procurement Status of operation/construction/licensing of NPPs Teollisuuden Voima Fortum Fennovoima Posiva 2

3 NEW Regulatory Guides on nuclear safety (YVL) An important milestone was reached in the field of Finnish nuclear safety regulation as the new regulatory guides on nuclear safety (YVL Guides) compiled by STUK came into effect on 1 December 2013 The new Regulatory Guides are are stricter than the old ones enable improvement of safety of nuclear facilities in Finland apply as they stand to all new nuclear facilities License holders (= power companies operating NPPs) are currently in the process of assessing how the new requirements will be applied to their operating nuclear facilities and to those currently under construction 3

4 Regulatory Guides on nuclear safety (YVL) Legal background Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987) Main objective is to ensure that use of nuclear energy is safe for man and the environment. STUK is entitled to receive all necessary information on the plans and contracts, and their grounds concerning the fabrication, quality control or handling of nuclear materials, nuclear waste, the nuclear facility and its structures and equipment, as well as any material, device and equipment The Nuclear Energy Decree (161/1988) STUK shall oversee that nuclear fuel is designed, fabricated, stored, handled and operated according to the relevant instructions and regulations However, the obligation of licensee is to assure safe use of nuclear energy, the responsibility of which cannot be transferred to any other party 4

5 Regulatory Guides on nuclear safety (YVL) Legal background Government Decree 717/2013 Organizations participating in the design, construction and operation of a nuclear power plant shall employ a management system ensuring safety and quality The objective is that safety is prioritized without exception, and quality management requirements correspond to safety significance of the function Systems, structures and components of a nuclear facility shall be grouped into Safety Classes 1, 2, and 3 and Class EYT (classified non-nuclear) * Nuclear fuel included in Safety Class 1 * primarily based on deterministic methods and supplemented, where necessary, by PRA and engineering judgment 5

6 Nuclear Fuel and Reactor YVL B.4 Design of reactor core and systems for reactivity control 1. Core structural design Requirements for reactor pressure vessel internals 2. Reactivity control Requirements for the combined effect of a nuclear reactor's physical feedbacks and reactivity control systems (two independent reactivity control systems) Reactivity control system shall be designed so that in a severe accident, the damaged reactor or its debris are maintained sub-critical 3. Design of nuclear fuel The licensee and the fuel vendor must show that the fuel can be safely operated within the entire range of planned operation Safe operation must be justified in the feasibility study of each fuel design up to the planned burn up (Normal operation, anticipated operation occurrences, Class 1 and 2 postulated accidents, design extension conditions) 4. Prevention of criticality accidents 6

7 Nuclear Fuel and Reactor YVL B.4 Design of nuclear fuel Approach to nuclear fuel design requirements The licensee and the fuel vendor must show that each fuel design can be safely operated within the entire range of planned operation up to the planned burnup There is, for example, no burnup limit in the regulation Many acceptance criteria given in YVL B.4 are indicative Alternative values may be used, if the fuel vendor can provide justification for them 7

8 Procurement and operation of nuclear fuel YVL E.2 Main principles Requirements in general form Sets requirements and time limits Emphasis on licensee s responsibility The licensee must specify their grounds for acceptance Memorandums of suitability study and construction plan Proactive approach STUK s approvals bound to procurement, manufacturing and operation steps Plans and programs of licensee to be submitted to STUK in advance and reported after implementation Evaluation of supplier s and subcontractor s QMSs* Control of manufacture* Operation control Inspection and examination* Repair* *The dates and agendas are duly informed to STUK for witnessing, overseeing and participating in the activities at its discretion 8

9 Procurement and operation of nuclear fuel YVL E.2 Acceptance procedure for nuclear fuel procurement 1. Quality Management (QM) of design and manufacture (+ A.3) Licensee s quality management guidelines Selection and evaluation of supplier by licensee 2. Suitability study (licensing documentation), fuel type specific Requirements for acceptability of nuclear fuel design (criteria in YVL B.4) 3. Construction plan, specific to each fuel delivery batch Requirements for contents (parts lists, drawings, specifications, MESPs) and submission 4. Control of manufacture of each fuel delivery batch Manufacturing surveillance visits, review of Qualifications of most important manufacturing and inspection methods Quality control records (to confirm, that criteria of construction plan are met) Non-conformities 5. Receiving inspection of each fuel delivery batch and start of operation Contents of application for operation permit 9

10 Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) Olkiluoto 1 (OL1) and Olkiluoto 2 (OL2) units TVO is owned by Finnish industry and sells electricity to its owners at production cost price Both BWR units were constructed by Asea Atom, in operation 1978 and 1980 Net output of each unit has grown from 660 MW after several upgrading campaigns up to 880 MW Both units produced total of TWh of electricity with the combined load factor of 96.0 % in 2014 Main circulation pumps and emergency diesel generators of both units will be changed in between 2015 and

11 Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) Olkiluoto 3 (OL3) unit, under construction The fifth nuclear power unit in Finland, an EPR type PWR with a net output of approximately MW by AREVA- Siemens and annual output of approximately 13 TWh Most of civil construction works were completed by the end of 2013; the pressure test of the containment up to 6 bar (design pressure 4,3 bar) was carried out successfully in January % of the piping of the plant completed last year, pipeline welding and pressure tests continue both in the turbine and reactor islands The major delay during last years has been caused by automation; testing with plant simulator and in the test field are going on now According to AREVA-Siemens OL3 EPR unit is planned to start operation in late 2018; planned turnkey construction time was from 2005 to

12 Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) Oyj Olkiluoto 4 (OL4) unit, plan The planned unit will have an power of 1,000 1,800 MW A boiling water reactor or a pressurized water reactor The Decision-in-Principle (DIP) for OL4 unit was granted by Finnish Parliament in 2010 Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) dismissed 25 September, 2014 TVO's application to extend the Decision-in- Principle Consequently, TVO has to apply for the construction permit from the Council of State latest by 1 July, 2015 or DIP will be cancelled 12

13 Fortum Loviisa 1 (LO1) and Loviisa 2 (LO2) units Fortum is a listed company with 50,76 % of shares owned by Finnish government LO1 started operating in 1977, and LO2 in 1980, both VVER-440 type pressurized water reactors Construction of Loviisa NPP was a multicultural project, in which the reactor, turbine, generator and other main components came from V/O Techsnabexport in the former Soviet Union Safety, control and automation systems were of Western origin to meet the most developed safety standards The steel containment and its ice condensers were manufactured using Westinghouse licenses 13

14 Fortum Loviisa 1 (LO1) and Loviisa 2 (LO2) units Net output of each unit is currently 496 MW Total of 7.88 terawatt hours of power was generated with combined load factor of 90.9% in 2014 Contract for automation renewal of safety systems of both units was started in 2014 and is planned to be completed by 2018 The construction of Loviisa nuclear power plant s new cooling towers has been completed, i.e. the plant is independent of seawater cooling e.g. in case of a wide-spread oil spill in the Gulf of Finland, or by exceptional natural phenomena, such as excessive, wind-borne algae colonies. 14

15 FENNOVOIMA Hanhikivi 1 unit, planned The Decision-in-Principle (DIP) for the unit was granted by Parliament in 2010 with E.ON's share of 34% and share of 66 % owned by Finnish companies After withdrawal from the project in 2012 E.ON sold its 34 % stake in Fennovoima to the Finnish majority owner Voimaosakeyhtiö SF In December 2013 Fennovoima signed a turnkey contract of the delivery of a MW AES-2006 type unit with Rusatom Overseas (RAOS, a Finnish subsidiary of Rosatom) acquiring 34 % of Fennovoima s shares 15

16 FENNOVOIMA Hanhikivi 1 unit, planned Fennovoima started a new Environmental Impact Assessment at Pyhäjoki in autumn 2013 Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) granted DIP to Fennovoima s new plant in December 2014 Fennovoima has to apply for the construction permit from the Council of State latest by 1 July, 2015 The target schedule of the plant is to produce electricity in

17 POSIVA Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel TVO has been conducting research on final disposal since the 1970s Nowadays final disposal and the related research are managed by Posiva Oy, owned jointly by TVO and Fortum To confirm the suitability of the Olkiluoto bedrock for the final disposal, Posiva carries out research in ONKALO underground facility Final disposal is planned to begin in ca ONKALO, the underground research facility for the final disposal on spent fuel 17

18 POSIVA Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel, cont d Spent nuclear fuel from the existing power plants, as well as the OL3 under construction will be packed in copper canisters and finally disposed of in the Olkiluoto bedrock, at an approximate depth of 420 meters Permission to construct the encapsulation plant and final disposal facility was granted in February

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