Large Reactor Case Study

Transcription

1 Assessment of Indonesia s Planned Nuclear Energy System using INPRO Methodology: Large Reactor Case Study Budi Setiawan Center for Radioactive Waste Management National Nuclear Energy Agency - Indonesia Technical Meeting Towards Nuclear Energy System Sustainability Waste Management and Environmental Stressors, IAEA Headquarters, Vienna - Austria May

2 CONTENTS Introduction - Indonesia s Policy on Radioactive Waste Management - Regulations Assessments - Findings - Summary Conclusion Comments 2

3 INTRODUCTION Indonesia s Policy on Radioactive Waste Management Rev of Sven Hannes 3

4 INTRODUCTION Indonesia does not have any NPP, Indonesia has 3 research reactors: Bandung, Yogyakarta and Serpong 4

5 Radioactive Waste Management Practices Objective : to protect workers, public and the environment, now and in the future without imposing undue burdens to Indonesia s future generations. 5

6 Regulations Government Reg., Acts, Policies Act No 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy, Jakarta, Act No 17 Year 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan, Jakarta, Act No 30 Year 2007 on Energy Regulation, Jakarta, Presidential Regulation No. 5 on National Energy Policy, Jakarta Government Regulation No 82 Year 2001 on Limits of Radioactivity in the Environment, Jakarta, Government Regulation No 27 Year 2002 on Radioactive Waste Management, Jakarta, Government Regulation No 33 Year 2007 on Safety of Ionizing Radiation and Security of Radioactive Source, Jakarta, 2007 Government Regulation No. 29/2011 on the Tariff for BATAN Services, Jakarta, 2011 Government Regulation No 54 Year 2012 on Safety and Security of Nuclear Installation, Jakarta, Government Regulation No 61 Year 2013 on Radioactive Waste Management, Jakarta, 2013 Government Regulation No 2 Year 2014 on Licensing on Nuclear Installation and Utilization of Nuclear Materials, Jakarta, Government Regulation No 79 Year 2014 on National Energy Policy, Jakarta, Ministry of Environment Regulation No 51 on Standard of Quality of Sea Water, Jakarta, Ministry of Environment Regulation No 8 Year 2009 on Effluent Standards for Thermal Power Generation, Jakarta, Ministry of Energy And Mineral Resources, "Personnel Competency Standard for Operation and Maintenance of NPP," Jakarta, BAPETEN BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 1 Year 1999 on Provisions for Occupational Safety Against Radiation, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 2 Year 1999 on Radioactive Limit in the Environment, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 1 Rev 2 Year 2004, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 3 Year 2006 on Licensing of Non-Reactor Nuclear Facility, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 10 Year 2006 on Establishing of Safety Analysis Report of Non- Reactor Nuclear Facility, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 9 Year 2006 on Implementation of Additional Protocol to the Accountability and Control of Nuclear Material, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 11 Year 2007 on the Safety of Non-Reactor Nuclear Facility Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 1 Year 2009 on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Installations and Nuclear Material, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 4 Year 2011, Jakarta, 2011 BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 7 Year 2013 on Limits of Radioactivity in the Environment, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 4 Year 2013 on Radiation Protection and Safety in Nuclear Utilization, Jakarta, 2013 BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No 4 Year 2014 on Limits and Operating Conditions of Non-Reactor Nuclear Installation, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Decree No. 3 Year 2014 on Document Arrangement of Environmental Impact Analysis in Nuclear Energy, Jakarta, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation Draft on Developing Regulatory Guidance on Security Culture". BATAN doc., Reports, Studies BATAN Standard SB 009-BATAN, 2010 Guidance on Management System Requirements for Security, Jakarta BATAN, "Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia, TR- 001/REN01/PEN5," Jakarta, BATAN Chairman Regulation No 200 Year 2012 on Safety Culture, Jakarta, PTBN-BATAN, Integrated Quality Assurance Program of the Centre for Nuclear Fuel Technology (REV-1 No. JM 01 F01 002), Serpong, April 3, BATAN, Physical Protection Program of the Center for Nuclear Fuel and Technology, Serpong,. Indonesia National Report, Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Jakarta Others ICRP, "Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Public in Radiological Emergency," ICRP, "Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection," ICRP Publication 103,

7 ASSESSMENT LLW/ILW PROCESS INTERIM STORAGE DISPOSAL (NSD) NPP RE-EXPORT DISPOSAL (DGD) SPENT FUEL COOLING I S S F 7

8 Large Reactor-LR1 Based on electricity demand in Jawa-Madura-Bali system, Large reactor, called as LR1 - characteristics and features 8

9 BP : 4 UR : 7 CR : 17 9

10 BP1 Waste Management UR 1.1 Reduction of Waste at the Source CR Waste Characteristics CR Minimization Study 10

11 CR

12 12

13 Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Waste Characteristics AL1.1.1 ALARP Partially met The LR1 are minimized at the design stage when compared to the values from the reference plant, Further clarification of the activity values is required from the designer, No sufficient data is yet available for the amount of chemically toxic elements. Needs clarification from the vendor/designer 13

14 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks The LR1 designer claims that the gaseous, liquid and solid radwaste systems have been designed to minimize. IN Minimization Study AL1.1.2 The study, strategies and plans are available Met Several research and minimization studies to support routine operation, R&D activities to meet the future needs have also been performed, In the Act No. 10/1997, NPP spent fuel shall be put in the final disposal, 14

15 BP2 Protection of HH&E UR 2.1 Protection of HH CR Public Dose CR Occupational Dose CR Chemical Toxics 15

16 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Estimated dose rate to an individual of the critical group AL2.1.1 Meets regulatory standards of specific Member State. Met BAPETEN Chairman Reg. No.01/Ka.BAPETEN/V-99 on Provision for Occupational Safety Against Radiation, LR1 Environment Report, Experience in WM in Indonesia. 16

17 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Radiological exposure of workers. AL2.1.2 Meets regulatory standards of specific Member State. Met BAPETEN Chairman Reg. No.01/Ka.BAPETEN/V-99 on Provision for Occupational Safety Against Radiation: Whole body exposure, local body exposure, planned special exposure. For LR1 is estimated, 1.02 msv << national limit, 50 msv. 17

18 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Estimated concentrations of chemical toxins in working areas. AL2.1.3 Meets regulatory standards of specific Member State. Not met There is no information available on estimated concentrations of toxins in working areas of LR1. Needs information from the vendor/designer on estimated concentrations of toxin in working areas, Inserts regulation of concentrations limit of toxin in working areas 18

19 UR 2.2 Protection of Environment CR Release from WM Facilities CR Release from All Other INS Facilities 19

20 CR

21 Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Estimated release of RNs and chemical toxins from WM facilities. AL2.2.1 Meets regulatory standards of specific Member State. Met Releases from the waste management facility as part of the overall release of LR1 plant, have met the limits specified by the regulatory body. 21

22 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Estimated releases of radionuclides and chemical toxins from all other INS facilities. AL2.2.1 Meets regulatory standards of specific Member State. Not met no national discharge limits established yet for the radionuclides, Establish regulation of concentrations limit of RNs discharge 22

23 BP3 Burden on Future Generations CR Technology UR 3.1 End States CR Time for Tech. Dev. CR Resources CR Safety CR Time for End States 23

24 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Availability of technology. AL3.1.1 All required technology is currently available or reasonably expected to be available on a schedule compatible with the schedule for introducing the proposed innovative fuel cycle. Not met Indonesia has a centralized WM facility, Indonesia has not yet considered the permanent site of DGD. Site for DGD facility shall be approved with House of Representative 24

25 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Time required. AL3.1.2 Any time required to bring the technology to the industrial scale must be less than the time specified to achieve the end state. Not met Indonesia has plans toward establishing final disposal of LILW but with no specific time or detailed schedule. Experience from repositories in other countries shall be used to estimate the time required to adopt the required technology. NSD facility is estimated operate in

26 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Availability of resources. AL3.1.3 Resources (funding, space, capacity, etc.) available for achieving the end state compatible with the size and growth rate of the energy system. Not met At present most resources come from the government s budget, in the future the owner of commercial NPP will have to contribute to the resources The owner of Commercial NPP or waste producer shall be responsible to cost/resources 26

27 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Safety of the end state (longterm expected dose to an individual of the critical group). AL3.1.4 Meet regulatory standards of specific Member State. Not met The safety of the end state can be demonstrated with the availability of a safety case, Indonesia at present does not have a safety case yet for its planned LLW disposal, Requirements to protect the people and environment against radioactivity: BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 01 and No. 02/Ka.BAPETEN/V-99. Recommended to establish safety case for NSD or DGD facility 27

28 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Time to reach the end state. AL3.1.5 As short as reasonably practicable. Not met Has regulation related to design and construction of deep geological disposal facility, BATAN s planned schedule for the development of a demonstration or prototype disposal facility for cleared waste, The country current does not concern with the siting of permanent deep geological disposal. 28

29 UR 3.2 Attribution of WM Cost CR Cost 29

30 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Specific line item in the cost estimate. AL3.12. Included Not met The regulation of cost estimation of radioactive waste management from NPP has not yet been made. Cost estimation of the management of generated waste from NPP operation need to be arranged. 30

31 BP4 Waste Optimation UR 4.1 Waste Classification CR Classification Scheme 31

32 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Specific line item in the cost estimate. AL4.1.1 The scheme permits unambigu ous, practical segregation and measurement of waste arisings. Met Classification scheme can be found in Government Regulation No. 61/2013, BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 16/2012 on Clearance Level. 32

33 UR 4.2 Predisposal WM CR Time for Waste Form Production CR Technical Measures CR Process Description 33

34 Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Time to produce the waste form specified for the end state AL4.2.1 As short as reasonably practicable Not met The forms of waste for the end state are, - LLW cemented form as already practised at Serpong center (also for ILW) - ILW cement grouted or encapsulated in drums and boxes - HLW/Spent fuel copper or steel canisters The availability of canisters to contain the spent fuel should be available within the given time 34

35 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Technical indicators, - Criticality, - Heat removal, - Radioactive emission, - Radiation protection (shielding etc.), - Volume / activity reduction, - Waste forms. AL4.2.2 Criteria as prescribed by regulatory bodies of specific Member States Met Measures can be found in the BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 04/Ka. BAPETEN/2014 on Limits and Operating Conditions of Non- Reactor Nuclear Installation 35

36 CR Indicator (IN) Acceptance Limit (AL) Judgment Remarks IN Process descriptions that encompass the entire waste life cycle. AL4.2.3 Complete chain of processes from generation to final end state and sufficiently detailed to make evident the feasibility of all steps. Met For LLW/ILW radwaste management procedure, NES better than CNES, For HLW, the SF would place in a deep stable geological formation with multiple barrier isolation system 36

37 Conclusion Assessment on the area of waste management in this study should be considered as the preliminary assessment. Additional information and detailed analysis for some indicators are required. Results for many indicators identified the gaps to be fulfilled. Estimate concentration and quantitative data of toxic elemts in working areas. Establish National discharge limits for RNs and toxic elements. Prepare safety case, plan and sp.schedule of end state applying ALARP concept. Perform studies on resources for commercial NPP and its regulation for future owner. Studies on cost estimates for WM of NPP, incl. long-term monitoring and institutional arrangement post closure. 37

38 Comments INPRO Methodology has appropriately and helpfully to the newcomers. Prepare the regulation, plan and schedule, Introduction of institution or infrastructure for WM of NPP. 38

39 Thank You 39