Dutch Slough Tidal Marsh and Floodplain Restoration Project

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1 Dutch Slough Tidal Marsh and Floodplain Restoration Project

2 Project Goals 1. A large-scale, locally supported restoration project with shoreline access as well as educational, recreational, and economic opportunities 2. Restoration of the Dutch Slough properties to a fully functioning, self-sustaining ecosystem that includes diverse habitats 3. Significantly contribute to scientific understanding of tidal marsh and floodplain restoration under an adaptive management framework

3 Species and Habitat Objectives Juvenile salmon rearing habitat Splittail spawning and rearing habitat Potential Delta smelt spawning habitat Intertidal marsh with dendritic channels Diverse habitat types for native upland and aquatic species

4 Site Location BIG BREAK MARSH CREEK EMERSON PARCEL (438 Acres) JERSEY ISLAND GILBERT PARCEL (292 Acres) CITY PROPERTY DUTCH SLOUGH BURROUGHS PARCEL (436 Acres) CONTRA COSTA CANAL CITY PROPERTY JERSEY ISLAND ROAD CYPRESS ROAD N

5 Antioch Oakley Dutch Slough Restoration Site Knightsen

6 Sacramento River San Joaquin River To SF Bay Dutch Slough Mt Diablo Proposed Habitat Corridor Dutch Slough is part of a habitat corridor extending from Suisun Marsh, Browns Island, and Sherman Lake

7 SAN JOAQUIN JERSEY LITTLE BREAK/ DUPONT BIG BREAK REGIONAL IRONHOUSE SANITARY DISTRICT DUTCH OAKLE MARSH CREEK Dutch Slough is adjacent to Big Break, which may be restored in the future N

8 San Joaquin River 1904 Dutch Slough San Joaquin River 1939 Big Break Regional Shoreline Babbe s Landing Restoration Project Boundaries Historical Boundary of Dutch Slough and San Joaquin River

9

10 Soils of the Marsh Creek Watershed Rainfall in the Marsh Creek Watershed

11 Principle Opportunities, Constraints and Design Concepts to Address Key Constraints

12 Principle Opportunities

13 Elevation One of few sites in the Delta with suitable elevation for tidal marsh restoration Minimal fill needed Above Sea Level Sea Level to to and deeper

14

15 Topographic Diversity Potential for restoration of diverse habitats Low marsh High marsh Riparian habitat Upland transition zones, including dune scrub habitat and habitat islands Minimal grading

16 Marsh Creek Dutch Slough Emerson Slough Little Dutch Slough Jersey Island Road Current Topography and Potential Habitat -9 to -4 Sub-tidal Water Habitat Current Topography -4 to Emergent Marsh to 3.07 Intertidal Marsh 3.07 to 5 Seasonal Inundation Contra Costa Canal 5 to 8 Riparian and Grassland Species Habitat 8 + Dune Habitat MLLW ~ MHHW ~ 3.07

17 annual high water 6 0 Marsh Creek Seasonal wetland Antioch dune scrub Seasonal freshwater tidal marsh Intertidal freshwater marsh Emergent marsh and shallow water Emerson Slough MHHW 3 MLLW-O.35 Representative cross section of restored Emerson parcel

18 Soil Diversity Enhances habitat diversity Enables studies of marsh evolution and restoration

19 Relict dunes with Delhi sands create an opportunity to restore Antioch dunes and dune species

20 Proximity to Diverse Species Sacramento splittail and Delta smelt Congregate in Suisun Marsh, the western Delta, and Big Break Chinook salmon, pass through the Delta by Dutch Slough and spawn in Marsh Creek

21 Animal Species California Black Rail (CBR) Curved-Foot Hygrotus Diving Beetle (HDB) Northern Harrier Hawk (NHH) Silvery Legless Lizard (SLL) Tri-Colored Blackbird (TCB) White-Tailed Kite (WTK) Yellow-Breasted Chat (YBC) Plant Species Antioch Evening Primrose (AE) California Black rail Yellow- Breasted Chat Special status species found near, but not on the Dutch Slough site

22 Big Break Dutch Slough Sediment Marsh Creek Water supply Marsh Creek is adjacent to restoration site 1999 USGS

23 Annual Rainfall Totals for Brentwood (wy ) 35 Marsh Creek Hydrology Rainfall (in) average Peak Flow (cfs) Annual Maximal Peak Flows for Marsh Creek ( ) Marsh Creek Gauge Water Year Spill from Reservoir* *Peaks muted by Marsh Creek Dam, but include inflow from Briones Creek

24 Existing and Historical Marsh Creek Channel Cross Section Between Contra Costa Canal and the Mouth of Marsh Creek at Dutch Slough Elevation (ft) Station (ft) Pre Channel 1958 Flood Control Channel Design Existing 2000 Channel

25 Public BIG JERSE ISLAND DUTCH Access Planning restoration and public access together MARSH TRAIL FUTURE CITY PARK SITE (55 CITY WATERFRONT ACCESS (8 TRAIL Shoreline access is rare in the Delta CYPRESS FUTUR HOMES CCWD CANAL N Proximity to urban communities, and Marsh Creek Trail Potential to link with other environmental educational efforts City, Delta Science Center, and Community College

26 The historic Gilbert house is located on the City s 55-acre community park The historic Ironhouse school house, owned by the Emerson family, may be relocated to the community park site

27 Levees Possible to increase habitat while maintaining integrity of levee Provide access and trails

28 JERSEY ISLAND MARSH CREEK EMERSO PARCEL GILBER PARCEL BURROUGH PARCEL NEW LEVEE Improve Jersey Island Road Provide flood emergency evacuation for Bethel and Jersey Island residents N Levees create three separate parcels

29 Sloughs Three deep, wide sloughs dissect the site

30 Cross sections of Emerson Slough 0 Horizontal Distance (ft) Depth (ft)

31 Contra Costa Canal Buffer Inundation barrier

32 Constraints

33 MARSH CREEK N EMERSO PARCEL JERSEY ISLAND GILBER PARCEL BURROUGH PARCEL Levees must be maintained to prevent: Wind fetch Wave erosion on adjacent islands Salinity increase NEW LEVEE ON JERSEY ISLAND ROAD Levees Construction of new levee on Burroughs parcel before restoration of Burroughs parcel can proceed

34 Water Quality: Run-off Drainage and stormwater runoff from Cypress Corridor development into Emerson Slough High nutrient content from dairy waste

35 Run-off from Marsh Creek watershed may threaten water quality

36 Water Quality: Salinity Restoration/inundation of new tidal wetlands can impact salinity levels at drinking water intakes (such as Rock Slough) Extent of impact dependent on location of new wetlands and size of levee breaches Contra Costa Water District Service Area

37 Tidally averaged salinity time series at Old River at Bacon Island for base and Dutch Slough levee breach simulations Tidally averaged percent change in base salinity for Dutch Slough levee breach on May 31, 1992

38 Mt. Diablo Mercury Mine On Dunn Creek Water Quality: Methylmercury Mercury mine upstream in Marsh Creek watershed Methylization occurs in wetlands

39 Water Quality: Dissolved Organic Carbons (DOC) Fundamental conflict between restoration and drinking water Monitor types and quantity of DOC coming off the site Accommodate experimental research in design Levee breaches may affect DOC

40 Groundwater Impacts Knightsen septic system Water table is currently only 18 below surface in Knightsen Intrusion into Contra Costa Canal Oakley Dutch Slough Restoration Site Knightsen

41 Overabundance of Shallow Sub-tidal Water Habitat Flooding without grading would create too much shallow sub-tidal water habitat Limited fill onsite Expensive to import fill

42 Invasive Fish Species Bluegill Large mouth bass Threadfin shad Invasive fish species prey on native fish species

43 Invasive Plant Species Giant Reed (Arundo donax) Brazilian water weed (Egeria densa) Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

44 Mosquito Management Minimizing mosquitoes and other vectors on the site, especially West Nile Virus Contra Costa County Mosquito and Vector Control District will require strict measures to monitor and control mosquitoes and vectors

45 Maintain Integrity of the Contra Costa Canal High water overtopping Seepage of saline water into the Canal Erosion of canal bank

46 Existing Infrastructure on Property Ironhouse Sanitary District pipeline Natural gas wells 11 wells on the Burroughs and Gilbert parcels 1 well in operation on Burroughs property 10 wells scheduled to be plugged and abandoned as condition of sale to DWR Mineral rights and constrained surface rights are being retained by the owners Future exploration will need to be accommodated Surface entry rights will be restricted to 1.5 acres on each parcel

47 PG&E electrical lines PG&E maintaining easement Transmission towers provide habitat for predators and electrocute birds Footings may have to be reinforced if site is flooded

48 PG&E natural gas pipeline PG&E maintaining easement

49 Possible Design Features to Address Key Constraints

50 Minimizing Invasive Plant and Fish Species Reduce area of subtidal marsh and maximize area of intertidal marsh Create a dendritic channel network Manipulate salinity and water levels to favor natives and discourage exotics

51 Locate subtidal shallow water areas at the terminus of tidal sloughs rather than the mouth

52 Reducing Area of Sub-tidal Shallow Water Habitat Excavate high areas and fill low areas Deep excavation of selected subtidal areas for fill of other low areas Import fill material from other Delta sites Divert Marsh Creek and it sediment load into site Partition deepest subtidal areas Establish tule vegetation prior to tidal inundation Use control structures such as nekton gates to create muted or microtidal wetlands

53 Prevent Erosion of Interior Levee Bank - Stability 09 MHHW 3 MLLW 0-3 leee Maintain integrity of interior levees by grading slope 5:1 or 10:1

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