Key Principles for Global Action to Reduce & Control HFC Emissions By Andrea Voigt, EPEE

Transcription

1 Key Principles for Global Action to Reduce & Control HFC Emissions By Andrea Voigt, EPEE

2 EPEE: the voiceof the heating, coolingand refrigeration industry in Europe 1. Small medium large size entreprises 2. Over 200,000 direct employees, over 30bn turnover 3. Production throughout Europe 4. Using all types of refrigerants 5. Representing the full valuechainofthe heating, cooling and refrigeration sector

3 1. Introduction

4 The Goal andhowtogetthere (1) Containment (2) Competence (3) Lower GWP HFC Emission Control & Reduction Safety EnergyEfficiency Affordability (4) Standards

5 (1) WhyContainment Leaks! Increase cost! Increase emissions! Increase energy use Source: IIR 2010

6 (2) WhyCompetence Typcial Annual Refill Rate (%) in Germany 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Centralised Systems Condensing Units Industry Multisplit / VRF Chillers Source: Ökorecherche et al Systems withhigh shareofmanualworkon site have highest leakage rates Leakagesoccuroftenat jointsandpipeworkdue to vibrations and pulsations

7 (3) WhyLowerGWP Containment allows stabilising emissions in Europe Forfurtherreduction, a movetowardslowergwp refrigerants is needed Source: EU Commission

8 (4) WhyStandards & Codes GWP Safety is nonnegotiable Standards & Codes need adaptation to allow for increased use of flammables Workforce needs skills

9 TwoApproaches OneGoal Phase-down in theeu andjapan

10 The Phase-Down Concept Not refrigerant specific: Based on CO2-equivalent Technology neutral Accelerates move towards lower GWP refrigerants Encourages containment& endof-life recovery Promotes recycling Fosters innovation and competitiveness yet helps to reach environmental objectives Photo: BSRIA

11 The PrincipleofCO 2 -Equivalent R-404A R-134a 39.22t CO2-eq* 14.30t CO2-eq* CO 2 -eq reduction: Reduce GWP Reduce charge Containment Recovery 10 kg GWP kg GWP 1430 *kg x GWP

12 HFC Phase-Down rulesin theeu & Japan: TwoApproaches OneGoal HFC emission reduction TOP DOWN Containment Competence BOTTOM - UP The Phase-down targets bulk refrigerant producers& importers in EU Start fromhistoricbaseline = CO 2 -equivalents placedon themarket Emissions increase due to market growth compensated bycontainment& competence measures, end of life recovery The shape of the Phase-down is determined top-down by calculating reduction steps fromthehistoricbaseline. The Phase-down targets equipment manufacturers& importers of equipment in Japan Target Index ofweightedgwp per equipment application segment The shapeofthephase-down isa bottom-upresultofapplyingthetarget Indexes, containment and competence measures, end of life recovery. No top-down reduction steps are calculated from historic baseline

13 The EU Phase-Down 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% -7% -37% -55% TOP DOWN 40% 30% 20% 10% -69% -76% -79% 0%

14 The JapanesePhase-Down With Measures BAU (Business as Usual) -25% vsbau -40% vs. BAU -52% vs. BAU Av Y 2015 Y 2020 Y 2025 BOTTOM -UP Equipment Category Target Index (TI) Residential a/c Light commercial a/c Car a/c Condensing Units & stationary ref. Largeref. Warehouses Hard Urethane foam Dust blower Target Year TI = Σ(kg x GWP) refrigerant / Σkg Source: JRAIA

15 ConclusionsfromtheEU & JP All RoadsleadtoRome A phase-down canbeachievedin a variety of different ways; Containment, Competence andend oflife recoveryarepartofthe equation; To ensure energy efficiency, safety and affordability, a thorough segmentation of the market and the development of technology roadmaps are crucial

16 EPEE PrinciplesforGlobal Action

17 The 5 Key PrinciplesforGlobal Action 1. A strong emphasis on energy efficiency Use Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) to assess alternatives 2. Control measures to reduce HFC consumption Containment Competence Phase-down principle 3. A flexible approach Distinguish between Article 2 and Article 5 countries Set adaptive baseline to incorporate growth 4. The establishment of solid data Segment the market Establish technology roadmaps per segment Build on existing experience 5. Maintain regulatory certainty about ODS Do not delay phase-out of ozone-depleting substances

18 A Flexible Approach Art. 5 Art. 2 Population growth, fast urbanisation, electrification and changes in consumer behaviour Development of the cold chain, especially commercial refrigeration, and the automobile industry (MAC) Measures need to be tailored to regions, climate and market dynamics Dialoguewithlocalplayersin bothart. 5 andart. 2 countries is crucial Source: Velders et al.

19 A Thorough Segmentation of the Market as the Basis for Technology Roadmaps Examples: New UNEP Factsheets HFC Workshop 2015 (available here); SKM EnvirosHFC phase-down study(

20 An Adaptive Baseline HFC phase-down HCFC / CFC phase-out Many HFC alternatives are flammable, or toxic or operate at high pressure The Baseline (in particular Art. 5 countries) needs to incorporate growth Model market growth ( Business-as-Usual - BAU) Model refrigerant choices by segment to identify total refrigerant needs over time Calculate reduction steps from BAU Scenarios based on anticipated refrigerant needs Example: Modelling of refrigerant choices for MT Condensing Units Source: SKM Enviros 2012

21 Conclusions EPEE calls for Global Action to Reduce HFC Emissions A global frameworkwill giveadditional impetus to large scale market evolution Containment, competence and consumption controlmeasurescomplementeachotherin reducing HFC emissions A phase-down canbeachievedin a variety of different ways A thoroughsegmentationofthemarket, assessment of alternatives and anticipation of market growth will prevent policy makers from making mistakes Industry has solutions, experience anda solid trackrecord Any framework needs to provide for time to adapt standards, building codes and the skills of the workforce

22 Thankyouforyourattention! Contact details: EPEE 46 Avenue des Arts 1000 Brussels, Belgium Web: Linkedin: EPEE Secretariat 22