Continous Carbonate Looping Tests in a 1 MWth Pilot Plant

Transcription

1 Petersenstrasse Darmstadt / Germany Phone: Continous Carbonate Looping Tests in a 1 MWth Pilot Plant Bernd Epple, J.Kremer, J.Ströhle September 2 th - 3 th, th High Temperature Solid Looping Network Meeting VENUE: CAMBRIDGE

2 Outline Carbonate looping process 1 MW th pilot plant for carbonate and chemical looping investigations 1 MW th carbonate looping pilot plant Results of continuous CO 2 capture tests in 1 MW th pilot plant Conclusions 1

3 Carbonate Looping Process Decarbonised flue gas CO 2 to compression CARBONATOR T = 650 C CaCO 3 CALCINER T = 900 C Make-up CaCO 3 Fuel CaO Flue gas from power plant Ash and deactivated material Oxygen Low energy penalty (~3 % points without CO 2 compression) Applicable as retrofit Increased total power output (repowering) High CO 2 capture efficiencies Cheap and widely available sorbent Low CO 2 avoidance costs 2

4 Quelle: Alstom WaiGaoQiao Coal Fired Power Plant 2 x 980 MWel

5 Carbonate looping plant CO reduced 2 flue gas CO compression 2 ESP Carbonator Q 2 Q C 900 C ESP Q 1 CaO CaCO 3 Flue gas from reference plant FGD Fan CaCO 3 3 O 2 Coal ASU Q 3 CaO/CaCO 3 Source: TU Darmstadt increase of electrical capacity of the power plant by ~50 %. ~6 % points efficiency drop (incl. CO 2 compression), ~87 % CO 2 capture CO 2 avoidance costs ~20 /tonco 2 4

6 Sketch of a Carbonate Looping Unit Carbonate looping unit for one flue gas cleaning train (of in total two parallel trains) for post-combustion CO 2 capture of 1052 MW el hard coal fired plant. Calciner *37 m² 1,3 5 1,2 1. To steam generator 2. Flue gas w/o CO 2 3. CO 2, H 2 O 4. Flue gas after FGD (one of two paths) 5. Cyclones Carbonator *194 m² 1,2 1,3 Calciner *37 m² Source: TU Darmstadt 4 *:horizontal cross section 5

7 EST Pilot Plant at Campus TU Darmstadt 6

8 EST Pilot Plant 1 MW th pilot plant for carbonate investigations CFB 600 CFB 400 Inner diameter of CFB 600 mm 400 m Outer diameter of CFB (refractory lined) 1.3 m 1.0 m Height of CFB 8.66 m m Carbonate looping Carbonator Calciner 7

9 Hot Commissioning, Aug 2010 CFB 600 Carbonator /Air Reactor CFB 600 Riser Start up Burner Nozzle Grid Deassembly 8

10 Hot Commissioning, Aug 2010 CFB600,Operation of Start-up Burner 9

11 Experimental Setup of Pilot Plant Stack Decarbonised flue gas Carbonate looping CO 2 + H 2 O Stack ID Fan Filter Fly ash Heat exchanger Gas analysis CO, CO 2, NO, SO 2, O 2 Heat exchanger Filter Fly ash ID Fan FI Flow measurement Flow control Fluidised bed Carbonator T = 650 C Cyclone Make-up CaCO 3 CaCO 3 Coal Cyclone Fluidised bed Calciner T = 900 C Propane FI Air Preheating Air Synthetic flue gas FI CaO FI Air Oxygen enriched air Propane Preheating FI CO2 Air Air O2 Primary air fan Primary air fan 10

12 Experiments in 1 MW th Pilot Plant Operational experience at EST: > 2000 h of fluidised bed operation in coupled mode Sep 2010: July 2011: Jan 2012: Feb 2012: Campaigns: Continuous CO 2 capture in carbonator alternating CO 2 capture and regeneration tests in one reactor CO 2 capture in carbonator, calciner propanefired CO 2 capture in carbonator, calciner propanefired CO 2 capture in carbonator, calciner coal-fired Carbonator fluidised by a synthetic flue gas Calciner propane-fired (campaign propane) Calciner coal-fired (campaign coal) More than 300 h of CO 2 capture operation 11

13 Campaign Coal Results of 20 hours of CO 2 capture (calciner coal-fired) Carbonator Calciner O 2 inlet concentration CO 2 absorption carbonator Total CO 2 capture CO 2 conc. in calciner flue gas Max. CO 2 absorption carbonator: 88 % Max. total capture efficiency: 93 % 12

14 Further Work Carbonate Looping Test with flue gas from 1 MW th coalfired combustion chamber Influence of circulating solid flow and make-up flow on CO 2 capture efficiency Optimisation of operating conditions Investigations of process improvements Swirl burner Water-cooled membrane walls Water-cooled tube bundles 13

15 Acknowledgements COORETEC Project LISA - Limestone based Absorption of CO 2 14

16 Process Improvement Indirectly heated carbonate looping process Decarbonised flue gas CO 2 to compression CARBONATOR T = 650 C CaCO 3 CaO CALCINER T = 900 C Heat COMBUSTOR T = 1000 C Flue gas from power plant Air Fuel Standard carbonate looping Design and erection of 300 kw th indirectly heated carbonate looping test rig 15

17 Conclusions more than 2000 h of coupled CFB mode operation under hot conditions Continuous CO 2 capture tests in 1 MW th carbonate looping pilot plant More than 300 h of CO 2 capture operation within different campaigns Presented campaigns with stable operation Calciner coal-fired High CO 2 capture efficiencies >80 % CO 2 absorption in carbonator >90 % total CO 2 capture (carbonator + oxyfuel-fired calciner) Strong dependence of CO 2 absorption in carbonator on temperature Successful commissioning of chemical looping pilot plant 16

18 Thank you for your attention! 17