Integration of Renewable Energy Resources: a European Perspective

Transcription

1 Patrick Van Hove Research Policy Officer European Commission Research & Innovation Integration of Renewable Energy Resources: a European Perspective International Conference on Integration, Kyoto, 18 November 2014

2 Outline Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System European level energy RD&D strategy The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan European-level Research and Innovation Programme Horizon2020 Programme

3 European Energy & Climate Policy Three pillars of energy policy: Sustainability Security of supply Competitiveness Actions: Energy-Climate policies, security of supply Market liberalisation and integration RD&D Strategic Energy Technologies plan A trajectory for the long term :

4 European Targets for 2030 (agreed 10/2014) % Greenhouse Gas Emissions 20% Renewable Energy 20 % Energy Efficiency 10 % Interconnection % Greenhouse Gas Emissions 27 % Renewable Energy 27% Energy Efficiency 15 % Interconnection 2050 ambitions 80-95% Greenhouse Gas Emissions Increased Renewable Energy * Increased Energy Efficiency 27% renewable energy in 2030: up to 45% renewable electricity

5 Current status of renewables in the EU Wind Power: (end 2013) Capacity 117 GW, energy 233 TWh Offshore 6 GW, 24 TWh EU share of electricity from wind 7.8% Denmark, Portugal, Lithuania, Spain, Ireland > 15% Solar Energy: (end 2013) Total PV capacity: 81.5 GW Concentrated solar: 2.3 GW EU share of electricity from solar : 3% Much larger in Germany, Spain, Italy Overall EU Power system: 1,000 GW capacity, 3,300 TWh generation EU installed wind capacity

6 Outline Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System European level energy RD&D strategy The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan European-level Research and Innovation Programme Horizon2020 Programme

7 Integration of Renewable Energy Market integration of renewables First phase incentives: feed-in tariffs, priority dispatch, others Cross-border electricity market integration Importance of intraday markets Technical integration of renewables Large numbers of distributed generators, new structure of power system Balancing requires more flexibility in the power system Balancing over large areas increases long-distance flows: capacity needs Integration with other energy infrastructure (gas, heat, cold, etc.) requires important changes in the power system

8 RES Integration Highlights Locally, very high shares of renewables Technologies and solutions developed, experience gained. Example 1: Very high share of wind power in Northern Germany Example 2: Very high share of PV power in Southern Italy Example 3: Offshore wind integration in the North Sea

9 Germany: High share wind (EWE, N-W DE) RES-generation capacity > 227% of regional peak demand. 97% RES installations connected to distribution network RES generation 70% of total electricity consumption in EWE AG The real challenge of renewables: integration into the distribution grids

10 Correlation of RES generation with demand Forward & Reverse Flows day change day change day change MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW 500 MW 500 MW 0 MW Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Electricity load 10 Forward flow Reverse flow 0 MW

11 Investments due to RES (m ) Smart Grids reduce RES integration CAPEX year BAU approach Smart Grid light Smart Grid full Copper and iron strategies and frameworks do not provide cost-efficient RES integration for the future. 11 EWE AG The real challenge of renewables: integration into the distribution grids 11

12 Italy: huge increase of RES observed in the last 5 years Italy: Large increase of PV ( ) Low load density areas; sunny and flat zones favour the installation of large solar PV plants Solar PV penetration Cuneo province plants for MW installed to date* 9692 plants 518 MW installed* Puglia region Cumulative Power Connected [MW] in Puglia *source: GSE, atlasole

13 Distributed PV generation higher than load reverse power flow to the HV network Puglia network flow from HV to MV grid Substation in Cuneo area: Net power injected through Enel network Generation > Demand Significant reverse power flows require adequate technologies and accurate network management Reverse power flow (% of HV/MV sections with reverse flow for more than 5% of time in the year) 7% +157% 18% *source: GSE, atlasole

14 Smart grids solutions Generation forecasting Real-time monitoring Voltage regulation Remote control & automation Emergency measures Information exchange with market players and TSO Consumer benefits Generation & consumption Voltage quality Fast restoration Building blocks, integrated through Broad Band infrastructure connecting main nodes of the distribution network - Interoperability

15 Integration of Off-shore wind (North Seas) Offshore wind deployment in the North Sea: Capacity factors: 40 >50% Limited Nimby effect End 2013: 6 GW; National plans 2020: 40 GW Technological and economic challenge!

16 Integration of Off-shore wind: planning Large areas planned for deployment of off-shore wind Offshore grid for wind integration: 10-Year Network Development Plan (ENTSO-E) Studies 2030 Integration with plans for on-shore long-distance network ehighway2050 project

17 Integration of Off-shore wind: technology Increasing the size of turbines Reducing all other cost items Pushing the limits of off-shore connections: >100 km sea cables, high power HVDC Technology Coordinated solutions Meshed solutions

18 Outline Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System European level energy RD&D strategy The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan European-level Research and Innovation Programme Horizon2020 Programme

19 The Strategic Energy Technologies Plan Technology action supporting European energy policy Accelerate technology development, technology transfer & uptake Reference for coordinated European and national technology innovation Enhance European competitiveness in low-carbon technologies 2020 perspective: European Industrial Initiatives public-private partnerships for short to medium term European Electricity Grids Initiative EEGI beyond 2020: European Energy Research Alliance joint programming for medium to long term EERA Joint Programme Smart Grids - ELECTRA SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 2014 Holistic view of energy system Integrate consumers, demand-side actions

20 The European Electricity Grids Initiative Main drivers: Integrating up to 35% of Renewable electricity by 2020, more later on Integrating national networks and markets into a pan-european network Engaging active customers in energy efficiency and markets New challenges from renewable electricity Generation far from consumption need more grid capacity Variability of renewables need flexibility from generation, active demand, interconnections, storage From 100's to millions of supply points need active distribution, automation

21 Smart Grid RD&D projects in Europe Strong commitment to development & deployment of smart grids in Europe 459 RD&D projects 45% R&D, 55% Demonstration 3,150 M investment 73% Demonstration Predominance of national projects Smart Grid Projects Outlook ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

22 SET Plan Energy Research Alliance - EERA Joint programmes to integrate research activities & resources of national research centres and accelerate R&D Longer-term complement to industrial initiatives Wind energy, Solar energy, Bioenergy, Electricity grids, CCS, Materials for Nuclear, Fuel cells and Hydrogen, Smart Cities Joint programmes in new areas Geothermal energy, marine energy, energy storage, materials for energy >150 research institutes and universities involved Joint programmes with >2000 full-time equivalent researchers EERA programme on Smart Grids ELECTRA Side workshop!

23 Outline Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System European level energy RD&D strategy The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan European-level Research and Innovation Programme Horizon2020 Programme

24 Horizon 2020 ( ) three pillars: Excellent science: Individual grants for frontier research, collaborative research on future and emerging technologies, training actions, research infrastructure Industrial leadership (ICT, Materials, SME's): Innovative developments on key enabling technologies; Efficient solutions to the technical challenges; Allowing European industry to remain globally competitive Societal challenges: Innovative multi-disciplinary objective-driven technology solutions; Health & weelbeing, food & bioeconomy, energy, transport, climate & resource efficiency, secure & inclusive societies Energy challenge: 6B ( ) The main RD&D financing instrument at European level

25 Horizon 2020 implementation : Yearly calls for proposals Covering the full chain from research to market uptake SET Plan as the basis for Energy Research & Innovation Energy efficiency across the energy system Low-carbon energy sources Integration in real environments: smart cities and communities Europe-wide initiatives, coordination with national programmes, with other policies Structural and cohesion funds for energy & smart specialisation. Connecting Europe Facility to complete missing links in energy infrastructure International cooperation

26 Opportunities for international cooperation Horizon2020 Participation of European subsidiaries & non-european organisations fully included Joint projects isued from Joint Calls EERA Joint Programme Smart Grids - ELECTRA Laboratory to - Laboratory collaboration Developing cross-continental cooperation, international coordination board Opportunities for researcher exchanges Multilateral cooperation with major economies: ISGAN

27 Conclusion New Challenging Climate Objectives for Europe Contribution to world-wide action CoP21 Paris 2015 Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System Ready technology, validation, further developments in Europe Strategic RD&D cooperation in Europe Integrated vision of the energy system Horizon 2020 European Programme for Research and Innovation Open to international cooperation

28 Thank you for your attention