Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes European Space Agency (ESA) Finance, Economics, Urban Development (FEU) World Bank Group

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1 An Introduction to ESA Earth Observation Programmes and Activities Kindly hosted by. Stephen Coulson (Philippe Bally, Gordon Campbell, Diego Fernandez, Ben Koetz, Anna Burzykowska) Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes European Space Agency (ESA) Zoubida Allaoua, Tony Bigio Finance, Economics, Urban Development (FEU) World Bank Group World Bank, Washington DC, 12 April 2011

2 The ESA Programmes All (18) Member States participate in activities and a common set of programmes related to Space Science (mandatory programmes). In addition, members chose the level of participation in so called optional programmes: Human space flight Microgravity research Earth observation Telecommunications Satellite navigation Launcher development 10/2004-4

3 The ESA World Locations 10/2004-9

4 ESA EO Heritage ERS 1 ERS ENVISAT Oceans Sea Ice Cryosphere Land Surface Climatology + Global Ozone + Terrestrial biosphere + Ocean colour + Atmospheric chemistry

5 (Some) Major Scientific Results with ERS & ENVISAT Climate change: Global sea level rise of ~3mm/year and sea surface temperature increase of ~0.1 deg. C since 1992 (Envisat + ERS). Atmosphere: Worldwide monitoring of air pollution, with evidence of fast growing air pollution in China since 1995 (Envisat + ERS-2). Polar areas: Daily monitoring of sea ice motion and observation of Antarctica iceshelves collapse. Oceanography: Quantification of global chlorophyll concentration, an index of the oceanic phytoplankton biomass. Tectonics: Identification of the blind tectonic fault at the origin of the Bam earthquake in December Ozone hole NO 2 / SCIAMACHY (Jan June 2004)

6 ESA Living Planet Missions Science Earth Explorer Earth Watch Operations Core Missions? GOCE Earth gravity field and Geoid 2009 ADM-Aeolus Wind-speed vectors 2012 EarthCARE Clouds, Aerosols & radiation 2013 Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions CryoSat 2 Ice elevation and ice thickness 2010 SMOS Soil moisture and ocean salinity 2009 SWARM Earth magnetic field & Earth core dynamics 2011 EUMETSAT Meteosat MSG EPS (MetOp) MTG Post EPS 3 Candidates : selection 2012 GMES Sentinel 1 Sentinel 2 Sentinel 3 Sentinel 4 Sentinel 5

7 GMES : Europe s 2 nd Space Flagship Project Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) ESA : Space Component EC : Services & Operations EO Needs Solutions Public Policy

8 GMES dedicated missions : Sentinels Sentinel 1 SAR imaging All weather, day/night applications, interferometry Sentinel 2 Multispectral imaging Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,.. Continuity of Landsat, SPOT 2012, , Sentinel 3 Ocean and global land monitoring Wide-swath ocean colour, vegetation, sea/land surface temperature, altimetry 2013, Sentinel 4 Geostationary atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring, transboundary pollution Sentinel 5 and Precursor Low-orbit atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring 2015, 2020 Carpet coverage, Data monsters! Development & Deployment A & B units 2.3 B, Free, open & easy access to data, Long-term continuity of observations (25+ years), Used together with VHR national European missions.

9 Preparing Service Providers Marine & Coastal Polar & Sea Ice Soil, Water & Urban Forest Monitoring Services with formal specifications, standards, validation, Atmosphere Flood & Fire Risk Food Security Developed in collaboration & agreement of User communities, Land Motion Humanitarian Aid Maritime Security Qualified service suppliers, , 130 M

10 Preparing User Organisations Food Security Hum anitarian Aid Maritime Security Atmosphere Forest Monitoring Polar & Sea Ice Land Motion Marine & Coastal Fire & Flood Risk Soil, Water & Urban International: 40 National: 146 Regional: 76 Local: 65 Private: International National Regional Local Private 400+ Legally Mandated User Organisations

11 An Example : Satellite Surveillance of Oil Spill; Deepwater Horizon Event

12 The International Charter on Space & Major Disasters Initiated in 2000 by CNES and ESA, joined by CSA, NOAA, ISRO, CONAE, JAXA, USGS, BNSC/DMCii, CNSA, ROSCOSMOS, INPE, DLR & KARI (14 members currently), Unified system of space data acquisition / delivery in case of natural or human-made disasters (at no cost, best effort basis) Data delivery to civil protection agencies, emergency & rescue services; UN cooperating body since 2003 Operational : 24 hrs on-duty-operator Credits: INGV, ENVISAT Data: copyright ESA; INGV is the Tectonics Theme Leader of ESA s project Terrafirma. Charter activations increasing (50 most important events per year) Recent Activations : Tsunami/Earthquake/Nuclear (Japan), Flood (Australia) Landslide (Brazil), Earthquake (New Zealand), Snow Storm (Korea), Flood (Mozambique).

13 Global Information Products supporting the Global Change Community

14 ESA Climate Change Initiative parties should describe the status of their programmes for contributing observations of the essential climate variables (ECVs) to the international community UNFCCC Conference Dec 2007 Bali Action Plan EO from space plays a vital role, ESA to systematically generate and distribute longterm series of 11 Essential Climate Variables Based on ESA archived EO data (30 years), Internationally agreed requirements GCOS definition of ECV CEOS response for required space observations To quantify the state of the Climate system to Advance our knowledge of climate change, Support work of UNFCCC and IPCC for climate change mitigation and adaptation 6 year program (begin in 2009), ~ 75 M,

15 European EO Information Industry ESA a gateway to developing the capabilities of 200+ services & 100+ suppliers.

16 Take-Home Messages A large number of satellites with a wide range of capabilities (and constraints) is becoming available, Europe has a leading-edge, innovative industry specialised in provision of EO-based information services & solutions, EO is moving from an R&D technology to a basis for provision of operational geo-information services, Europe is in a world-leading position, GMES will be a major step forward (next 5 years), Long-term continuity of these sources and types of information is assured.

17 Background to World Bank ESA collaboration 5 initial small-scale demonstrations done in 2009/10 Water quality : Lake Titicaca Coral reef health & stress : Caribbean Coastline change : Bangladesh Urban subsidence : Alexandria & Tunis Now begin more substantial demonstrations across a wider range of (12) Bank projects in 2011, Focus on European Missions, European specialist service providers, technical oversight by ESA.

18 12 World Bank Projects now starting Land (Urban infratructure, Land cover, Forest, Crops, Soil erosion, In-land water bodies) Marine (Oil-spill, Coral Reef, Coastal change, Sea-level height, Ocean currents) Risk (Land motion histories)

19 Why Collaborate? What Benefits? To World Bank EO can deliver key information that brings benefit to the definition, planning, implementation, monitoring and assessment of WBG operations. To ESA Demonstrate the value of Member-State investments in EO satellites and encourage full use of European capabilities in EO services.

20 Thank You! The ESA Earth Observation programmes understanding our planet securing our environment benefiting our economy