Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change. Civic Exchange s submission

Transcription

1 Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change Civic Exchange s submission

2 Presentation Flow 1. Climate change and its impact on HK 2. Paris Agreement and HK s Pledge to Climate Change 3. Mitigation Fuel Mix Transportation 4. Adaptation Built environment Coastal protection and flood prevention Water security Contingency planning and education 2

3 1. Climate change and its impact on Hong Kong Annual temperature rose 0.17 C per decade in HKO, Climate Change in Hong Kong (2016) 3

4 1. Climate change and its impact on Hong Kong Annual total of hot nights reached a historical high of 37 nights in 2015 HKO, Climate Change in Hong Kong (2016) 4

5 1. Climate change and its impact on Hong Kong Mean sea level in Victoria Harbour rose by 30mm/decade during HKO, Climate Change in Hong Kong (2016) 5

6 1. Climate change and its impact on Hong Kong Annual total rainfall at HKO headquarters rose at an average rate of 31mm/decade in the past 60 years. HKO, Climate Change in Hong Kong (2016) 6

7 2. Paris Agreement Friends of Europe, COP21 infographic: Paris climate agreement at a glance,

8 2. Hong Kong s Pledge to Climate Change CEx proposed: CO2 Intensity Absolute carbon emission ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 8

9 3. Overview of HK s GHG Emissions ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 9

10 3. Mitigation Fuel Mix Long-term plan to phase out coal in the fuel mix Replacing coal by natural gas with policy and infrastructural supports Impact on tariff should be absorbed by utilities Diversify natural gas sources Technology-neutral approach to nuclear power Examine benefits, costs and risk of leveraging nuclear across border Information sharing and be transparent (standard, cost, safety, reliability) Nuclear literacy and public engagement CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 10

11 3. Mitigation Fuel Mix (cont.) Renewable energy: mainstream choice in future Include more aggressive but realistic target for RE Introduce concrete measures (e.g. feed-in tariff, netmetering and RE certificate) Introduce grid connection framework and tariff setting mechanism in the new SCA CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 11

12 3. Mitigation Transportation Support railway as the backbone of transportation Enhance connectivity of rail through walking/cycling Control vehicle growth and number of cars on-road Regulate new car registration Promote car pooling Tighten enforcement of traffic-related penalties (e.g. Smart sensors and camera) Clear plan towards zero emission vehicles CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 12

13 3. Mitigation Transportation (cont.) Adopt walking and cycling in its planning mentality Be people-oriented, pedestrian-/bicycle-friendly Introduce a Walkability Commissioner Develop low carbon marine industry in HK Control carbon from both local and ocean-going vessels Implement tighter 0.1% sulphur fuel rule by 2019 Coordinate with mainland authorities to become part of PRD Emission Control Area (ECA) in 2019 Re-consider installation of OPS to cruise, container and passenger terminals CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 13

14 4. Adaptation ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 14

15 4. Adaptation ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 15

16 4. Adaptation Built environment Highly-dense urban morphology traps heat in city Greening measures (e.g. greening rooftop) PlanD should ensure redevelopment will not deteriorate ventilation Employers come up with flexible arrangement to avoid heat stress Introduce regulations to standardise best practice to protect outdoor workers CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) 16

17 4. Adaptation Coastal protection and flood prevention Strengthen capacity of flood discharge and coastal defence HK still at the stage of studying the impact and implications CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 17

18 4. Adaptation Coastal protection and flood prevention (cont.) Singapore s experience Raised minimum land reclamation level from 3 to 4 metres Entire coastline protected by walls, stone embankments and natural barriers (beaches and mangroves) NCCS Singapore, Coastal Protection (2016) 18

19 4. Adaptation Coastal protection and flood prevention (cont.) Complete the Drainage Master Plan Review Studies for the remaining areas (e.g. West Kowloon, Lantau Islands) CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) DSD, Drainage Master Plan Studies and Drainage Studies (2016) 19

20 4. Adaptation Coastal protection and flood prevention (cont.) Singapore s Source-Pathway-Receptor approach NCCS Singapore, Drainage and Flood Protection (2016) 20

21 4. Adaptation Water security Comprehensive and long-term water strategy should be developed Addressing water security, water safety, water economics, water conservation and water risks CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 21

22 4. Adaptation Water security (cont.) Water loop illustrating Singapore s Water Management Water sources in 2030 Local catchment water Imported water % (2030) / 80% (2060) from: NEWater Desalinated water NCCS Singapore, Water Resource Management (2016) 22

23 4. Adaptation Contingency planning and education Equipping societies with resilience to cope with and recover from climate events Pre-disaster education Emergency plan from the Security Bureau Promote the climate change message publicly CEx, Views on how Hong Kong should combat climate change (2016) ENB, Hong Kong Climate Change Report 2015 (2015) 23