NEXT GENERATION OF SEWER MODELING - ISOLATING RDII SOURCES
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1 NEXT GENERATION OF SEWER MODELING - ISOLATING RDII SOURCES Hazem Gheith, PhD, PE OWEA June 2017
2 Presenter Hazem Gheith, Ph.D., P.E. Arcadis Vice President Urban Drainage Technical Leader 31 years of engineering experience Collection systems modeling and planning Stormwater management, green infrastructure programs New modeling approach to quantify flows at the source
3 Next generation of H/H Modeling Answers the apparent randomness in Rain to RDII relationship
4 Next generation of Sewers Modeling Goals Goal: Event of April 1, A planning tool (model) that matches all storms, across years of monitoring data A model platform that will include and isolate the various sources of RDII and runoff System Duration: 720 h, Total Rainfall: (in) 0027S0282:0027S S0282:0027S0243 (obs) Benefits: 1 Wed Apr 2009 Reoccurrence of deficiencies is quantified using actual historical rainfall data no more design storms Plan improvements that would include source control Reduce conservativeness or risk of under sizing improvements 8 Wed 15 Wed Date/Time 22 Wed 1 Fri
5 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
6 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
7 RDII Subsurface Sources 1. Foundation Drains, 4 x 6, illegal sump pump, etc. 2. Lateral Service Lines Joints, cracks, roots intrusion 1 4 x Sewer Mains Lateral connection, joints, cracks, manholes under pervious surface Each RDII point source receives flow from a known contributing runoff area 1 2 3
8 1. Foundation Runoff area: Roof top and splash area around the house (buffer ~ 6 ft or less) 1
9 2. Lateral Connection Runoff area: Buffer (~ 12 ft) area above the lateral pipe 2
10 3. Sewer Main Runoff area: Buffer area if sewer is under pervious surface Co-located with storm trench 3
11 GWI in Relation to RDII Rain Evapo ET U ET S Rain Runon Grass Runon Runoff RDII Direct Connection Buffer Storage Pervious Storage Impervious Storage Infiltration Infiltration Deep Losses RDII Foundation Drain Minimum GWT/Datum GWT Percolation [K(Θ)] Wilting Point <Θ< Porosity RDII Lateral Connection RDII Storm Pipes Leakage Deep Losses Minimum GWT/Datum RDII Main Sanitary Pipe Storm Pipe By: Hazem Gheith Deep Losses Minimum GWT/Datum
12 GWT Monitoring Aquifers are independent due to clay soil Rainfall (in) RG21A C1_FD C2_FD C3_Deep C4_Lat C5_Main W3_Deep Head (ft) Apr 2013 Driest Period May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Date/Time
13 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
14 Subarea Delineation Use the available wealth of GIS data Split the independent hydrology features (subareas) in each catchment
15 Model Visualization Subareas can be visualized as is in the model, preserving their spatial location.
16 Sewershed Subareas Each sewershed consists of individual hydrologic subareas Roof Splash Buffer (Buf) Sanitary Sewer Storm Inlet Street Lawn No Curb Impervious Split garages Alleys Driveways Sidewalks not adjacent to streets Roof to Street Lateral Mains
17 Physics of the Unsaturated Zone a V a V v Vt W V w Grass I S V S infilt ET u Moisture Content θ = VV ww VV tt Porosity Φ = VV vv VV tt Perc Unsaturated θ = 0 θ = wp θ = fc θ = Φ Sandy Loam ET s Silt Clay Loam
18 GWI Governing Equations (SWMM) Infiltration Process (Green-Ampt): I II bbbbbbbbbbbb pppppppppppppp ff = ΨΨ φφ θθ KK ss 1 + FF tttttttttt d u f ET u Perc Percolation Process: PPPPPPPP = ΔΔΔΔdd uu = ffaa pp EEEE uu AA pp PPPPPPPP ee EEEE uu = CC EEEE EEvvvvvvvv KK ss φφ θθ HHHHHH 1 + ΨΨ θθ θθ FFFF dd uu 2 d s ET s Deep Losses RDII RDII Process φφ θθ ΔΔdd ss = PPPPPPPP EEEE ss AA pp DD LL EEEE ss = (1 CC EEEE ) EEvvvvvvvv dd tttttttt dd uu dd tttttttt RRRRRRRR = aa 1 dd ss dd cc bb 1 aa 2 dd ww dd cc bb 2 dd ss dd tttttttttt RRRRRRRR d s d w d c Datum
19 ICM Aquifers Approach Rain D max (θ = Φ) D s D perc (θ = θ FC ) D min (θ = 0) Evapo H Q rain Q ET Q runoff Q soil Q RDII D Q ground Q GWI H min Q loss QQ ssssssss = KK h DD pppppppp = θ FFFF DD mmmmmm Φ EETT = DD DD mmmmmm EEEEEEEEEE 1 + ψ Φ θ wwww FF AA ΦQQ pppppppp = α QQ RRRRRRRR + 1 α QQ gggggggggggg mmooooooooooo ffffffffffff Month ET Coefficient January 0.10 February 0.10 March 0.20 April 0.40 May 0.40 June 0.70 July 0.80 August 0.80 September 0.75 October 0.65 November 0.65 December 0.50 QQ gggggggggggg = DD DD pppppppp ΦAA KK 1 QQ llllllll = HH HH mmmmmm AA KK 2 QQ GGGGGG = 1 HH 2 KK 3 18 July
20 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
21 Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus Rainfall (in/hr) Event of December 1, System Duration: 744 h, Total Rainfall: (in) 0027S0282:0027S S0282:0027S0243 (obs) Flow (mgd) Mon Dec Mon 15 Mon Date/Time 22 Mon 1 Thu
22 Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus Rainfall (in/hr) Event of April 1, System Duration: 720 h, Total Rainfall: (in) 0027S0282:0027S S0282:0027S0243 (obs) Flow (mgd) Wed Apr Wed 15 Wed Date/Time 22 Wed 1 Fri
23 Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus Rainfall (in/hr) Event of April 1, System Duration: 720 h, Total Rainfall: 1.6 (in) 0027S0282:0027S S0282:0027S0243 (obs) Flow (mgd) Thu Apr Thu 15 Thu Date/Time 22 Thu 1 Sat
24 Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus Computed Max Flow (mgd) Computed vs Observed Max Flow (mgd) at 0233S0594:0233S0283 Error: 0233S0594:0233S0283 ISE rating Excellent ISE 1.89 NSE R² SEE LSE LSE dim RMSE RMSE dim % Y = 0.97XR² = ~ 50 Events 2 Years Observed Max Flow (mgd)
25 APR Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus
26 AUG Continuous Calibration Examples Columbus
27 Continuous Calibration Examples Indianapolis EMREL Meter Calibration 18 July
28 Continuous Calibration Examples Cincinnati West Northern Bundle calibration
29 Continuous Calibration Examples Washington DC FM AMI-24 (June 15 th 2015 to July 1 st 2015)
30 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
31 Isolating I/I Sources Contributing Source Remediation Roof with direct connection Disconnect downspout Total RDII Sources Splash/Buffer through foundation drain Storm trench leaking into co-located sanitary trench Redirect roof drainage Storm and sewer lining Buffer area above laterals Lateral lining Buffer area above mains Sewer main lining Lawn and remaining pervious area through FDs and sewers leaks Lining The Model Approach provides quantification of RDII sources 31
32 Subareas RDII Split the area into its RDII sources (GIS) Redirection Sump Pump Lining Roof Splash Buffer Lateral Roof Direct Redirection Connection Redirection Roof to Street Lawn Street No Curb Impervious Lining Mains Mitigate negative impact on the storm system Storm Inlet Sanitary System Colocated Main Trench Upstream Strom System
33 Outline RDII Sources Physically Based Modeling Approach Continuous Calibration Results Planning RDII Mitigation Plans Example Case Study
34 Columbus - West Fifth I/I Study Area Total Area: ~1000 Acres No. of SSOs: 15 No. of WIB Complaints : 15 ( )
35 Model Overview
36 RDII Sub-Areas Sources Contributing Area (acres) Percentage (%) Roofs, Direct Connection % Roofs, To Street % Roofs, Splash % Buffers % Garages % Lateral % Main % Street, Impervious Area % Lawn, Pervious Area % Total %
37 Overflow Frequency 19 years continuous simulation Locations DSR 103 DSR 109 DSR 111 DSR 105 DSR 149 DSR 150 DSR 148 DSR 157 Volume (MG) Overflow Summary ( ) Top 20 Events with Highest Volume (MG) Top 20 Events with Highest Peak (MGD) Duration (Hrs) Number of Activations LOS (in years) st th st th
38 RDII Contributions Sources Peak Flow Percentage (1/12/2005) Flow Volume Percentage (12/01/ /01/2005) Roofs, Direct Connection 5.8% 1.4% Roofs, Splash 34.2% 13.7% Buffers 29.9% 29% Col-Located 15.2% 17.0% Lateral 8.9% 18.3% Main 6.1% 20.7%
39 RDII Mitigation Results (one event, 1/3/2005) Scenarios Number of Active SSOs Total Overflow Volume (MG) Peak Overflow (MGD) Peak Flow to Down Stream Existing Disconnect Direct Connection Roofs Redirect Splashed Roof drainage Laterals Lining (all the way to the 4 x 6 ) Main Sewers Lining Storm Sump Pump Disconnect Direct Connected Roofs + Lateral Lining + Main Lining Disconnect Direct Connected Roofs + Redirect Splashed Roofs + Lateral Lining + Main Lining
40 Summary Runoff areas contributing to RDII sources are quantifiable Manmade aquifers in urban Midwest are independent due to clay condition Fluctuation in moisture content in the unsaturated zones is used to track groundwater condition and RDII Most parameters are physically based, easing the continuous calibration since number of unknown parameters is limited The modeling approach results in a model platform suitable for planning RDII mitigation technologies at the source
41 Thank You Hazem Gheith Imagine the result PECES September
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