European Transport & Space Policies

Transcription

1 European Transport & Space Policies Luc TYTGAT, Director Single Sky From the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) 3rd. Bengaluru Space Expo (2012) International Exhibition & Conference World Space Biz Bengaluru, India 12th September, 2012 Morning Session The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

2 EU Transport Policy Efficient transport is a precondition for maintaining the EU s prosperity. Transport is also an important part of the economy itself: many European companies are world leaders in infrastructure, logistics and the manufacture of transport equipment and traffic management systems. Siim Kallas Vice-President European Commission, Commissioner for Transport White Paper 2001 European transport policy for 2010: time to decide In line with Sustainable Development Strategy adopted earlier by the European Council Contains European Commission s 60 measures aimed at: shifting balance between modes of transport; revitalising railways; promoting transport by sea and inland waterways; and controlling air transport growth Air transport related measures 2

3 EU Transport Policy White Paper 2001 Air transport related measures Launch debate on the future of airports to: make better use of existing capacity review airport charges systems integrate air transport into a logical system with the other modes of transport Revise departure slot allocation system to improve market access In the new context of the Single Sky, ensure: strong and independent regulator allowing traffic to grow while guaranteeing safety military involvement towards more efficient organisation and use of airspace social dialogue, starting with air traffic controllers cooperation with EUROCONTROL to draw on its expertise and know-how surveillance, inspection and penalties system for effective enforcement of rules In the ICAO framework, rethink air transport taxation and negotiate introduction of a kerosene tax and differential en route air navigation charges Negotiate with the US a Joint Transatlantic Aviation Agreement to replace current Open Skies agreements 3

4 EU Transport Policy White Paper European Commission s roadmap to a Single European Transport Area 40 concrete initiatives up to 2020 to increase mobility remove major barriers and fuel growth and employment key goals by 2050 no more conventionally-fuelled cars in cities 40% use of low carbon fuels in aviation at least 40% cut in shipping emissions 50% shift of medium distance intercity passenger and freight journeys from road to rail and waterborne transport dramatically reduction of Europe's dependence on imported oil 60% cut in transport emissions High speed train lines 4

5 Roadmap to Single European Transport Area - Facts and figures - Quality and cost of transport have a major impact on the ability of business to compete, on economic growth and on quality of life. Transport industry directly employs more than 10 million people, - accounts for 4.5% of total employment, - and represents 4.6% of Gross Domestic Product. Manufacture of transport equipment provides an additional 1.5% employment and 1.7% Gross Domestic Product. Congestion: 1% of Gross Domestic Product every year. Sustainability at the heart of transport While most sectors have been reducing CO2 emissions, transport s share has been steadily increasing Transport is too dependent on imported oil oil consumption must drop by around 60% from today revolution in transport fuels and the way citizen travel 5

6 Roadmap to Single European Transport Area - Facts and figures - Plugging into smart solutions High-speed trains have changed travel, new plane engines are soon to significantly reduce gaseous emissions. Research and technology will provide solutions for sustainable transport in future. New jet engines on the market in 2020 will cut emissions by 10-15%. Emission reductions of up to 40% are expected from Reducing barriers to free movement Movement across the EU has got easier, thanks in part to the single market 20 low-cost carriers now, representing 40% of the EU market, none in 1990 Scheduled passenger carriers have risen from 135 to 152 Number of air connections has increased by 140%, from to This is still not free enough for technical and administrative reasons Why we need to invest The new Member States have km of motorways and no purpose-built high-speed rail lines; conventional railway lines are often in poor condition The cost of EU infrastructure development to match transport demand has been estimated at over 1.5 trillion for (+ 1 trillion in vehicles and equipment to achieve emission reduction goals) 6

7 European Space Policy (2007) Policy statements European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency (ESA) jointly committed to peaceful exploitation of outer space European decision to maintain an independent, reliable and cost-effective access to space Developments like GALILEO (European GNSS) and EGNOS (European SBAS) demonstrate Europe's independence and readiness to assume global responsibilities Priority to space policy as it has far-reaching connections with many other EU policy areas Two Main Axes Space Exploration led by European Space Agency Space Exploitation under the auspices and with the support of the European Commission 7

8 Space Exploration (ESA) Global Exploration Strategy: common framework for 14 space agencies, vision for human space exploration, action plan to share efforts of individual nations, partnership between humans and robots is essential to the success of such ventures International Space Station (ISS): partnership with US, Russia, Japan and Canada, 360 tons, 820 cubic metres of pressurised space, crew of six persons, suited for testing spacecraft systems and equipment for missions to Moon and Mars, funded until 2020, may operate until 2028, ESA responsible for Columbus laboratory and Automated Transfer Vehicle Columbus: multifunction laboratory specialised in fluid physics, materials science and life sciences PromISSe mission: six-month (Dec 2011-Jul 2012) on ISS over 50 experiments benefits of space science, technology and education brought back to Earth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV): largest servicing vehicle for ISS, The ATV carries up to 7 tonnes of cargo including provisions, scientific payloads and rocket propellant, delivers essential cargo, performs regular ISS orbit reboosts and attitude control manoeuvres, 3 successful launches, 4th launch towards ISS at the beginning of 2013 Concordia: station in Antarctica, preparation for human exploration Lunar Lander: autonomous lander capable of cargo and logistics delivery to extend Moon surface exploration 8

9 Space Exploration Europe NASA Cooperation (Example) NASA s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) delivered Curiosity rover to the Red Planet CHEMCAM Several equipments onboard Curiosity supplied by European industry, like: CHEMCAM (CHEMistry CAMera) Mars Express spacecraft, built by Astrium for the European Space Agency, in orbit around the red planet since 2003, tracked MSL mission s progress until wheels down 9

10 Space Exploitation (EC) Ensuring political, economic and social returns Develop and exploit space applications that meet needs of enterprises and citizens Earth observation The Global Monitoring for Environment and Security programme (GMES) will: - provide autonomous access to information on environment, climate change and security - improve Europe's monitoring, assessment and decision-making capacity in crucial areas Satellite communications - Broadcasting and telecommunications satellites: 40 % of revenues of European space sector - Strong growth still foreseen - EU will support adoption of innovative services and technology developments to achieve interoperability between terrestrial and satellite-based networks Security and defence - Space assets will bring a significant contribution to increasing security of European citizens - Coordination between EU's defence and civilian space programmes needs to improve Satellite navigation - GALILEO worldwide satellite radio-navigation system: strategic and priority infrastructure 10

11 Space Policy Implementation Launchers Flexible range of 4 launchers ESA-developed Ariane 5 ATV: Lofting GALILEO and ATV ESA-developed Ariane 5 ECA: Dual launches of very large satellites ESA-developed Vega: Small and medium satellites Russian Soyuz-ST: Liftoff mass and payload Liftoff mass=760 tons 10t to GTO and 20t into LEO Liftoff mass=780 tons 10t+ to GTO Liftoff mass=137 tons 1.5t to polar and LEO Liftoff mass= 305 tons 3.2t to GTO and 4.4t to SSO Launch pad in French Guiana European operator for launches Arianespace (founded in 1980): European single operator, world s first satellite launch company Shareholders: French space agency (CNES), Astrium and all the European space companies, representing 10 European countries 80 contracts signed with customers, 208 Ariane launches, more than half of the commercial satellites in service worldwide, 26 Soyuz launches, 1 Vega launch 11

12 Europe ISRO Cooperation EU France Germany Hungary Italy The Netherlands Norway Sweden United Kingdom have signed Memorandum of Understanding agreements with ISRO and Indian Department of Space Chandrayaan-1, Indian 1st. Mission to Moon, carried scientific payloads from several space organisations, including ESA 12

13 Rationale GALILEO Economic impact: satellite navigation = 7% of EU Growth Development Product (GDP) Interoperability with GPS ensured Better coverage over Northern Europe than GPS Enabler for precision area navigation and approach (even if no ground aid at airport) 5 main GALILEO services Operational Open Service (OS) (for all, free, time and position) Operational 2014 Search & Rescue (SAR) - real time process of emergency signals, instead of 1 hour delay today + acknowledgement - position accuracy: a few metres, instead of 5 km in remote areas today Operational Public Regulated Service (PRS) - location+time for special users like police, armed forces - PRS will be maintained even when OS is not operational (terrorism, spoofing) Operational Commercial Service (CS) - not free of charge - use of two encrypted signals for increased accuracy Operational Safety of Life Service (SoL): air navigation Satellites on orbit 2011: : : : 30 (incl. 6 spare) 13

14 GALILEO in aviation Galileo Safety of Life service based on global integrity abandoned Galileo Open Service can be used by aviation with augmentations based on: - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) - or Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) - or Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) 3 potential next steps: 1) Horizontal positioning worldwide: from 18 to 30 GALILEO satellites + GPS L1/L5 + horizontal RAIM 2) Vertical positioning in Europe: GALILEO/GPS augmented by EGNOS V3 3) Vertical positioning worldwide: GPS + GALILEO with Advanced RAIM GPS L1/L5, GALILEO and future SBAS possibly assessed against the same Minimum Operational Performance Standard (developed by both EUROCAE and RTCA for airborne or ground sub-systems) 14

15 Rationale EGNOS Greater accuracy obtained from GALILEO and GPS through signals received from Augmentation Systems = geostationary satellites + ground stations GPS position accuracy - without augmentation: 17m - with augmentation: 3m use for flight approach and landing EGNOS is the European SBAS for GALILEO and GPS EGNOS provides integrity function to inform crew when basic GNSS is not fully operational EGNOS Operations EGNOS already operational, free of charge Requires receivers to be compatible with EGNOS signals EGNOS interoperability ensured same receiver for all SBAS 3 main EGNOS services Open Service since 2009 Safety of Life Service since 2011: informs within 6 seconds of any GNSS disruption Commercial Service: all satellite-based information (from GALILEO as from 2018) are already made available via the ground stations (useful in case signals are poor) Benefits GALILEO+EGNOS benefits for EU over : 90 B + intangible benefits 15

16 EGNOS in aviation Facts EGNOS declared operational by EC and ESSP (2011) European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP) certified (2011) Vertical GNSS position for the first time in Europe EGNOS can be used in 90 Approach with Vertical Guidance procedures (Jan 2012) EGNOS can support all Performance Based Navigation applications EUROCONTROL coordinating EGNOS operational implementation: around 30 procedures designed and 500 aircraft equipped (June 2012) Next steps Long tem commitment and free of charge service (EU funding to foster operational implementation in aviation) EGNOS good and stable performance will enable: to face technical, ionospheric and governance challenges ( ) implementation of 37th ICAO Assembly resolution a cost-effective solution for: - airports replacing conventional Non Precision Approach without deploying ILS - General, Business and Regional aviation, helicopters and some heavy aircraft (e.g. Beluga, Airbus 350) EGNOS extension to all ECAC States (44) to form part of European ATM Network 16

17 European Transport & Space Policies Questions & Answers The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation