International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) ISDC Costing Methodology, Principles. CERREX Costing Software for Research Reactors

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL DECOMMISSIONING NETWORK (IDN) 5 TH MEETING International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) ISDC Costing Methodology, Principles CERREX Costing Software for Research Reactors Vladimír Daniška DECOM, a. s., DECONTA, a.s., Slovakia Vienna, IAEA, November 3, 2011

2 Content 1. Introduction 2. International Structure for Decommissioning Costing - ISDC 3. ISDC Costing Methodology 4. Cost Estimation for Research Reactors CERREX 5. Conclusions November 3, th IDN Meeting 2

3 1) Introduction There is a long-term effort for comparing the costs for various decommissioning projects. Correct comparing of costs items may be performed when the costs items have the same meaning and boundary conditions for compared cost items are defined Comparable cost items may be the typical decommissioning activities. There is a large variety of activities within any decommissioning project which should be systematised Clear rules and tools are needed for cost comparison A systematic structure is needed for classification of decommissioning activities with unambiguous meaning of content of activities November 3, th IDN Meeting 3

4 1) Introduction Decommissioning cost estimation should include all activities, starting from the planning of decommissioning, transition phases, performing the decontamination and dismantling and management of resulting waste up to the final remediation of the site. Supporting activities such as management of the project, maintenance, surveillance, physical protection, research and development etc., should be included. All relevant expenditures should be included List of all relevant decommissioning activities and of all related expenditures is the prerequisite for estimation of decommissioning cost. List of standardised typical decommissioning activities/expenditures facilitates: common understanding and comparison of results of decommissioning costing organisation and performing of the costing process November 3, th IDN Meeting 4

5 2) Background for ISDC The document: A Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes, known as the Yellow Book, was published in 1999 as a joint initiative of NEA/OECD, IAEA and EC, after approx. 10 years of preparatory works. Intent of the document was to provide a uniform list of cost items for decommissioning projects In 2009, the same organisations decided to update the Yellow Book after 10 years of its use. ISDC is the upgraded Yellow Book November 3, th IDN Meeting 5

6 2) Principal structure of ISDC ISDC is a numbered hierarchical structure of typical decommissioning activities for any project 01 Pre-decommissioning actions 02 Facility shutdown activities 03 Additional activities for safe enclosure or entombment 04 Dismantling activities within the controlled area Level 3 is the reference level; at this level are the cost data identified and presented Levels 2 and 1 are aggregating levels 05 Waste processing, storage and disposal 06 Site infrastructure and operation 07 Conventional dismantling and demolition and site restoration 08 Project management, engineering and support 09 Research and development Level 1 Level 2 Principal activities Activity groups 10 Fuel and nuclear material 11 Miscellaneous expenditures Level 3 Cost items - typical decommissioning activities with definitions and examples Cost Categories are defined which are to be presented at each ISDC level Labour costs Investment costs Expenses Cost calculation structure (any type) Contingency November 3, th IDN Meeting 6

7 2) Example of ISDC numbering 04 Dismantling activities within the controlled area Dismantling of main process systems, structures and components Dismantling of reactor internals Preparation of the work area for dismantling, extracting and packaging the waste for disposal Construction of dams on vessel nozzles or gates to isolate and contain the pool being used for disassembly (if performed underwater) Installation of handling devices and protection systems Control-rod blades and motors, rod guide tubes, RSA-guide tubes Steam dryer Feedwater sparger ring Core shroud, including fixing Fuel channels in channel type reactors Monitoring of the disassembly Operation of the segmentation tooling Maintenance and change-out of support equipment (purification and ventilation filters) Accepting and preparation of the disposal containers as well as loading and processing containers for transport Removal of handling devices and protection systems Dismantling of reactor vessel and components One-piece-removal of reactor Reactor pressure vessel top head Reactor core top head November 3, th IDN Meeting 7

8 2) Principal ISDC activities 01 Pre-decommissioning actions Activities prior to licensing of a decommissioning project characterisation, planning, safety assessments Facility shutdown activities Activities of the transition period after shutdown [2] to prepare the facility for decommissioning, using the experienced operation personnel Decommissioning planning Strategic planning Preliminary planning Final planning Facility characterisation Detailed facility characterisation Hazardous-material surveys and analyses Establishing a facility inventory database Safety-, security- and environmental studies Decommissioning safety analysis Environmental impact assessment Safety-, security and emergency planning for site operations Waste management planning Establishing decommissioning criteria Develop a waste management plan Authorisation License applications and license approvals Stakeholders involvement Preparing management group and contracting Management team activities Contracting activities [2] IAEA TRS 420: Transition from operation to decommissioning 03 Additional activities for safe enclosure or entombment Preparation of the safe enclosure for the facility in order to ensure the long term stability and safety during the safe enclosure Activities related to entombment scenarios November 3, th IDN Meeting 8

9 2) Principal ISDC activities 04 Dismantling activities within the controlled area Preparation for dismantling Removal of hazardous materials Dismantling of contaminated and activated systems and structures Removal of contaminated items and soils at the site Final survey/release of buildings 05 Waste processing, storage and disposal Establishment, operation, maintenance, decommissioning of own WM system within the decommissioning project. WM outside of the project is considered as a service. Management of: Historical/legacy waste Decommissioning waste Hazardous and conventional waste ISDC reflects the IAEA radioactive waste classification, Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1, 2009 November 3, th IDN Meeting 9

10 2) Principal ISDC activities review scheme for WM WM system operated within a decommissioning project Contracted WM activities Sequence processes retrieval processing conditioning disposal Parallel processes characterisation storage transports containers Individual WM techniques are lower to the 3 rd level November 3, th IDN Meeting 10

11 2) Principal ISDC activities 06 Site infrastructure and operation Security and surveillance, Inspections, maintenance, site upkeep, Operation of auxiliary systems, Radiation safety. 07 Conventional dismantling and demolition and site restoration Industrial dismantling of systems in premises outside of the controlled area, Industrial demolition of buildings according to the scope of the decomm. project, Site finalisation, survey/release of the site, Activities for restricted release of site. 08 Project management, engineering and support Mobilisation and demobilisation of a decommissioning project, Management; engineering, technical, health, safety and other relevant support. November 3, th IDN Meeting 11

12 2) Principal ISDC activities 09 Research and development R&D specific for the decommissioning projects, where the technical information due to background of the project, is not sufficient or not available 10 Fuel and nuclear material (two basic scenarios) Spent fuel and nuclear materials is transported to existing external storage outside of the decommissioning project; only the transport to this storage is relevant Dedicated buffer storage is involved for the cases when it is not possible to transport the spent fuel and nuclear materials to external storage facilities 11 Miscellaneous expenditures Covers all other activities and costs related to decommissioning project that cannot be allocated to principal activities Transition plans, related external projects, specific payments and services Taxes, insurances, asset recovery November 3, th IDN Meeting 12

13 2) Cost categories for ISDC Four cost categories at each level and each cost items: Labour costs Investment costs Expenses Contingency Contingency Specific provision for unforeseeable elements of costs within the defined project scope. Defined individually for ISDC items Proper balanced contingency is spent in decommissioning process. Not involved in ISDC: Uncertainties - any impacts on costs outside of the scope of the decommissioning project. Risk contingency - separate item beyond ISDC definition. Expenses - examples Consumables Spare parts Protective clothing Travel expenses Legal expenses Taxes Value added tax Insurance Consultants costs Rents Office material Heating costs Water costs Electricity costs Computer costs Telephone/fax costs Cleaning Interest Public relation Licences/patents Decommissioning authorisation Income from asset recovery ("negative expenses") November 3, th IDN Meeting 13

14 2) Distribution of ISDC principal activities Typical distribution of ISDC principal activities for immediate dismantling. Definitions of principal activities respect the phases of a decommissioning project. License for Operation License(s) for Decommissioning Operation Shut down Transition Period (IAEA TRS 420) Start of Decommissioning Release of buildings Site Release Approval& End State Time 01 Pre-decommissioning actions This distribution is not the work breakdown structure (WBS) of a decommissioning project 02 Shutdown activities 05 Operational waste 04 Dismantling in controlled area 05 Decommissioning waste 06 Site infrastructure and operation 07 Conventional dismantling and demolition and site restoration 08 Project management, engineering and support: Licensee 09 R&D After accident facilities 08 Project management, engineering and support: Contractors 10 Fuel and nuclear material 11 Miscellaneous expenditures Dec. of buffer stor. Entombment Restr. site use Inst. control November 3, th IDN Meeting 14

15 2) Distribution of ISDC principal activities Typical distribution of ISDC principal activities for deferred dismantling. Definitions of principal activities respect the phases of a decommissioning project. License for Operation License(s) for Decommissioning Operation Shut down Transition Period (IAEA TRS 420) Start of Decommissioning Preparation of SE Start of SE Safe Enclosure (SE) End of SE Final Dismantling Site Release Approval& End State Time This distribution is not the work breakdown structure (WBS) of a decommissioning project After acc. After acc Prep. of SE 04 Final dism. 05 Preparation of SE 05 SE 05 Final dism. 06 Preparation of SE 06 SE 06 Final dism. 07 Preparation of SE 07 Final dism. 08 Preparation of SE_L 08 SE_L 08 Final dism._l 08 Preparation of SE_C 08 SE_C 08 Final dism._c 09 Preparation of SE 09 Final dism. 10 Dec. of buff.stor. 11 Preparation of SE 11 SE 11 Final dism. Entombment Restr. site use Inst. control November 3, th IDN Meeting 15

16 2) ISDC general presenting platform - the ISDC matrix Data input: at 3 rd level, in simple cases at 2 nd level) Boundary conditions are the pre-requisite for presenting ISDC items Additional user defined data extensions may facilitate the use of ISDC November 3, th IDN Meeting 16

17 2) Implementation of ISDC Two basic approaches for implementation of ISDC Work breakdown structure (WBS) of the decommissioning project is the base for the cost calculation structure Cost are calculated in format corresponding to the WBS structure Cost data are converted into ISDC at the third level (reference level) ISDC is the base for the cost calculation structure Extended ISDC is developed by defining numbered levels lower to the third level. By aggregating the cost data in upper levels, cost data have the ISDC format WBS based cost calculation structure Interface WBS to ISDC ISDC presenting matrix Generic ISDC structure Project specific extended ISDC cost calculation structure ISDC presenting matrix November 3, th IDN Meeting 17

18 2) Conversion of data from WBS to ISDC Existing costing methodologies may effectively implement the ISDC by proper linking of the items of the WBS-based cost calculation structures to the items of ISDC November 3, th IDN Meeting 18

19 3) Summary of decommissioning costing, general review International experience in costing is based on: Bottom-up principle Calculation of costs at the level of elementary decommissioning activities and Aggregating of costs at higher levels Unit factors approach, Calculation of costs using unit factors for normalised inventory items under ideal conditions Increasing for non-ideal working conditions (work difficulties) Cost elements identification as: Activity dependent costs - related to hands-on activities for decontamination, dismantling, waste processing, etc.; cost drivers: labour, materials/consumables, equipment, services. Main input variables - inventory data, unit factors and specific work difficulty factors. Period dependent costs - proportional to the duration of individual activities - management, administration, technical support, etc.; cost drivers: duration of the activities and staffs. Collateral costs - payments, procurement, period specific expenditures, etc. Contingency - specific provisions for unforeseeable elements within the defined project scope, November 3, th IDN Meeting 19

20 3) Principles of ISDC costing methodology Bottom up principle based on evaluation of elementary ISDC activities Unit factors and difficulty factors approach for inventory dependent activities ISDC is the skeleton of the calculation structure Four cost categories are calculated at the lowest level The numbered ISDC levels are obligatory for use Items listed in ISDC down to the third levels are the base for additional numbered levels Subject of additional numbering may be: Phases of the decommissioning project Systems and structures of the facility to be decommissioned Dismantling options Waste management activities Etc. Specific ISDC templates/catalogues may be developed November 3, th IDN Meeting 20

21 3) Principles of ISDC cost calculation methodology 1 - Costs for personnel; manpower and hour rates for professions Labour cost 2 - Overheads; indirect costs; percentage to labour costs 3 - Process cost for inventory dependent and waste management activities 4 - Process cost for period dependent activities 5 - Collateral cost: one-off payments, period specific payments Contingency ratio [%] defined for individual ISDC calculation items Expenses Investment Expenses Investment Expenses Investment Expenses Investment cost Expenses Contingency = (labour cost + investment + expenses) * contingency ratio Presented approach is used in relevant extent at the level of individual ISDC calculation items Total cost per elementary activity = labour cost + investment + expenses + contingency November 3, th IDN Meeting 21

22 3) Specifics of costing based on ISDC - grading Commissioning Operation license Decommissioning license Decommissioning Plan (DP) Use of ISDC as the checklist Preliminary DP and WBS Conceptual DP s, several revisions Final DP, one option Detailed working plans for performing of individual tasks Strategy Multi option approach Costing approach Preliminary cost estimates Simple Excel sheet ISDC 10 to ISDC 1000 Input data (inventories, unit factors, etc.) Basic set of data Estimates of inventories Basic set of techniques and unit factors Simple WM schemes items Selection of optimal strategy Intermediate cost estimates Complex Excel sheet, other software platforms ISDC 1000 ISDC 1000.xx ISDC 1000.xx.xx Intermediate data Review of documents Inspections Intermediate technique and UF Conceptual modelling Conceptual WM schemes One selected strategy Detailed costing Complex SW platforms ISDC 1000.xx.xx.xx... Detailed data Methods for detailed inventories Computer modelling Detailed techniques and UF Detailed WM schemes items >> 10 4 items Detailed tasks of selected strategy Management of decommissioning Integrated Management and Planning Systems for Decommissioning Management modules Planning modules >ISDC 1000.xx.xx.xx.xx... Data feedback module Processes Process data November 3, th IDN Meeting 22

23 4) CERREX - general features Simplified costing model for research reactors the CERREX software CERREX - Cost Estimation for Research Reactors in Excel, One of the IAEA missions is the support for decommissioning of research reactors which are spread all over the world, Target users - countries with limited experience in decommissioning costing, Purpose - preliminary cost estimation for research reactors, The costing methodology was developed as simple as possible, still having the features of ISDC costing methodology Preliminary costing for other facilities and/or for simple cases may be performed too. November 3, th IDN Meeting 23

24 4) CERREX - general features Cost calculation structure of CERREX is the generic ISDC definition Users former operators of research reactors with limited experience in decommissioning costing Limited extent of inventory data available; data are developed and introduced by users Limited extent of D&D techniques involved, representative techniques are used only, unit factors are developed and introduces by the users; WM system of CERREX is organised according to the ISDC at second level Partitioning of individual of inventory items into waste types according to the IAEA classification enables to define the waste volumes Excel software was selected for easy use, no specialised training needed November 3, th IDN Meeting 24

25 4) CERREX - costing approach ISDC is used as the check list for decommissioning activities users identifies the activities relevant for costing case; ISDC replace the role of the decommissioning plan Basic types of decommissioning activities are allocated to ISDC items : Inventory dependent activities; volume of work and related costs are defined by inventories and unit factors related to typical inventory items (decommissioning categories); work difficulty factors are used where relevant. Period dependent activities; extent of work is defined by staff and duration Collateral cost; one-off payments, period specific expendables Structure of CERREX (5 spreadsheets) - elements are is linked according to the ISDC items: ISDC cost calculation structure Three ISDC presenting forms at level1, level 2 and level 3 Inventories by ISDC; work difficulty factors Unit factors for decommissioning categories and for WM Partitioning of inventories to waste types Definition of historical/legacy waste according ISDC November 3, th IDN Meeting 25

26 4) CERREX - cost calculation methodology Labour costs are calculated based on manpower components per involved professions and hour rates per typical professions Calculation of manpower is based on: Inventories manpower unit factors for decommissioning categories work difficulty factors duration and staff for period dependent activities Investment costs and expenses Calculated using the specific cost unit factors for investment and for expenses related to decommissioning categories (inventory dependent activities and WM) Introduced as fixed values into the cost calculation structure Calculated based on duration and period specific cost unit factors Overheads is the specific type of expenses; calculated in ratios to hour rates; no personnel overheads, all personnel for the case are identified Contingency is calculated based on percentage defined for each item November 3, th IDN Meeting 26

27 4) CERREX - principal scheme DECOMMISSIONING STRATEGY Description of the decommissioning strategy considered for the costing case. ISDC is used as the checklist for proper involvement of decommissioning activities for considered decommissioning strategy in order that the costing case would be facility specific, site specific and national specific. ISDC data 1 Costs and manpower calculated data formatted in ISDC level 1 ISDC data 2 Costs and manpower calculated data formatted in ISDC level 2 ISDC data 3 Costs and manpower calculated data formatted in ISDC level 3 ISDC cost calculation structure Generic ISDC structure in the extent of three numbered ISDC levels Extension of the ISDC structure for additional calculation items Definitions of types of calculation procedures Definition of the extent of the calculation case Links to facility inventory database for taking over the inventory data and waste data Areas for introducing the item specific input data Facility inventory database systems structures work difficulty factors data for partitioning of inventory items historical/legacy waste data Unit factors and general data D&D techniques WM processes personnel data general data Data specific for individual calculation items Data for period dependent activities and collateral costs Definition of contingency November 3, th IDN Meeting 27

28 5) CERREX costing waste streams Principles of definition of waste items for processing by partitioning of inventory items and historical/legacy waste items Decommissioning waste Spreadsheet Inventory Historical/legacy waste Inventory items ISDC to ISDC to Waste items HLW [%] ILW [%] LLW [%] Partitioning of the mass of the inventory items to individual waste types Sum for HLW Sum for ILW Sum for LLW Sum for HLW Sum for ILW Sum for LLW Partitioning of the mass of the waste items to individual waste types HLW [%] ILW [%] LLW [%] VLLW [%] Sum for VLLW Sum for VLLW VLLW [%] Etc. Other types of waste Sum for EW EW [%] Sum 100 % Sum 100 % November 3, th IDN Meeting 28

29 5) CERREX costing - practical steps Definition of the cost calculation case Identification of ISDC items to be involved into the costing case Definition of type of the cost item (inventory dependent, WM, period dependent, collateral costs) Definition of contingency for individual items Definition/introducing the data for period dependent activities and collateral costs Definition of inventories for relevant ISDC items (inventory dependent ) Introducing the inventory data Definition of work difficulty factors for individual inventory items Definition of partitioning of inventory items to waste types Definition of legacy waste items Definition of unit factors for inventory dependent and WM activities Data for professions and general data ISDC presenting formats are linked to the cost calculation structure, so the cost data are available after each data modification November 3, th IDN Meeting 29

30 6) Conclusions related to CERREX CERREX tends to be a general ISDC costing platform for simplified preliminary costing cases CERREX use is intended for users with limited previous experience in costing Limited extent of inventory data is considered ISDC is the skeleton of the cost calculation structure ISDC is used as the check list for development of specific costing cases Specific unit factors for pre-defined decommissioning categories and waste management categories may be introduced by users It is expected that use of CERREX costing model will upgrade the costing skills of users November 3, th IDN Meeting 30

31 6) Conclusions related to world wide use of ISDC ISDC is in process to be the standard platform in nuclear member states of the European Union for presenting the decommissioning costs IAEA promotes the ISDC structure especially in the area of research reactors which are spread worldwide; free SW will be available. OECD/NEA promotes the ISDC structure in the frame of its member countries and by organising of the ISDC follow-up activities within the DCEG. European Commission open the possibilities in the frame of FP7 projects. East European nuclear countries are interested in ISDC (Russia, Ukraine, Armenia). World wide use of the ISDC structure would be facilitated by its acceptance in USA and Canada and by main Asian nuclear countries such as Japan, Korea, China. November 3, th IDN Meeting 31

32 6) Conclusions related to use of ISDC as the cost calculation structure Computer codes are available that implemented the ISDC as the cost calculation structure, experience shows that it is feasible. Example is the OMEGA code in Slovakia with following features [1]: Computer generation of ISDC cost calculation structures based on inventories and specific ISDC templates Integrated material and radioactivity flow, respecting the decay of radio-nuclides Pre-defined waste management scenarios Computer generation of project Gantt chart and its optimisation ISDC is open downward for developing calculation templates for specific structures such as various types of reactors, non-reactor facilities Specific costing segments may be developed such as for post-accidental decommissioning [1] DECOMMISSIONING COSTING APPROACH BASED ON THE STANDARDISED LIST OF COSTING ITEMS; LESSONS LEARNT BY THE OMEGA COMPUTER CODE, ICEM 2010, Tsukuba, Japan November 3, th IDN Meeting 32

33 6) Conclusions related to use of ISDC presenting matrix ISDC presenting matrix is the comprehensive cost format for the whole decommissioning project. Stakeholders involved in decommissioning are interested in extended cost data such as: Evaluation of uncertainties out of the scope of the decommissioning project Risk contingency Sensitivity analyses Cost-benefit analyses ISDC structure itself and the ISDC presenting matrix are the ideal platforms for the above listed operations; harmonised approaches may be developed. November 3, th IDN Meeting 33

34 Thank You for Your Attention Contact: We accumulated an experience with implementation of the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing as the cost calculation structure in several SW s November 3, th IDN Meeting 34