Fire Sprinklers 302 Important Note to the Student: Clarification:

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Sibyl George
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1 Fire Sprinklers 302 Important Note to the Student: This program covers many specific references to particular sections, paragraphs or figures in the 2007 edition of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. To effectively follow along with the technical requirements being discussed by the speaker and understand the subtle differences between certain sections, each student should have a copy of that standard readily available before beginning this program. In addition, some of the discussion in this program will highlight differences between the 2007 and 2010 editions of NFPA 13. Therefore, having a copy of the 2010 edition will be helpful, although not as imperative as the 2007 edition. If you do not have a copy of the referenced standard(s), a downloadable pdf can be purchased from the National Fire Protection Association at Clarification: As is noted in the audio for Slide 1 of this program, although this seminar is based on the 2007 edition of NFPA 13, there are two items from the 2010 edition that are mentioned in the program: 1. The issue of excessive clearance between the top of storage and the ceiling 2. The new name for the old Large Drop Sprinkler. In 2007, this sprinkler was renamed Specific Application Control Mode (SACM) sprinkler, but in the 2010 edition the name was changed to Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinkler. The student will find both terms referenced in manufacturer s data sheets, and they are interchangeable. 0

2 Fire Sprinklers 302 General Requirements, Commodities Classifications, and Protection of Idle Pallets 1

3 Prior to 2007 ed. (2002 ed.) and A Not applicable to Misc. Storage or ch Does not apply to all storage chapters A

4 2010: Different criteria for different arrangements Limits on building height In-rack sprinklers Supplemental row below top tier All others (If required) same as acceptable clearance Design criteria 3

5 Dry pipe and preaction 30% increase Maximum size 6,000 sf Multiple Adjustments Compounded Restrictions 4

6 Density K-Factor restriction Far superior performance Not applicable to Existing systems Even when brought up to new standards Fig (b) & (c) restricted No QR ceiling sprinklers High temp. curves Ord. temp rated for K

7 Requires rated construction Walls same as water duration Openings Seldom applied Cut-off rooms 6

8 Commodity classifications related protection requirements are determined based on the makeup of individual storage units (unit load, pallet load) including the product and its packaging material and container. (from Chapter 5) Specific test data of commodity by an approved testing agency are permitted to be used in determining classification of commodities. 7

9 Key factors in determination of protection levels include a complete knowledge of the type, amount & arrangement of combustibles for the commodity as an attempt to predict the severity of a potential fire based upon the same factors used in determining Occupancy Classifications anticipated heat release rates (BTU) versus the amount of water needed to control or suppress 8

10 Commodity Classes Class I Group A Plastics Class II Group B Plastics Class III Group C Plastics Class IV 9

11 Is defined as a noncombustible product: 1. Placed directly on wood pallets 2. Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with or without single-thickness cardboard dividers, with or without pallets 3. Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets 10

12 Alcoholic Beverages Cartoned or uncartoned - Up to 20 percent alcohol in metal, glass, or ceramic containers Appliances, Major (e.g., stoves, refrigerators) - Not packaged, no appreciable plastic exterior trim Batteries Dry cells (nonlithium or similar exotic metals) - Packaged in cartons Automobile - Filled* Bottles, Jars Empty, cartoned - Glass Filled noncombustible liquids - Glass, cartoned - Plastic, cartoned - less than 5 gal - Plastic, PET Filled noncombustible powders - Glass, cartoned Canned Foods In ordinary cartons Frozen Foods Nonwaxed, nonplastic packaging 11 Table A

13 Class II commodities are noncombustible products in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple-layered corrugated cartons, or equivalent combustible packaging material, with or without pallets. Class II commodities are Class I products with slightly increased amounts of combustible packaging such as multiple-layer cartons or plastic trim parts such as handles or knobs. 12

14 Alcoholic Beverages Up to 20 percent alcohol in wood containers Appliances, Major (e.g., stoves) Corrugated, cartoned (no appreciable plastic trim) Baked Goods Cookies, cakes, pies - Frozen, packaged in cartons* Batteries Fish or Fish Products Frozen - Waxed-paper containers, cartoned - Boxed or barreled Frozen Foods Waxed-paper containers, cartoned Marble Artificial sinks, countertops - Cartoned, crated Meat, Meat Products - Frozen, waxed-paper containers - Frozen, expanded plastic trays Pharmaceuticals Pills, powders - Glass bottles, cartoned Nonflammable liquids - Glass bottles, cartoned Photographic Film - Motion picture or bulk rolls of film in polycarbonate, polyethylene, or metal cans; polyethylene bagged in cardboard boxes 13 Table A

15 Class III commodities include products fashioned from wood, paper, natural fibers, or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes, or crates and with or without pallets. A Class III commodity is permitted to contain a limited amount (5 percent by weight or volume or less) of Group A or Group B plastics. Class III commodities include ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper & natural fibers in cardboard cartons on wood pallets 14

16 Aerosols Cartoned or uncartoned - Level 1 Baked Goods Cookies, cakes, pies - Packaged, in cartons Beans Dried - Packaged, cartoned Bread Wrapped, cartoned Butter Whipped spread Candy Packaged, cartoned Cartons Corrugated - Unassembled (neat piles) Coffee Beans Bagged Cotton Packaged, cartoned Diapers Cotton, linen Dried Foods Packaged, cartoned Fish or Fish Products Frozen - Plastic trays, cartoned Frozen Foods Plastic trays Furniture Wood - No plastic coverings or foam plastic cushioning 15 Table A

17 Class IV commodities shall be defined as a product, with or without pallets, that meets one of the following criteria: 1. Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics 2. Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials 3. Contains within itself or its packaging an appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent by weight or 5 percent to 25 percent by volume) of Group A plastics The remaining materials to be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, or Group B or Group C plastics 16

18 Ammunition Small arms, shotgun - Packaged, cartoned Bottles, Jars Empty, cartoned - Plastic PET (polyethylene terephthalate) Filled noncombustible powders - Plastic, cartoned [less than 1 gal (3.8 L)] Cartons Corrugated - Partially assembled Cloth Cartoned and not cartoned Diapers Disposable with plastics and nonwoven fabric (in cartons) Furniture Wood - With plastic coverings Liquor 100 proof or less, 1 gal (3.8 L) or less, cartoned - Glass (palletized)b - Plastic bottles Matches Packaged, cartoned 17 Table A

19 Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber are classified as Group A, Group B, or Group C. Some plastics are listed as both Group A & B such as PVC or ABS depending upon the amount of plasticizer used by the manufacturer of the pellets being extruded It is also critical to note whether the plastics are expanded or unexpanded 18

20 Batteries Truck or larger - Empty or filled Bottles, Jars Empty, cartoned - Plastic (other than PET), any size Filled noncombustible liquids - Plastic, open or solid plastic crates Filled noncombustible powders - Plastic, cartoned or uncartoned greater than 1 gal - Plastic, solid plastic crates - Plastic, open plastic crates Candles Packaged, cartoned - Treat as expanded plastic Carpet Tiles Cartoned Cartons Wax coated, single walled Diapers Disposable with plastics and nonwoven fabric (uncartoned), plastic wrapped Furniture Wood - With foam plastic cushioning Lighters Butane - Blister-packed, cartoned Margarine Between 50 percent and 80 percent oil (in any packaging) 19 Table A

21 Foamed or Cellular plastics where the density of the plastic is reduced by the presence of numerous small cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, dispersed throughout their mass. Surf boards; Styrofoam coffee cups & cheap coolers or similar 20

22 Is defined as a method of storage consisting of corrugated cardboard or paperboard containers fully enclosing the commodity. Cartoned expanded plastics criteria is provided Exposed expanded is very limited FM Data Sheets provide additional protection criteria 21

23 Plastics not in packaging or coverings that absorb water or otherwise appreciably retard the burning hazard of the commodity. (Paper wrapped or encapsulated or both should be considered exposed when not in cardboard cartons or wooden crates) 22

24 Plastics which fall out of their containers very early during a fire, fill flue spaces, and create a smothering effect on the fire. Examples include powder, pellets, flakes, or random-packed small objects which can pour out quickly & very early in the fire s development 23

25 Aerosols Cartoned or uncartoned Level 1 Class III Alcoholic Beverages Cartoned or uncartoned Up to 20 percent alcohol in metal, glass, or ceramic containers - Up to 20 percent alcohol in wood containers Class I Class II Ammunition Small arms, shotgun packaged, cartoned 24 Class IV

26 Glass, cartoned Class I Plastic, cartoned [less than 1 gal] Class IV Plastic, uncartoned, any size Group A plastics 25

27 Mixed commodity storage are protected based upon the highest classified commodity & storage arrangement. Protection requirements for the lesser commodity are permitted when: 10 pallets or less of higher class commodity randomly dispersed with no adjacent loads in any direction (including diagonally) in a 40,000 ft² area When ceiling protection is based on Class I or II commodities, the allowable number of pallets for Class IV or Group A plastics is reduced to five. 26

prevents the pre-wetting of adjacent combustibles,

28 A plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet load (Shrink Wrap) Encapsulation prevents the pre-wetting of adjacent combustibles, allowing a fresh fuel source when fire burns away the plastic 27

A.5.3.2 Exterior loading docks only utilized for loading and unloading should be classified as OH2.

29 A Exterior loading docks only utilized for loading and unloading should be classified as OH2. Where utilized for storage exterior loading docks and all interior loading docks should be protected based upon the actual occupancy, the materials handled on the dock, as if the materials were actually stored in that configuration. 28

30 29 Just as packaging materials must be considered in the fuel package when evaluating the classification of commodities so too must we consider the pallet when they are present

31 30 Conventional Pallets: materialhandling aids used to support a unit load with openings to provide access for material-handling devices

32 A pallet where any portion of its construction consists of plastic material. Reinforced Plastic Pallets are plastic pallets with secondary reinforcing material like steel or fiberglass within the pallet 31

33 Reinforced plastic pallets Wood pallets 32 Un-reinforced plastic pallets

34 One class upgrade for un-reinforced plastic pallets Class II -> Class III Class IV -> Group A Plastics Two class upgrade for reinforced plastic pallets Class II -> Class IV Class III -> Group A Plastics 33

35 Allowed to be stored: 1. outside of the building 2. in a detached structure 3. Indoors in accordance with

36 Control mode density area sprinkler protection per Table (a). CMSA protection per Table (c). ESFR in accordance with Table (d). 35

37 Allowed to be stored: Outside of the building In a detached structure Indoors where arranged and protected in accordance with the requirements of In accordance with the requirements of Table

38 Storage Occupancies continues in program 303 with protection criteria for Solid Piled storage. 37

HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE INFORMATION PACKET #2 COMMODITY CLASSIFICATIONS. Des Moines Fire Department Fire Prevention Bureau

HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE INFORMATION PACKET #2 COMMODITY CLASSIFICATIONS Des Moines Fire Department September 2014 HIGH PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE DOCUMENT SUMMARIES Document 1 Document 2 Document