History of Packaging. The packaging history

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Carmel Hutchinson
6 years ago
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1 istory of Packaging 6000 B.. lay vessels (Keramos=krukmakarlera) 2500 B..= Glass pearls in Babylonia 1500 B..= Glass vessels in Egypt 1000 B..= Blowing glass in Syria 1600 B..= Glass bottles in Sveden A.D.=Wood barrels in the Roman empire 1300 century= Laggade wood barrels in Sweden The packaging history 1600 s = Paper in Sweden 1800 s = Paper machine 1850 s = Machine made bags 1871 = orrugated board 1812= anning technique, Napoleon (tin cans) 1950 s= Plastics in packagings New needs: manual stores (1950), 1000 in

The packaging -the myth- Material need for 500 g

full of laminate packagings replaces three cars with

Estimated end uses of plastics, by weight v

Electrical and electronic 10 v Transport 9 v

2 The packaging -the myth- Material need for 500 g coffee Glass 470 g Plate 120 g Laminate 11g A car full of laminate packagings replaces three cars with glass packagings for the same amount of coffee Estimated end uses of plastics, by weight v Packaging 37% v Building and construction 23 v Electrical and electronic 10 v Transport 9 v Furniture 5 v ousewares 3 v Agriculture 2 v Medical 2 v Sport 2 v lothing 1 v thers 3 2

3 Materials Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyamide Polystyrene PV PETP Polycarbonate Epoxy PUR Polyethylene VLDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, DPE, UMWPE T g -70 T m pipes, cables packaging housewares n + high toughness resistant to chemicals low price low water absorption - low creep resistance high shrinkage UV-sensitive difficult to glue 3

4 Polyethylene copolymers polar copolymers, E/VA, E/BA 3 tie-layer in laminates packagings, cable insulations emulsion paints n + high toughness transparent easy to glue - higher water absorption weaker than DPE Aseptic packaging Aseptic packaging with PE hydrogen peroxide 4

5 Extrusion Blow Molding DPE bottles for milk Extrusion blow molding Shrink film PV and polyolefins Stretch film at softened state (but below melting T) Tenter frame or bubble process to yield uni- or biaxial orientation eat will cause shrinkage 5

6 Stretch film Elastic-plastic l film LLDPE, PV or EVA ast (clear) or blown (hazy) films Blown film with cling properties: Polyisobutylene tackifier lings only to itself Extrusion coating 6

7 PE or PP bags <30 µm films (bags/packagings) <250 µm films (2 m wide LDPE, low MFI construction, extension max. 1:1.8) Shrink films (1:3, 1:5) Bubble, tubular or blown film process Position of blowing equipment Thin films 40 m/min Easy start, high melt strength Short distance for melt, PV Frostline Large thick parts Important: temperature control (even thickness) 7

8 Polypropylene 3 n T g -10 T m 165 car panels ropes, pipes chassis packagings + stiffer than DPE low density steam sterilisation high fatigue strength - brittle below -20 UV-sensitive relatively difficult to glue Blow-fill-seal (BFS) Blow-fill-seal (BFS) 8

9 riented PP ot filling Kill microorganisms Lower viscosity of food Jam Fruit juices Tea Ketchup

10 Polyamide (PA) PA6, PA6,6 N ( 2 ) 5 T g 50 T m 175 gears screws cable isolation oil-contact applications n + abrasion resistant fatigue and creep resistant high chemical resistance can endure high T - UV-sensitive high water absorption Polystyrene (PS) T g 100 Packaging (IPS) ellplastics (EPS) ars, whitewares (ABS) n + low mould shrinkage hard, stiff low price - brittle (IPS, ABS tough) low T g low chemical resistance UV-sensitive 10

11 igh impact polystyrene (IPS) Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) a b c 11

12 Thermoforming PS and others Expanded polystyrene 12

13 Blowing agents v Polymers in a cellular form are used in very large volumes for thermal insulation and soft damping (furnitures) v ells can be interconnected or not. v Different gases can be housed in the cells Blowing agents-mechanisms v v v v v hemical blowing agents: compounds decompose at some stage to yield volatile species (ex. Azocarbonamide yields, 2 and N 2 ) Incorporation of low boiling liquids which volatilise during processing (PS, PUR) Diffusion of gases into polymer under pressure with subsequent expansion at elevated temp. under decompression (a wide variety of polymers) Incorporation of solid 2 in plastic (plasticized PV) Mechanical whipping of liquid - setting of whipped state (latex rubber foam) 13

14 PETP Poly(ethylene terephthalate) T g 70 photofilms bottles packagings 2 2 n + stiff, hard good chemical resistance UV-resistant creep resistant in dry conditions i - sensitive to hydrolysis high mould shrinkage/warping low ductility at cracks PETP copolymers PETP 1, 4 - yclohexane dimethanol 2 2 Isophthalic acid apet PET igh melt strength and amorphous material Extruded sheet for blister-pack applications QuickTime och en TIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerare krävs för att kunna se bilden. 14

Longer alkane part ( PBT ) Plasticisers Nucleating fillers PETP

15 PETP copolymers PET QuickTime och en TIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerare krävs för att kunna se bilden. Longer alkane part ( PBT ) Plasticisers Nucleating fillers PETP bottles PETP bottles ( homopolymer ) Stretch hblow molding Biaxial orientation 40% crystallinity 15

16 Biaxially oriented PETP (tenter process) Recycled PETP DMT+EG DMT REYLE PET PETP melt PET MELT NTINUUS PLYMERIZATIN UNIT MD M.D. Draw draw ➋ EXTRUDER ASTING DRUM asting ➊ drum DIRETIN F FILM PAT ➌ TENTER (T.D. Draw) ➍ TD draw WIND UP Wind up Biaxially oriented PETP Property: TD MD Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) Strength at 5% strain (MPa) Modulus (GPa) F t t i (%)

17 Blister packs apet Foamed PETP Low density 17

at low T low T g PV Bags Blow casing or calendering RF welding

18 PV Poly(vinyl chloride) l T g 80 Leather imitations ables Pipes onstruction n + high chemical resistance stiff low price - brittle at low T low T g PV Bags Blow casing or calendering RF welding QuickTime och en TIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerare krävs för att kunna se bilden. 18

low T) good weatherability glassfiber creep resistant in dry conditions

19 Thermoformed rigid PV as clam-shells Polycarbonate (P) 3 3 T g 150 safety glass propellants helmets D/DVD n + excellent ductility (also at low T) good weatherability glassfiber creep resistant in dry conditions i - sensitive to hot water environmental stress cracking scratch sensitive 19

20 Polycarbonate (P) Epoxy 2 l crosslinked with a diamin paints, lacquers, glue coating of metals encapsulation of electric components + excellent adhesion abrasion resistant stiff, hard chemical resistance dimensional stability - sensitive to alcohol monomers unhealthy 20

stiff, ductile, abrasion resistant chemical resistance large

21 Aluminium cans Epoxy coatings PUR polyurethane thermoset R + N R' R N R' electronic incapsulation, casings prototypes N + stiff, ductile, abrasion resistant chemical resistance large range in properties UV resistant - smoke and dang. gases upon fire opaque 21

PUR polyurethane cellplastics (stiff) R + N R' R N R' +

water = 2 and cellplastic low heat conduction casings,

22 PUR polyurethane cellplastics (stiff) R + N R' R N R' + stiff, ductile, abrasion resistant chemical resistance + water = 2 and cellplastic low heat conduction casings, covers furnitures N low mold pressure - UV-sensitive smoke and dang. gases upon fire PUR QuickTime och en QuickTime och en TIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerare krävs för att kunna se bilden. 22

TERPOLYMER ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

TERPOLYMER ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE MALEIC ANHYDRIDE Hot Melt Formulation To optimise cost/performance, OREVAC Terpolymers are combined with EVATANE. Adhesion tests have been performed in a classical Hot