Unit 4: Revolutions of Democracy

Unit 4: Revolutions of Democracy

FOQ #1: Did the English Civil War help or hurt Democracy? Explain. FOQ #2: What were the causes of the American Revolutionary War? How did it end? FOQ #3: What were the main reasons for the French Revolution? FOQ #4: What Enlightenment ideas inspired the revolutions discussed this unit? FOQs

The textbook has a ton of stuff that can help you better understand the Unit 4 FOQs English Civil War, 17.3 on pages 421-426 American Revolution, 18.4 on pages 460-463 French Revolution, 19.1-19.3 on pages 466-483 Textbook Help

The Scientific Revolution in Europe started in 1500 During that time, many new and exciting discoveries were brought to the world. Besides science, the ideas of an organized universe and the scientific method of thinking inspired European philosophers. Philosophers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft wrote about government, human rights, and individual freedoms. These ideas led to huge changes in Europe Review

Throughout Europe, the most common type of government was a monarchy. A monarchy is another name for government led by a king or a queen. When a monarch (king or queen) has total control of his/her country, they re called an absolute monarch. When they share power with an elected group of men (like Parliament), they are called a limited monarch. When a limited monarch must obey a set of written laws, they are called a constitutional monarch. Governments in Europe

With a reading partner, read Setting the Scene on page 421. Next, Copy and answer the following prompt in your notes: Give your opinion why you think there will be conflict between parliament and King James I. Remember, it s your opinion. Activity #1

James I rising to the heavens as angels prepare to crown him king. A god chosen king is called a divine right king -Peter Paul Rubens

An absolute monarch in England named James I ruled England with very harsh rule. He believed that god chose him and that no man could question his right to rule. One area that James I couldn t control and that was the English treasury. A group of elected men controlled the treasury of England They were called Parliament. This situation caused a great deal of stress between James and Parliament. When James died, his son Charles I took over and was just like his dad. Problems with the King

Help!! Charles I needed money to raise an army to fight threatened invasions from Scotland and Ireland. He asked Parliament for new taxes to raise money for the fight and in return they wanted Charles to give up more of his power. Parliament wanted protections from random arrest and imprisonment as sometimes the king would lock up his enemies. It was called the Petition of Right. Charles I refused and decided to create taxes on his own, ignoring Parliament. This leads to war! More Problems with the King

The English Civil War was fought between Parliament (Round Heads) and Charles I (Cavaliers). The English Civil War saw increased use of firearms. FOQ #1:: Did the English Civil War help or hurt Democracy? Explain.

The English Civil War was between the English Parliament and King Charles I. Each side had an army. The Round Heads and Cavaliers They fought over how much power the king would have. Parliament won the war and for a while there was no king. Oliver Cromwell was the leader of England and was supported by Parliament. Oliver Cromwell was the hero of the English civil war

The Restoration of the monarchy When Cromwell died, the English people wanted a king back. Charles I son, Charles II was asked by Parliament to be the king and accept limited powers Charles II agreed This was called the Restoration. Charles II wasn t interested in absolute power. He loved parties, entertaining, and discussing science and Enlightenment philosophy. The power that Charles II gave up went to Parliament.

The Glorious Revolution When Charles II died, his brother James II came to power. James II wanted to get back the power that Charles II lost to Parliament. James II was a disaster, so Parliament called on Mary (James II s daughter) and her husband William of Orange to rule as constitutional monarchs. This gave most of the ruling power to Parliament. This was called the Glorious Revolution. Both William and Mary agreed to follow laws called the English Bill of Rights. All future monarchs and parliament agreed to follow those laws. The Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights became the English Constitution.

Work together in your reading pairs. Read all of The Struggle Between King and Parliament on page 425, studying all the parts. Copy the timeline into your notes Then copy and answer all the questions in the Skills Assessment box at the bottom of the page. Remember that this activity is all about understanding that England wanted a king to rule with limited powers. Finish as homework if needed. Homework #1

A political cartoon written by Ben Franklin The Bill of Rights and the Constitution FOQ #2: What were the causes of the American Revolutionary War? How did it end?

The original British colonies in North America first established in the 1600 s grew very successful and it people very rich. By the 1700 s the colonies had grown and were represented by a diverse religious and ethnic groups. The colonies were left alone and became very independent Things were good

After the French and Indian War, Britain and King George III demanded that its colonies help pay for the war cost through taxes. No taxation without representation. The colonial resentment caused many clashes between the colonies and Great Britain. See the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. As anger and taxes increased, representatives from all 13 colonies met and declared their independence. Things were bad

The Declaration of Independence was inspired by John Locke s ideas. See page 461. A call for independence

The colonists joined with the French and fought against the British army. It was a difficult and bloody war, but the Continental Army won. The war for independence

A new government was formed and a constitution written. The United States of America was born. See A New Constitution on page 462-463 to discover how else the Enlightenment philosophers inspired a new nation. The United States is born

FOQ #3: What were the main reasons for the French Revolution?

The French hated the English because they were powerful competitors. The French helped the colonists against the English during the Revolution. This cost France a lot of money. After the revolution, French soldiers went back to France and shared their stories. The American Revolution inspired many French people

The American Revolution cost France a lot of money. The Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette spent tons of money of their lifestyle including their home. Bad weather destroyed crops which France needed to feed it people. France was in trouble!! The French economy was broke!

French society was divided into 3 parts called estates. The first and second estates were the very rich. The third was everyone else. The third estate were peasants, artisans, and professionals. To pay for everything, the third estate was the only part of society to pay taxes. When the king wanted to raise taxes even higher, members of the third estate had enough and wanted to make things fair. The majority of men and women in France were mad!

Work with your reading partner. Go to page 469-470 and read about the Third Estate. Next look at the picture and chart on page 469. Choose (3) colored pens and copy the chart into your notes Lastly, copy and answer the question above the chart on page 469. Activity #2

At a meeting of the estates, representatives from the third estate walked out and decided that a constitution was needed. The their Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and the Constitution, the third estate wanted the rich to pay their fair share of taxes. The king rejected this at first and there was great violence in Paris and in the countryside. Finally the king agreed to a more fair system of taxes. Many of these angry French turned to violence!

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen demanded natural rights talked about by John Locke. The Constitution of 1791 protected those rights. French revolutionaries also demanded that the government change and that power be shared like in the writings of Montesquieu. Also, revolutionaries wanted freedom of speech like Voltaire talked about. These were the things that the French revolutionaries were fighting for. At first, Louis XVI agreed but then was called a traitor. Louis was executed in 1792 and the revolution continued. Check out 478-479 to learn more. French revolutionaries were inspired by the philosophers

Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Wollstonecraft Homework #2: Review the entire unit PowerPoint and identify ideas of the philosophers that were part of the revolutions. Come up with as many examples as you can. FOQ #4: What Enlightenment ideas inspired the revolutions from this unit?