Napoleon Bonaparte. Ambition is never content even on the summit of greatness.

Transcription

1 Napoleon Bonaparte Ambition is never content even on the summit of greatness.

2 Born in Corsica as an Italian- Became a French citizen at the age of 1 Home in which Napoleon was born Corsica

3 Became dictator (all power held by a single person) of France for 10 years in 1799 when he launched a coup d etat (stroke of state) against the Directory

4 Became Emperor for life after winning a plebiscite (yes or no vote)

5 Napoleon was immediately at war with the Second Coalition (countries united against France)

6 Coalitions were formed because other European Monarchs did not want their people to see the French get away with killing their king and starting Republics.

7 Loved by all of the French

8 NAPOLEON AS LEADER OF FRANCE

9 General Reforms Freedom of worship Stabilized food prices Class Equality Rebuilt Paris Got rid of 10 day week (& calendar)

10 Legal Reform: The Napoleonic Code single set of laws for all of France Equality of law Basic liberties Restored slavery Limits on women s rights Limits on political rights and freedom of speech and press NO LAWS APPLIED TO NAPOLEON

11 Class Reforms 1. Clergy Improved Catholic s status Gave back land Dropped state controls

12 2. Nobility Allowed nobility to return from exile Gave back land and political status

13 3. Bourgeoisie Stabilized markets and trade Lowered taxes Peasants Jobs Lowered food prices

14 Napoleon as a Military Leader Wave of victories Awesome General People liked/loved him

15 Napoleon s Rise to Power Early Success 1793, drove British forces out of Toulon. Defeated the Austrians in multiple battles, forcing the Hapsburg emperor to make peace. Set up a three-man governing board known as the Consulate. Took the title of first consulate and in 1802 had himself named consul for life.

16 Napoleon s Rise to Power A New France, A New Emperor By 1804, Napoleon had enough power to become Emperor. Napoleon knew he had support as he held a plebiscite, or ballot in which voters say yes or no. Each time, the French strongly supported him.

17 Building an Empire A New European Empire Napoleon annexed, or added outright to France lands including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany. The Battle of Trafalgar French naval defeat at the hands of the British. The Continental System Economic warfare waged against the British by closing European ports to British goods. The British responded with its own blockade. This plan did not defeat the British, instead resent grew as prices throughout Europe rose.

18 THREE BLUNDERS

19 1. Spain kicked out old king and put his brother, Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish fought back with help from the British. Guerrilla Warfare destroyed the French. Napoleon has to pull out (300,000 French killed)

20 2. Continental System Napoleon tried to isolate trade with Britain (to hurt their economy), but it backfired. Battle of Trafalgar - Napoleon lost to the British navy. This was Napoleon s first major defeat

21 British BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR French Lord Nelson Admiral Villeneuve- Crosses the T The British More ships, slower ships have better communication Shoot chainshot into faster fire of cannons rigging and shoot the hull of the ship

22 Battle of Trafalgar

23 3. Russia (1812) Napoleon goes in with 400,000 + troops, comes back with 10,000

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25 While Napoleon was down, the other countries ganged up to defeat him at the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations)

26 Napoleon gives up the throne and was exiled to Elba.

27 100 Days - Napoleon s return to power People didn t like Louis XVIII (brother of the guillotined king) Napoleon escaped Elba (Louis fled) Napoleon regained full power Napoleon: best defense is a good offense. He attacked the British General Wellington at Waterloo (Belgium) Napoleon was defeated for the final time

28 This time he s sent to St. Helena, between Africa and South America He died in 1821 of a stomach ailment.

29 LEGACY Rise of Nationalism Division of people by country not social class People willing to go to war based on love of country Wars to combine city-states, divide empires

30 LEGACY (CONTINUED) Need for: Coalitions and alliances Diplomacy as an option to war

31 The End of an Era Downfall of Napoleon Russia Czar Alexander I withdraws from the Continental System due to economic and political frustrations. Napoleon responds by sending 400,000 soldiers to Russia. Instead of fighting, Russians retreat East, burning crops and villages (scorched earth) as they went. When Napoleon entered Moscow he realized he could not feed his troops so he returned home with only 10,000 troops.

32 Waterloo The End of an Era After returning from exile Napoleon fought the British and Prussian armies at Waterloo, Belgium. The French lost in a day long battle and Napoleon was forced into exile again.

33 LEGACY (CONTINUED) Spread of ideas: Political philosophy Revolution as an option Equality, speech, voting, property Rise of a professional military