Renewable Energy in The Netherlands May 2017
Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl Twitter: @BM_Visser This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. May-17 Page 2
The Entrance database on Renewable Energy is regularly improved by the creation and/or refinement of (sub)models Recent improvements In November 2016, a real time application for solar, wind biogas energy has been launched: Energieopwek.nl This real-time application has been sponsored by SER, Gasunie New Energy, TenneT and NetbeheerNederland In March 2017, the module to calculate the percentage renewable energy was slightly improved May-17 Page 3
Fraction Renewable Energy until Q1 2017 The fraction renewable energy has been calculated using the official EU regulations. In Q1 2017, the Netherlands actually produced 6.0% of its final energy consumption in the form of renewables. Please be aware that in international statistics, wind energy is based on the average wind availability during a consecutive number of years, and not on the actual availability of wind. May-17 Page 4
May 2017 In a Nutshell In May 2017, the fraction renewable energy was 6.5% Solar PV generation was 0.28 TWh, 29% higher than in May 2016 Wind electricity generation was 0.74 TWh, 10% higher than in May 2016 Final energy consumption was 43 TWh, about 10% higher than last year CO2 emissions from energy usage were 13.1 Mton, 7% higher than year The fraction renewable energy was 6.5%, up down from 7.1% last year. The percentage renewable power was 13%, similar to last year LNG imports have increased to 2.8 TWh, from 0.6 TWh in May 2016 May-17 Page 5
Content May 2017 data Monthly profiles Monthly data Energy demand in a nutshell Hourly data Miscellaneous May-17 Page 6
SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM MAY 2017 May-17 Page 7
Renewable Energy May 2017 Renewable Energy is produced in various forms. The most important contributors are biomass (biogas, waste, wood and bio-oil) and wind energy. In May 2017, calculated according to the official rules, 6.5% of energy consumed in the Netherlands was renewable energy. May-17 Page 8
Final Energy Demand May 2017 Energy is used for many different purposes. The most important energy applications were based on gas (heating and industry) and oil (various forms of transport). May-17 Page 9
CO2 Emissions May 2017 In May 2017, the national energy-related CO2 emissions, calculated using the official methods, are estimated at 13.1 Mton, an increase of 0.8 Mton compared to May 2016. May-17 Page 10
Power Generation Capacity May 2017 The capacity (beginning of May) is the so-called name-plate capacity. In practice, not all capacity is available for the market due to planned and unplanned maintenance and mothballing. May-17 Page 11
Power Supplies May 2017 In May 2017, power consumption, including transmission losses, is estimated at 10.4 TWh, an increase by 10% compared to last year. May-17 Page 12
CO2 from Dutch Power Generation May 2017 The daily CO2 emission per kwh produced varies due to variations in the power mix. On average, the CO2 emission in May 2017 was 480 g/kwh, up from 420 g/kwh in April. The decrease is due to lower wind production and higher coal utilization. May-17 Page 13
SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES (using daily data) May-17 Page 14
Daily Renewable Energy May 2017 The daily contributions to the renewable energy, according to the classification by CBS. In May the average daily gross final energy consumption was 1380 GWh per day. One GWh is one million kwh or about 100.000 m3 of natural gas. May-17 Page 15
Energy Demand May 2017 Daily energy demand shows a typical weekday-weekend pattern. Gas demand is (partly) dependent on ambient temperature. May-17 Page 16
Conventional Power Generation May 2017 Conventional power generation on 6-7 May 2017 was affected by high wind and solar production and high imports. In May, the nuclear power plant Borssele was off line. May-17 Page 17
Daily Wind and Solar Power Production May 2017 May 2017 was characterized by a lot sun and moderate wind. The average utilization rate of the wind turbines was 23%. For solar-pv the average utilization rate was 18%. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year for 300 households. May-17 Page 18
Contribution of Renewable Energy May 2017 In May, the percentage of renewable power varied between 8% and 24%, with an average of 13%. The average percentage of renewable energy was 6.5%. These percentages have been calculated using the official EU methods. May-17 Page 19
SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA May-17 Page 20
Gross Final Energy Consumption 2017 (and 2016) The gross final consumption of energy is a quantity used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy. This quantity excludes the energy used in the energy sector (mainly due to the production of electricity), for international shipping and for feedstock and the energy used for international aviation above 6.18% of the total May-17 Page 21
Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power) 2017 (and 2016) Gas consumption in May, excluding gas-to-power, was slightly higher than last year. May-17 Page 22
Gas Production 2017 (and 2016) In May, Dutch natural gas production was significantly lower than last year. May-17 Page 23
Power Demand 2017 (and 2016) In May, Dutch power demand, including transmission losses, was 10% higher than last year. May-17 Page 24
Wind Production 2017 (and 2016) Wind production in May 2017 has been estimated at 0.74 TWh, 10% higher than May last year. The average utilization of wind capacity, combined onshore and offshore, was 23%. May-17 Page 25
Solar PV Production 2017 (and 2016) In May 2017, Solar PV reached 0.28 TWh. This is 30% higher than last year. The increase in solar-pv capacity was mainly due to an increased balanced by less sunshine. In May, the average utilization rate of solar-pv capacity was 18%. May-17 Page 26
Coal-to-Power 2017 (and 2016) For May 2017, coal-fired power generation has been estimated to be slightly higher than in May 2016, due to higher power demand. May-17 Page 27
Gas to Power 2017 (and 2016) For May 2017, gas-fired power has been estimated to be higher than last year. This is due to a higher power demand May-17 Page 28
LNG imports 2017 (and 2016) This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid. The figure excludes the usage of LNG as transport fuel. Since April, LNG supplies to the Netherlands have considerably increased 1 TWh is equal to about 100 million m3 gas December--15 Page 29
Renewable Energy All Sources 2017 (and 2016) This assessment is based on various assumptions. Due to more wind and solar generation capacity renewable energy production in 2017 is structurally higher than last year May-17 Page 30
Renewable Energy Percentage 2017 (and 2016) In May, the percentage of renewable energy was 6.5%, this is 0.5% lower than last year. The decrease is primarily caused by higher energy demand (be aware that in international statistics, wind energy production is corrected to average wind speed) May-17 Page 31
CO2 Emissions 2017 (and 2016) CO2 emissions in May 2017 were slightly higher than in May 2016, due to a higher national energy demand May-17 Page 32
ENERGY DEMAND IN A NUTSHELL May-17 Page 33
National Energy Demand May 2017 Dutch government has allocated Energy Demand in four categories. These categories (and this figure) do not take into account energy demand for international shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 GWh is about equal to the average daily energy production of 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each) May-17 Page 34
National Energy Demand Low Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for Low Temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses, varies with ambient temperature. May-17 Page 35
National Energy Demand High Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for High Temperature Heat (mainly industry) varies with the economic activities in the Netherlands. Higher gas demand in industry indicates economic growth. May-17 Page 36
National Energy Demand Transportation The primary energy requirement for Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation) varies with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel purchases abroad, e.g. because of lower taxes, are not included in this figure May-17 Page 37
National Energy Demand by Power Sector The primary energy requirement for the power sector varies, with the import/export balance and with the production of renewable power. This figure excludes the primary energy demand associated with power imports May-17 Page 38
National CO2 Emissions May 2017 This figure shows the daily CO2 emission of each of the four demand sectors. This figure does not take into account the energy demand for shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 kton CO2 is equal to the average daily CO2 emission of 90.000 households, each using 1500 m3 gas and 3500 kwh electricity annually May-17 Page 39
National CO2 emissions Low Temperature Heat The CO2 emissions from Low Temperature Heat, mainly buildings and green houses, vary with ambient air temperature and the fraction of renewable energy which is used, mainly biomass and heat pumps. This figure excludes the CO2 emissions due to the production of electricity used in low temperature heating May-17 Page 40
National CO2 emissions High Temperature Heat CO2 emissions from High Temperature Heat, mainly industry, vary mainly with the economic activity in the Netherlands May-17 Page 41
National CO2 emissions Transportation CO2 emissions from Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation, which are not accounted for in the national CO2 emissions) vary with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel bought abroad, e.g. because of lower prices, is not included in this figure as well May-17 Page 42
National CO2 emissions by Power Sector CO2 emissions from the power sector vary with the amount of coal used for power generation, the amount of renewable power produced, and the level of power imports May-17 Page 43
SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA May-17 Page 44
Gas Supply May 2017 The send-out of the gas storages is mainly related to ambient temperatures, but shows as well a week-weekend pattern. In December the storages were sometimes being filled, which is represented by negative values. Gas supplies include Dutch consumption and exports May-17 Page 45
Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power May 2017 Domestic gas demand in May peaked at 70 GW. In this graph, the term industry is defined as direct connections to the Gasunie grid. The term distribution includes households, offices, commercials and small and medium size industries connected to the gas distribution grids May-17 Page 46
Gas Imports & Exports May 2017 In May 2017, gas imports were 38 TWh while gas exports were 28 TWh. Thus, the Netherlands was a net importing gas country. May-17 Page 47
Power Imports & Exports May 2017 In May 2017, power imports were 2.1 TWh, while power exports were 0.3 TWh. Consequently, in May, the Netherlands imported 15% of its power consumption. May-17 Page 48
Wind Power May 2017 May 2017 was characterized by a rather volatile production of wind energy; the average utilization rate of the wind turbines was 23%. The installed wind power capacity (onshore and offshore) is about 4300 MW May-17 Page 49
Solar PV Power May 2017 May was rather sunny; the utilization rate of solar PV installed was 18%. The installed solar power capacity in the Netherlands is about 2100 MW May-17 Page 50
The following set of slides presents for each month in 2016 the hourly contributions of various energy sources to total power consumption in The Netherlands. May-17 Page 51
Power Generation January 2017 In the second half January, gas-fired power generation peaked, due to low wind availability and net exports (negative numbers in the graph) occurring simultaneously. May-17 Page 52
Power Generation February 2017 In the second half February, wind power generation and power imports were high. Hence, national gas-fired generation and even coal-fired generation were significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) May-17 Page 53
Power Generation March 2017 In the second half March, wind power generation and power imports were rather volatile. Hence, national gas-fired generation and even coal-fired generation were significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) May-17 Page 54
Power Generation April 2017 In April, wind power generation and power imports were rather volatile. Hence, national gas-fired generation was significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) May-17 Page 55
Power Generation May 2017 In May, net power imports were high. Hence, national gas-fired generation was significantly affected. According to data by TenneT, the nuclear power station Borssele was not on line in May. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) May-17 Page 56
The following set of slides presents for each week in 2017 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. May-17 Page 57
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 58
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 59
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 60
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 61
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 62
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 63
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 64
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 65
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 66
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 67
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 68
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 69
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 70
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 71
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 72
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 73
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 74
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 75
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 76
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 77
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 May-17 Page 78
MISCELLANEOUS May-17 Page 79
Effective Temperature May 2017 In May 2017, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was similar to in May 2016. May-17 Page 80
Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 204 279 341 450 298 396 798 Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. May-17 Page 81
Epilogue b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl This presentation is based on numerous sources on energy demand, supply and production in The Netherlands. Unfortunately, these sources do not cover the entire Dutch energy system, nor do these sources provide the insights needed for this presentation. Thus, various approximations and scaling factors were derived and used. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen and various consulted energy experts for there feedback on the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS) and it is believed that the this presentation gives a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. May-17 Page 82