Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:

Transcription

1 Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551 Lesson 8, Worldwide Production Systems Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax: slove@uidaho.edu Production System Categories Common to developed countries Common to the US and Europe Contemporary Common to 3 rd world countries Objective: Produce vegetable tbl crops for sale and profit 1

2 Located in developed, politically stable countries Percent corruption related to stability and amount of intensive agriculture Located where production and market conditions are optimized. 2

3 Farms centered in rural locales Requires large, contiguous acreage Managed as a rotational monoculture 3

4 Low species density (plantains) Producers specialize in one or a few crops Aimed at production efficiency and profitability (scale) 4

5 Highly mechanized (soil prep, planting, cultivation, harvesting, handling) Minimal hired labor Employ modern technology and researchbased methods 5

6 Incorporates the routine use of fertilizers and pesticides Harvest is short-term and scheduled to maximize yield and quality Short and long-term storage common 6

7 Heavily dependent on longdistance tranport Usually massmarketed through a single wholesale buyer Objective: Produce vegetable tbl crops for profit, supplement personal diet 7

8 Located throughout the world (dedicated organic production is associated with developed countries) Commonly in suburban locales with easy access to urban markets Requires small to moderate amounts of noncontiguous acreage 8

9 Aimed at meeting market preferences Production is small-scale monoculture or limited companion planting Species density is moderate Species choice is marketdriven 9

10 Management is not crop specific Minimal crop-based efficiency Moderately mechanized soil prep, planting Moderate to high labor requirements 10

11 Utilizes traditional (sustainable) methods Technology levels range from very low to high Organic production involves use of approved fertilizer and pesticide products 11

12 Harvest timing is market driven and continuous over a set season Typically y involve only short-term, small-scale storage Transportation needed only for market delivery 12

13 Produce marketed through many retail and wholesale channels Objective: Produce vegetables for personal and family consumption Primarily adopted in developing and 3 rd world countries 13

14 Subsistence agriculture is related to poverty levels Countries high in subsistence agriculture have high rates of hunger and starvation Family farm in Peru 14

15 Dacha in Russia Family farm in Africa Located wherever people live urban and rural 15

16 Utilizes land resources available regardless of size, shape, suitability Production of mixed crops, relay planting, companion crops and often includes animals Very high species density 16

17 Methods not specialized by crop usually suboptimal for all crops Aimed at providing a continuous supply of food Vertical farming methods employed where land is scarce 17

18 High labor requirements, provided by family, including children Little or no advanced technology employed sometimes animal power Fertility provided by recycled animal waste 18

19 Pesticides used only if available and/or affordable Harvest is continuous where the growing season allows Limited storage capability ambient conditions (yam storage) 19

20 Primitive preservation methods used (making chuno) Primitive preservation methods used (cassava flour for bread) Transportation limited manually powered and public transportation sometimes used 20

21 Additional Production Comparisons Production Objectives: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Efficiency/Profit Profit/ Consistent Meet market food supply demand Additional Production Comparisons Regional Economic Impact: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Very high Moderate to high Low Additional Production Comparisons Reasons for Crop Choice: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Cultural preference/ Local market Dependability/ Market quality demand/ Tradition Ethnic opportunity 21

22 Additional Production Comparisons Input Costs: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Very high High Low Additional Production Comparisons Required Financial Assistance: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Long-term credit Credit Little or none Additional Production Comparisons Labor Characteristics: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Full-time/ Family/ Family/ Transient Part-time Neighbors 22

23 Labor associated with agricultural development Additional Production Comparisons Labor Skills Required: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Agronomy/ Horticulture Gardening Agri-business/ Marketing Additional Production Comparisons Space Utilization: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Continuous/ Sporadic/ Continuous/ Intense/ Horizontal/ Horizontal/ Horizontal Vertical Vertical 23