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1 GIS 39 Vol.4, No.2, Summer 202 Iranian Remote Sensing & GIS TERRA MODIS * GIS. GIS /7/29 : 390/9/23 :. LSWI 205 NDVI. (MOD3Q) 250 MODIS 6 NDVI LSWI 205 LSWI NDVI (390 ) LSWI 205 NDVI ( ) /87 67/2. MOD3Q.LSWI 205 NDVI MODIS : : * abkar@kntu.ac.ir

2 / Peng et al., 20; Xiao et al., ).( o 0/5 o.(aselman 989; Matthews 99) 0 (5 arc minutes).(leff, 2004) (TM) 30 ). ( (ETM+) 7 (RGVI). 5 2 R =0/97 SLC-Off (2006). Land Use/Land Cover - IRRI, ).(993; Maclean, IRRI, ).(993 0 (Denier Van Der Gon, 2000) (Houghton, 200) Xiao et al., ).(2005 Denier Van Der Gon 2000; ).(FAOSTAT 200 Xiiao et al., ) /.(2005.(Wardlow et al., 2007)

3 TERRA MODIS MODIS 2 EVI NDVI 3 LSWI.. 20 :. Xiao MODIS MODIS 2005 ( ) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 2. Enhanced Vegetation Index 3. Land Surface Water Index (CBERS) (999).(Han, 2006) TM - JERS SAR.(Okamoto, 999)... Clark et al., ).(200; Nuarsa, 200.(Xiao et al., 2005) The Moderate resolution Imaging ) MODIS (Spectroradiometer.(Huete 2002; Sinkyu 2004).(Peng et al., 20) ( ) 39 77

4 MODIS ETM+ SLC-ON SLC-OFF ETM TM LSWI 205 NDVI 5 MODIS 6. (MOD3Q) 250 LSWI 205 NDVI. MOD3Q.. Surface Reflectance 2. Early rice 3. Single rice 4. Late rice 5. Vegetation Indices NDWI, LSWI, ) 5. (NDVI, NDSI, NDBSI.. MODIS NDWI EVI MODIS 6. (MOD3Q) (20) ( ) LSWI EVI NDVI MODIS (MOD09A) 500 Peng et al. 20; ).(Xiao et al. 2006; Xiao et al MOD09A 9. 0 ETM+ TM ( ) 39 78

5 TERRA MODIS.(APERI, 390).( ).(APERI, 390) 379..(APERI, 390) E N) 28. ( ( )

6 H 22 V 05 ) LPDAAChttps://Ipdacc.usgs.gov/( 250 Mob 3 Q. 4 EVI NDVI ( nm) ( nm) (84-876nm). ( nm) MOD 3 Q. (LSWI 205 ) MOD 09) 2 (L2G) 2 (Series 3 Geo-Angle ) -2-2 MODIS NASA s Mission MODIS John J. Qu, ) NASA.(2006. MODIS Terra MODIS 2 Aqua-MODIS.(John J. Qu, 2006) 2002 : 3 MODIS Christopher ).(Justice, 998. /. ( ) (State QA) (File MOD09GQ * 2.(Huete, 2002) 4 6SV MOD3Q 6SV MOD3Q.(Vermote, 2006) 3 Geo- Location EVI NDVI. LSWI (84-876nm). Sinusoidal 2. Surface Reflectance Daily Level-2G (MOD09GQ) 3. Pointer File 4. Second Simuaation of the Sensor Signal with Solar Spectrum Bhaskar ).(Ramachandran, 20. MODIS MOD3Q. MODIS (MOD3) EVI NDVI SIN ( ) MOD3Q. NASA S Mission 39 80

7 TERRA MODIS ) ( ). ( :25/ ( ) ) 3 ) ( ) (. ( ( : 3. (3 ( (Xiao et al., 2005). Surface 2. Apparent 3. Panicle initiation ( nm) EVI NDVI. MOD3Q EVI NDVI LSWI 205 :(Ramon Solano, 200) NDVI NIR RED NIR RED () (2) EVI / ( NIR RED) (L C C ) LSWI » NIR RED BLUE NIR MIR 205 NIR MIR205 (3) 2 L «C 2 C 6 7/5.(Huete, 996) (DEM) (DEM) ASTER 30 ASTER GDEM ( GeoTiff Envi DEM. UTM

8 EVI. NDVI NDVI LSWI 205 LSWI 205 NDVI NDVI EVI. LSWI 205.(2 ) LSWI 205 LSWI 205. NDVI. NDVI LSWI (Xiao et al., 2005) LSWI 205 EVI NDVI NDVI EVI LSWI 205 ) 389 LSWI 205.( MODIS ( / N, / E ) (MOD3Q)

9 TERRA MODIS. NDVI. NDVI NDVI 0/3792 NDVI. MOD3Q ).(5 4. ( ) 3 ( ). ( ) 4. EVI NDVI) 3 (LSWI (4 ). LSWI NDVI NDVI... 5 NDVI LSWI NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI. ( 32) EVI NDVI. NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI 39 83

10 .(4 ) NOVI LSWI 205 9) NPVI NPVI (. 0/379.(3 ) ( ) 3 LSWI 205 EVI,NDVI.3.4 NDVI EVI LSWI

11 TERRA MODIS..(5 ). LSWI 205. EVI LSWI 205 NDVI. NDVI LSWI ).(6 389 ) LSWI 205 ( NDVI NDVI LSWI LSWI 205 LSWI 205. LSWI ( ) LSWI 205 EVI NDVI

12 .6. ) NDVI NDVI NDVI. 6 t NDVI NDVI t.(7 ) NDVI MODIS :... 6 MOD3Q NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI LSWI t

13 TERRA MODIS 4 3 NDVI (8).(8 ) NDVI LSWI 205. Input: (LSWI205& NDVI) :NDVI LSWI205 [ (LSWI205) > (NDVI) ] (t) or (t+) or (t+2) or (t+3) or (t+4) (4) [(NDVI)(t)<(NDVI)(t+)and (t+2)and (t-)and (t+2)] (5) AND [(NDVI)(t+2)>(0.5*Max.NDVI)] (6) Output: Paddy rice Field.7 Input: (LSWI205& NDVI) :NDVI LSWI205 [ (LSWI 205 ) > (NDVI) ] (t) or (t+) or (t+2) or (t+3) or (t+4) (7) (NDVI)(t)< Max (NDVI(t+3), NDVI(t+4)) (8) Output: Paddy rice Field

14 .. LSWI 205 NDVI. LSWI 205 NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI (9). (9) [NDVI (t5)<lswi 205 (t5)] AND [NDVI (t6) < LSWI 205 (t6)] NDVI LSWI NDVI ( ) NDVI 6. 0/6 NDVI. Digital elevation model 2. Japan International Cooperation Agency -3-3 (DEM) (Peng et al., 20) (6 o ) (JAICA). (DEM) LSWI 205 NDVI 39 88

15 TERRA MODIS MODIS :25/ ( ) Google Earth MODIS. 383 MODIS ( ) / (LAI) NDVI. ) LSWI 205 (. LSWI 205 ( ). 0/5 LSWI 205 0/5 LSWI MODIS ) 390.(

16 MODIS.9 2 MODIS

17 TERRA MODIS.2. (8) (5) NDVI... (P/A) MODIS.(Peng et al., 20) MODIS :25/000 2.(3 ). Confusion Matrix 2. Overall Accuracy (2 ) 2 67/23. 80/8743. NDVI. (5) NDVI 39 9

18 ( ) MODIS ( ).3 LSWI 205 EVI NDVI.4 NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI LSWI 205 MOD3Q. EVI NDVI LSWI 205 MODIS 32689/ /

19 TERRA MODIS APERI, 20, Annual Report Crop Cultivation, In. Agricultural Planning Economic & rural Development Research Institute, The Ministry of Jahad-e Agriculture. Aselman, I., Crutzen, P.J., 989, Global Distribution of Natural Freshwater Wetlands and Rice Paddies, their net primary productivity, seasonality and possible methane emissions, J. Atmos. Chem, 8, PP Bhaskar Ramachandran, C.O.J., Michael J. Abrams, 20, Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change NASA s Earth Observing System and the Science of ASTER and MODIS, Springer Science. Christopher O. Justice, E.V., Member, 998, The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land Remote Sensing for Global Change Research, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 36. Clark, M.L., Aide, T.M., Grau, H.R., & Riner, G., 200, A Scalable Approach to Mapping Annual Land Cover at 250 m Using MODIS Time Series Data: A Case Study in the Dry Chaco Ecoregion of. 4 EVI R 2 LSWI 205 NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI.. MOD3Q... MODIS.. MODIS. 6 8 MODIS MODIS VIIRS 375 MODIS. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite 39 93

20 South America, Remote Sensing of Environment, 4, PP Denier Van Der Gon, H., 2000, Changes in CH4 Emission from Rice Fields from 960s to 990s:, Impacts of modern rice technology. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,, PP FAOSTAT, 200, Statistical Database of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Han, Y.J., Li, J.P., Zhang, X.Y., Kang, Y.L., 2006, Application of CEBRS in the Investigation of Paddy Rice Area in Ningxia, Agric. Netw. Inf.,, PP. 3-4 (in Chinese). Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E. P., Gao, X., Ferreira, L. G, 2002, Overview of The Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of The MODIS Vegetation Indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, PP Huete, A.R., Liu, H. Q., Batchily, K., and van Leeuwen, W., 996, A Comparison of Vegetation Indices Over a Global Set of TM Images for EOS-MODIS, Remote Sensing of Environment, 59, PP IRRI, 993, IRRI Rice Almanac, Manila, In: International Rice Research Institute. J. T. Houghton, Y.D., D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, & C. A. Johnson (Eds.), 200, Climate Change 200, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, PP John J. Qu, W.G., Menas Kafatos,Robert E. Murphy,Vincent V. Salomonson, 2006, Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing, Data, Computational Processing, and Tools. Leff, B., Ramankutty, N., Foley, J.A, 2004, Geographic Distribution of Major Crops Across the World, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 8, GB009. Maclean, J.L., Dawe, D.C., Hardy, B., Hettel, G.P, 2002, Rice Almanac: Source Book for the Most Important Economic Activity on Earth, CABI Publishing. Matthews, E., Fung, I., Lerner, J., 99, Methane Emission from Rice Cultivation: Geographic and Seasonal Distribution of Cultivated Areas and Emissions, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5, PP Nuarsa I.W., F.N., C. Hongo, 200, Development of the Emprical Model for Rice Field Distribution Mapping Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Etm-Data: Case Study in Bal Indonesia, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, XXXVIII. Okamoto, K., Kawashima, H., 999, Estimating of Rice-planted Area in the Tropical Zone Using a Combination of Optical and Microwave Satellite Sensor Data, Int. J.Remote Sensing of Environment, 20(5), PP Peng, D., Huete, A.R., Huang, J., Wang, F., & Sun, H., 20, Detection and Estimation of Mixed Paddy Rice Cropping Patterns 39 94

21 TERRA MODIS with MODIS Data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 3, PP Ramon Solano, K.D., Andree Jacobson, Alfredo Huete, 200, MODIS Vegetation Index User s Guide (MOD3 Series), In. The University of Arizona. Sinkyu, K., Steven, W.R., Jong-Hwan, L., Zhao, M.S., Chan-Ryul, P., Rachel, L., 2004, A Regional Phenology Model for Detecting Onset of Greenness in Temperate Mixed Forests, Korea: an application of MODIS leaf area index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, PP Vermote, E.F., Kotchenova, S.Y. Ray, J.P., 2006, Atmospheric Correction for the Monitoring of Land Surface, Journal of Geophysical Research. Wardlow, B.D., Egbert, S.L., & Kastens, J.H., 2007, Analysis of Time-series MODIS 250 m Vegetation Index Data for Crop Classification in the U.S. Central Great Plains, Remote Sensing of Environment, 08, PP Xiao, X., Boles, S., Frolking, S., Li, C., Babu, J.Y., Salas, W., & Moore Iii, B., 2006, Mapping Paddy Rice Agriculture in South and Southeast Asia Using Multitemporal MODIS Images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 00, PP Xiao, X., Boles, S., Liu, J., Zhuang, D., Frolking, S., Li, C., Salas, W., & Moore Iii, B., 2005, Mapping Paddy Rice Agriculture in Southern China Using Multi-temporal MODIS Images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 95, PP