Danish Pesticide Action Plans and IPM achievements. Lise Nistrup Jørgensen Aarhus University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

Transcription

1 Danish Pesticide Action Plans and IPM achievements Lise Nistrup Jørgensen Aarhus University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

2 Pesticide Action Plan I ( ) Bichel Committee ( ) Pesticide Action Plan II ( ) Pesticide Action Plan III Green Growth All pesticide action plans included: Quantitative reduction targets for Treatment Frequency Index (TFI) Strict requirements for authorization

3 Kg active ingredients sold to Danish agriculture from 1981 to kg active ingredients '01 '03

4 What is TFI TFI: The number of times the agricultural area can be treated with standard doses of pesticides based on the official gross sales Good way of measuring the use of pesticide. Both at national level and farm level Some countries are introducing TFI based on products rather than active ingredients TFI will be changed in new Green growth plan to pesticide load

5 Potential for Reductions GKP 135 kr. pr. hkg 80 kr pr. hkg cost per ha in DKK Omkostninger (DKK pr. ha) 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 Pesticidforbrug Pesticide use TFI (BI) 1,2 1,0 0,8

6 Danish use of pesticides measured as TFI Treatment Frequency Index

7 Development of pesticide Treatment Frequency Index 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 segments Herbicider Fungicides Fungicider Insecticides Insekticider Plant Vækstregulering growth regulators 0,

8 Why is pesticide use increasing? More grass weeds More winter cereals Early sowing Minimal tillage New pests (BYDV, brown rust, Fusarium, etc) Less elastic dosages with new products Less benefit from mechanical weeding than expected Higher grain prices

9 Elements in the Danish plan Strict procedure for approval Danish focus on clean ground water Tax on pesticides 33% on herbicides and fungicides 50% on insecticides Education 2 weeks course followed by exam Obligatory log book for spray activities Random inspection of sprayers Intensive advisory activities Support of research

10 Toxic load on aquatic organisms TFI Algae Fish Daphnia

11 Carcinogenic effect

12 Green Growth new plan for farming, nature, and environment

13 GOALS in Green Growth Development of a new indicator a new pesticide treatment index (TFI) Former goal: TFI of 1.7 New goal: new TFI of 1.4 by 2013 The indicator will be modified to include the health and environmental risk of the pesticides Focus on pesticide residues in Danish produced crops/food and leachng of pesticides and metabolites to the ground water More IPM

14 Grundvand Ground water is very important in Denmark 99% of drinking water comes from GW. vigtigt i DK We have asked for a special right to ensure our Water ressource in EU

15 Increase in organic area The area should be doubled by % to 15% Organic farming ha

16 Protection of aquatic environment Compulsory 10 m buffer strips along all waterways by These will be free of pesticides, fertilizers and will have to be uncultivated. However, certain energy crops and pasture can be grown. 25 m buffer zone around groundwater drills for drinking water

17 How to reach the goals 1? New pesticide tax system Tax on TFI. Taxes will be approximately doubled. Tax should increase the incentive for farmers to check the need for pesticides before each treatment A tax of 40 per TFI has been calculated to stimulate a reduction The pesticides which provide the highest risk to human health and the environment will be given the highest tax level. Low risk products will have a low tax level The taxes will be reimbursed/refunded to the farmers/agricultural sector by relief of other taxes

18 How to reach the goals -2? Strengthening of the present extension service - in particular on integrated pest management Compulsory submission of spray records of each field to national authorities included in yearly statistics on pesticide use Development of crop specific IPM guidelines Further development of monitoring and warning systems Research: IPM, pesticide risks,

19 How to reach the goals 3? Control/inspection Inspection system of pesticide application equipment Control of the pesticide stock at farms as well as the pesticide use Implementation and control of new rules on where and how to clean the pesticide spraying equipment Control if farmers have acquired pesticide application licence and checking if updated every 4 years Control of illegal import of pesticides Control of pesticide residues in food

20 IPM Two case studies: Fungicides in cereals Herbicides in cereals

21 The EU requires IPM by what does this mean??? 1. Blind chemical control Schematic and routine treatments 2. Chemical control based on advice Recommendation given by region often using broad spectrum pesticides 3. Specific control Use economic threshold levels. differentiate between pesticides (including impact on beneficials) 4. Integrated plant protection Use mainly cultural methods and only limited input of pesticides 5. Integrated agricultural production Use and exploit all positive factors in the agro-ecosystem Definition given by IOBC

22 Elements in wheat IPM for diseases National monitoring of diseases Data on variety susceptibility Data on fungicide efficacy. Need for many field trials to support the use of reduced rates Implementation of threshold models

23 Monitoring network Need for treatment No need (45 loc.)

24 Susceptible variety Resistant variety

25 Major thresholds in wheat Disease Examples of threshold in CPO Eyespot >35% plants attacked at GS Mildew Septoria >10% plants attacked from GS 29 (S) >25% plants attacked from GS 29 (R) No treatments after GS 40 4 days with precipitation from GS 32 (S) 5 days with precipitation from GS 37 (R) Or attack on third leaf from GS Brown rust >25% plants attacked (S) Yellow rust GS > 1% plants attacked (S)

26 Appropriate and reduced dosages of fungicides 12 Dt/ha grain per ha Gross yield Net yield Control of Septoria in wheat -different input 6 trials from DK TFI dose /ha

27 Development of fungicide use in winter wheat 2 TFI/Relative dose 1,6 1,2 0,8 0,4 TFI Dose '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 Source: Farmstat/Kleffmann/Pesticide statistics

28 Herbicides in cereals Herbicide performance is affected by many biotic and physicochemical factors such as: weed flora growth stage of weeds crop competitiveness climatic conditions application technique adjuvants the presence of other pesticides in the spray solution

29 Efficacy profile for 60 weed species

30 DSS for weed control

31 DSS for weed control

32 Summary of 130 Danish field trials on weed control in spring barley Net yield loss compared with optimum dose. dt/ha Treatment Frequency Index Source: Danish Agricultural Advisory Service

33 Comparison between TFI from official sale statistics, target figures and TFI from testing of CPO in field trials. TFI TFI Herbicides Fungicides Official statistics ( ) CPO solutions Based on trials (no. of trials) Winterwheat Spring barley Winter wheat Spring barley (76) 0.49 (86) 0.7 (45) 0.4 (38) 31. juli 2009

34 Why is the current herbicide use in cereals considerably higher than the targets? Because an integrated approach was not adopted

35 Not economically competitive at present

36 Decision-making for weed control is a three step procedure Consider preventive measures such as crop rotation or cultivation techniques to reduce the potential losses due to weeds Assess the need to apply herbicides (threshold) Herbicide choice and dose rate

37 Monitoring for weeds is difficult and time consuming A major hurdle!!!! Autonomous sprayer with weed sensor. The future?

38 Conclusions: Only integrated pest control approaches will be sustainable Integrated disease and insect control can often be practiced without major changes in the cropping practice (1-year perspective) Integrated weed management often requires major changes in cropping practices (multi-year perspective)

39 What has DK achieved? TFI in wheat -Comparing countries UK France Germany Denmark 2006 (2006) (2007) (2007) Herbicides , Fungicides , Insecticides 1.7* 0.3 1, PGR , total Both insecticides and molluscicides

40 Conclusion Danish Pesticide policy will once again be tightened!! Cut of criteria + candidates for substitutions + high tax on pesticides will make future pesticide strategies and choice of products very difficult Few new pesticides will reach the Danish marked (problems with metabolite policy) IPM will be needed in order to survive Competition with other nations might be increasingly difficult

41 Conclusion policy will once again be tightened!! Cut of crit eria + candidates for substitutions + high tax on pesticides will make future pesticide strategies and choice of products very difficult Few new pesticides will reach the Danish marked (problems with metabolite policy) IPM will be needed in order to survive Competition with other nations might be increasingly difficult

42

43

44