Site specific plans for the More Milk in Tanzania project, Tanga region

Transcription

1 Site specific plans for the More Milk in Tanzania project, Tanga region Edgar Twine (ILRI), Julius Githinji (ILRI), Salim Nandonde (Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries), Nisefori Mkwama (Faida Market Link), Adolf Mushi (Faida Market Link) and Emmanuel Mihayo (Heifer International) May 2017

2 CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock provides research based solutions to help smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro pastoralists transition to sustainable, resilient livelihoods and to productive enterprises that will help feed future generations. It aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agrifood systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world. The Program brings together five core partners: the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) with a mandate on livestock; the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which works on forages; the International Center for Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), which works on small ruminants and dryland systems; the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) with expertise particularly in animal health and genetics and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) which connects research into development and innovation and scaling processes. The Program thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system 2017 This publication is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. To view this licence, visit Unless otherwise noted, you are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format), adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially, under the following conditions: ATTRIBUTION. The work must be attributed, but not in any way that suggests endorsement by the publisher or the author(s).

3 Contents Acknowledgements... 1 Foreword... 2 Glossary of terms... 3 Introduction... 4 Site specifc plans Tanga region... 5 Site 1: Kibaya plan, Handeni disrict... 6 Site 2: Konje site plan, Handeni district Site 3: Kwabaya site plan, Handeni district Site 4: Kweditilibe site plan, Handeni district Site 5: Kwediyamba site plan, Handeni district Site 6: Kwemashai site plan, Lushoto district Site 7: Lwandai site plan, Lushoto district Site 8: Masatu site plan, Handeni district Site 9: Mbuzii plan, Lushoto district Site 10: Msomera site plan, Handeni district Site 11: Mwangoi site plan, Lushoto district Site 12: Ngulwi site plan, Lushoto district Site 13: Sindeni plan, Handeni district Site 14: Ubiri site plan, Lushoto district Site 15: Viti site plan, Lushoto district Site 16: Wena site plan, Lushoto district Categorizing and scheduling of activities Types of hubs to be implemented in the Tanga region... 66

4 Acknowledgements The documentation of these site specific plans is based on activities implemented through the CGIAR Research Program (CRP) on Livestock (formerly Livestock and Fish). The program s focus in Tanzania has been to catalyse the transformation of smallholder dairy value chains in inclusive ways, also referred to as Maziwa Zaidi. The activities and documentation have greatly benefited from Irish Aid funding of the More Milk in Tanzania (MoreMIlkiT) project. We also extend our appreciation to all Maziwa Zaidi implementing partners and collaborators including local government authorities, and value chain actors, especially dairy producers, input and service providers, and milk traders, for their cooperation. 1

5 Foreword Smallholder dairy production in Tanzania is concentrated in the highland areas of Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Tanga, and Mbeya. The increased demand for fresh milk in urban centres in recent years has resulted in an expansion of smallholder dairy production around these centres. Until recently, government policy on dairy development focused mainly on large scale State owned farms. The new Tanzania livestock policy gives due emphasis to the development of the smallholder sector through increased supply of upgraded cattle, and animal feeds and other production inputs, including extension services (Ministry of Livestock Development, 2006). The emphasis on smallholder dairy production in Tanzania calls for increased efforts towards the development of locally tested innovations that will increase productivity given farmers' present resources. It is in this light that the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has been implementing a four year research for development (R4D), More Milk in Tanzania (MoreMilkiT) project, to promote pro poor rural livelihoods through milk production. The MoreMilkiT project aims to ensure more income security through enhanced access to demand led dairy market business services and viable organizational options. The project s strategy to achieving its goal is to promote and facilitate the formation of functional but flexible dairy market hubs (DMHs) in both the extensive and intensive milk producing project areas of Tanga and Morogoro. DMHs are collective arrangements aiming to stimulate grouping of a large number of producers or cattle or demand for inputs. These offer opportunities to produce and bulk more milk, facilitating both entry to milk markets, and group access to inputs and services. To operationalize the concept of DMHs, the project facilitated the formation of 27 new milk producer groups, and worked with three existing groups. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the producer groups in terms of their needs, challenges, resource endowments and organizational capacity, the project found it imperative to facilitate them to develop site specific development plans (group). This booklet outlines the site specific plans for each group. These plans were developed in a participatory manner to capture challenges and activities that the groups can address through their own initiatives or in collaboration with the local government in their respective districts. The plans reflect the long term development strategies and sustainability, and form the basis for future engagement with other dairy development initiatives. 15 May 2017 Prof Lusato R. Kurwijila, Coordinator ILRI/SUA MoreMilkiT Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania 2

6 Glossary of terms AI BDS DADPs Faida MaLI HI IP iwash s MAPALIO Maziwa Zaidi MFIs MilkiT MoreMilkiT MoU Olelili POSA SACCOS TDB TZS Artificial Insemination Business Development Services District Agriculture Development Programs Faida Market Link, a local non governmental organization Heifer International Heifer International in Tanzania Innovation Platform Integrated Water and Sanitation Hygiene Local Government Authorities Swahili terminology for livestock routes This is a Swahili word for the Tanzania dairy value chain program being led by International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Microfinance Institutes The short term for Milk in India and Tanzania, a project funded by International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) More Milk in Tanzania, a four year project funded by Irish Aid and implemented by ILRI Memorandum of Understanding A Maasai word for grazing land protected in wet season and being used during the dry season by lactating cows, young and sick ones while others are moved away to look for pastures and water. Producer Organization Sustainability Assessment Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies Tanzania Dairy Board Tanzania Shillings 3

7 Introduction The International Livestock Research Institute in collaboration with Heifer International Tanzania, Faida Market Link, Sokoine University of Agriculture, and Tanzania Dairy Board has implemented the Irish Aid funded More Milk in Tanzania project in Lushoto, Bumbuli, and Handeni districts in the Tanga region, and Mvomero and Kilosa districts in the Morogoro region. The project set out to pilot dairy market hubs, an approach to dairy value chain development that strengthens linkages between milk producers and other value chain actors. The project has facilitated the formation and registration of 27 milk producer groups, and worked with three existing groups to operationalize the concept of dairy market hubs. Efforts to grow dairy market hubs have included, among other things, the participatory formulation of site specific plans for the 30 producer groups. A site specific plan documents the activities needed to establish a dairy market hub in a given project site. The plan highlights the fundamental challenges facing milk producers in a particular project site, the potential solutions, and the resources needed to execute the solutions. activities for each site were drawn from these plans. The plans also include some challenges and activities that are not directly within the scope of the Maziwa Zaidi projects, but which the groups can address using either their own initiatives or perhaps in cooperation with local governments. The plans are therefore blueprints for the groups future engagements with other projects outside Maziwa Zaidi. The inclusion of the roles of local governments also points to the possibility of achieving continued support from the local governments. As such, the plans provide a basis for the groups long term organizational development strategies and sustainability. In cases where initial target dates for addressing certain constraints have expired but remain unaddressed, development facilitators might begin by finding out the reasons behind the failure to address them. Attached to each group s site specific plan is the group profile. The profile provides detailed information about the group including membership segregated by gender, registration status, achievements, and areas requiring immediate support. The plans and profiles have been handed over to local government authorities (s) in the five districts to enable the s continue strengthening and monitoring the growth of the groups. Livestock officers from s at the village and district levels have been at the forefront in implementing activities stipulated in the site specific plans. The s highly appreciate the efforts made by MoreMilkiT project in facilitating the development of these groups and have pledged to continue supporting the development of the groups. This will include working with the groups in the future to implement dairy and other livestock related development projects. 4

8 Site specifc plans Tanga region Site 1: Kibaya plan, Handeni disrict 6 Site 2: Konje site plan, Handeni district 10 Site 3: Kwabaya site plan, Handeni district 14 Site 4: Kweditilibe site plan, Handeni district 16 Site 5: Kwediyamba site plan, Handeni district 20 Site 6: Kwemashai site plan, Lushoto district 24 Site 7: Lwandai site plan, Lushoto district 28 Site 8: Masatu site plan, Handeni district 34 Site 9: Mbuzii plan, Lushoto district 37 Site 10: Msomera site plan, Handeni district 41 Site 11: Mwangoi site plan, Lushoto district 45 Site 12: Ngulwi site plan, Lushoto district 48 Site 13: Sindeni plan, Handeni district 51 Site 14: Ubiri site plan, Lushoto district 54 Site 15: Viti site plan, Lushoto district 58 Site 16: Wena site plan, Lushoto district 61 5

9 Site 1: Kibaya plan, Handeni disrict Village: Kibaya Name: UMOJA WA WAFUGAJI MAZIWA ZAIDI KIBAYA No.: HW/HD/UV/0517 Date: 10 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Land disputes between livestock keepers and farmers. Develop village land use plan and utilize it. Prepare land use plan for Kibaya village. Initiate village and ward land conflict resolution committee. Ongoing Land use plan Land use certificates Process land use ownership certificate for earmarked grazing area as per developed land use plan. 2 Lack of verified Livestock routes to and from grazing land. Utilize livestock routes as per village land use plan. Livestock routes recognized. Revive livestock all old livestock routes. Evacuate invaders of livestock routes To ensure existence of stock routes by choosing stock routes committee that is linked to Ongoing Livestock routes used Presence of livestock routes committee in place 6

10 3 Inadequate supply of livestock drinking water during dry season work with s on Construction of dams and boreholes Feed some livestock (lactating cows and calves) on fodder melons during dry season Availability of land for construction of dams, boreholes and cultivation of fodder melons. Follow up of planed dams excavation from s Participatory site selection for dam and boreholes Construction of dams and boreholes. Link group to water service providers. Cultivation of special water melons for livestock feeding. Facilitator Ongoing Boreholes/ dams in place. Plot of fodder melon 4 Inadequate grazing land and fodder Follow up on village land use plan and livestock routes Reduce number of livestock per unit area Growing of improved fodder Training on appropriate grazing land management and fodder conservations to make follow up on allocated grazing land and develop it. Training of animal husbandry focusing on management. To reduce number of livestock per unit area Conduct learning exchange visits. Transport Seeds Ongoing Village land use plan implemented Handouts of grazing land management List of participants Farmer field school Establish improved pasture/ fodder 7

11 Availability of grazing land and willingness of group to grow fodder. Conduct training on pasture/ fodder preservation focusing on termite infestation control. 5 Low milk production and low prices A. Production Improve milk production by improving cow productivity Facilitate access to bulls and AI services Facilitate access to dairy cow breeds on check off system. Link group to service providers. Transport Experts Facilitate Sept. Training reports and attendance list Availability of AI services. Availability of improved bulls. Identify potential group members to be trained on AI expertise. B. Milk prices Build capacity of selected members regarding AI 8

12 Market analysis Collective bulking and selling of milk Opportunities: Availability of milk from group members and other farmers in the village Willingness of group to collectively sell their milk Conduct training on dairy farming as businesses cash flow/cost benefit analysis, record keeping, contract negotiation Identify dairy inputs, outputs and prices and develop a template for cost benefit analysis Identify reliable milk buyers and their needs Sensitize group members and other villagers on the advantages of collective milk selling Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss possibility of contractual agreements Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 9

13 Site 2: Konje site plan, Handeni district Village: Konje Name of : MAZIWA KWANZA No.: HW/HD/UV/0223 Date: 12 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Insufficient livestock drinking water during dry season Rehabilitation of the existing dams Construction of dams and boreholes Availability of land for construction of dams and boreholes. To rehabilitate existing dams. Follow up water diversion from existing HTM water project to the livestock drinking troughs. Follow up on planned excavation of dams from. Participatory site selection for dam and boreholes excavation. Experts Transport Time Since July Official reply from on its planned activities towards these constraints MoU between the group/farmers and Excavation of dams and boreholes. Link group to water service providers (e.g. borehole drilling companies) through. 10

14 2 Inadequate Knowledge in animal husbandry and business skills Animal health Cost of milk production Business awareness Gross margin analysis Training on identified needs such as: *Animal health *Milk production *Business awareness *Gross margin analysis Cattle keepers are eager and willing to learn Conduct training on animal health Conduct training on animal husbandry Conduct training on agribusiness management Conduct participatory training on gross margin analysis on production of one litre of milk and cost of raising one cow Transport Stationery Venue Faida MaLi HPI Since mid June Attendance list Training notes from cattle keepers Training handouts Action plan in place Conduct training on negotiation skills Conduct learning exchange visits 11

15 3 Inadequate pasture and livestock routes A. Inadequate pasture B. Livestock routes to and from grazing land. Growing of improved fodder Training on pasture management Availability of grazing land and willingness of group to grow fodder Earmark and reclaim livestock routes Presence of previous livestock route which has illegally blocked Training on pasture management Conduct learning exchange visits Establishment of improved pasture Farm Field Schools and distribution of improved pasture seeds Conduct identification of old livestock routes Evict encroachers of livestock routes Transport Time Seeds Venue Since August Handouts List of participants Farmer Field School in place Old livestock routes used 4 Lack of improved dairy cattle breeds To improve the existing cattle herd through AI and/or improved bulls. Use of improved bull service To acquire improved incalf heifers To link the group with AI service provider from the district (). To link the group with the identified source/dealer of improved bulls and/or incalf heifers such as the government farms (LMUs and NARCO) Experts Faida Mali June July Action plan List of various service providers MoU between service providers and producers 12

16 Opportunities: Presence of indigenous cattle, which can be crossed with dairy breeds Cattle keepers are willing to adopt dairy cattle To arrange the acquisition of improved breeding services by cash for some producers and by check off system for some others 5 Low producer milk price To invite more milk traders for exploring advantage of price competition Collective selling of milk by the group to weakens the influence of traders/middlemen Opportunities: Availability of milk from group members and other farmers in the village Participatory identification reliable milk buyers Sensitize group members and other villagers on the advantages of collective action Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss sales contract Signing of business contract between group and buyers Transport Experts Facilitate Time Stationery Venue Sept. Training reports and attendance list Application of trainings Milk sales contract Willingness of group to sell their milk Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 13

17 Site 3: Kwabaya site plan, Handeni district Village: Kwabaya Name of : MAZIWA ZAIDI KWABAYA No.: HW/HD/UV/0179 Date: 14 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Inadequate water during dry season work with s on Construction of dams and boreholes Availability of land for construction of dams and ponds Participatory site selection for dam and bore hole excavation. Link group to water service providers (borehole drilling companies) Construction of dams and boreholes. Facilitator May July Boreholes/dam 2 Inadequate grazing land and livestock routes 3 Low cow productivity with respect to milk production Earmark and reclaim invaded livestock routes and grazing land. Use of improved dairy bulls and AI services Acquire dairy cattle breeds Improve husbandry Identification of old livestock routes and grazing land. Identify services providers who can supply improved cow breeds and AI services. Examine with farmers the husbandry practices that need improvement and provide training accordingly Facilitator Since August Sept. Old livestock routes and grazing land been verified List of various service providers 14

18 4 High incidence of tick borne diseases Construction of a dip in the village Availability of many cows, which justifies construction of dip in the village Conduct site selection for dip construction Conduct feasibility study and develop bill of quantity on dam construction at Kwabaya village members work with s to construct dam for water use in dip tank filling Facilitator Dip in place 5 Inadequate veterinary services for livestock Raise the issue with To select dipping committee to work with dipping work Meeting between and Transport Sept. Minutes of meeting 6 Low producer milk price Provision of market/price information Collective selling of milk Identify reliable and affordable source of market information Sensitize farmers on the advantages of collectively selling their milk. Faida MaLi Since January 2015 Rules for collective selling of milk Strategy for collecting and disseminating price information among group members Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 15

19 Site 4: Kweditilibe site plan, Handeni district Village: Kweditilibe Name of : MAZIWA ZAIDI KWEDITILIBE No.: HW/HD/UV/0179 Date: 13 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Inadequate Knowledge of animal husbandry particularly in: *Fodder/pasture conservation *Animal health *Milk production *Dairy cows feeds and feeding 2 High incidence of livestock diseases in the village (East Coast fever, Anaplasmosis, cowdriosis, babesiosis and BQ) Improving dairy cattle husbandry (Breed and breeding, feeding, disease control, calf rearing and proper milking technique Presence of local and some mixed breed cattle Willingness of farmers to sell some of local cattle and buy dairy cattle Disease prevention and cure Initiation of group input shop for input supplies The use of dip for dipping to control Tick bone diseases Training on dairy cattle husbandry (breed and breeding, feed and feeding, calf rearing, disease control and proper milking technique Training on fodder/pasture production Exchange visits Mobilize group members to initiate group input shop To start group input shop Link group to reliable input service providers Since mid June Since Sept. Plots with pasture/feed Conserved feeds Attendance list Training handouts on the Attendance list shop Contract/MoU with service provider Dip in place 16

20 Opportunities: members are ready to buy inputs on collective basis. Organize business meeting between group and service provider The need of dipping of their livestock 3 Inadequate grazing land and livestock routes a) Inadequate grazing land Growing of improved fodder Training on pasture management Availability of grazing land and willingness of group to grow improved fodder Training on pasture management Conduct learning exchange visits Establishment of improved pasture Farm Field Schools Distribution of improved pasture seeds Since August Handouts List of participants Farmer Field School in place b) Lack of verified Livestock routes to and from grazing land. Earmark and reclaim invaded livestock routes Old livestock routes are recognized by the group and village at large Conduct identification of old livestock routes. Evict invaders of livestock routes Old livestock routes reinstated 17

21 4 Low production due to low genetic potential Improve productivity by acquiring new breeds Use of improved breeds Producers willingness to buy improved cattle for crossing Linkage with AI service provider. Identify services providers who can supply improved cow breeds Link farmers with Service providers on check off basis so that they can access improved bulls and AI services Experts Sept. Accessibility of AI services List of various service providers Contract/MoU between service providers and producers Select some group members who will get training on AI services so that they can bring the services near the group members 5 Scarcity of water during dry season members to work with in the construction of dams and boreholes Availability of land to construct dams/ boreholes Follow up on planned construction of dams by. Participatory site selection for dam member to work with s to construct a dam and boreholes. Facilitator Since July Boreholes/ dams in place Water user certificate 18

22 Link group to water service providers 6 Low producer milk price Identify other potential milk buyers Collective bulking selling of milk Willingness of group to make collective sales Conduct training on understanding the cost of production members to participate in identification of reliable milk buyers Sensitizing collective milk selling Facilitator Since Sept. Training reports and attendance list Milk sales contract/mou Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss sales contract Signing of business contract between group and buyers Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 19

23 Site 5: Kwediyamba site plan, Handeni district Village: Kwediyamba Name of : MAZIWA ZAIDI KWEDIYAMBA No.: HW/HD/UV/0298 Date: 15 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resource Who does the task When Evidence items 1 A: Inadequate Knowledge of animal husbandry particularly in: breeds and breeding, feeds and feeding, calf rearing, disease control, housing, milk techniques Improve the knowledge base of producers on dairy cattle husbandry and entrepreneurship Farmers willingness to learn animal health, AI and to serve other group members Conduct training on animal health. Conduct training on fodder conservation Conduct training on milk production, value addition Conduct training on animal breeding and breeds Since Mid June Attendance list Training notes Training handouts Conduct training on dairy cows, feeds and feeding Conduct field visits. Conduct training on business awareness. Conduct training 20

24 2 Low productivity due to low genetic potential of the existing cows Improve productivity by crossing the existing cows with improved breeds Use of improved breed Producer willingness to sell some of their local breed and to buy improved breed and/ or the use of AI on record keeping, negotiation skills and gross margin analysis on production of one litre of milk and cost of raising one cow. Identify and linking service providers who can supply improved breeds and AI services. Link farmers to input supplier who are willing to provide the service Select some group members to be trained on AI services so that they can bring the services near the group members Sept. Contract /MoU between service providers and producers Trained group members on AI service provision 3 Insufficient grazing land and inaccessibility of grazing lands due to lack of livestock routes Growing improved fodder Training on appropriate grazing land management and fodder/pasture management Training on pasture management Conduct learning exchange visits Establishing demonstration plot Since August Handouts List of participants 21

25 Earmark and reclaim invaded livestock routes Establishing improved pasture Reduce number of livestock per unit area Opportunities: Availability of grazing land and willingness of group to grow improved fodder. Old livestock routes are recognized by the group and village at large Conduct identification of old livestock routes. Working with create a village livestock committee to protect existing grazing lands against encroachment 4 Inadequate supply of drinking water for livestock during dry season Harvest ground and rain water Readiness of government to construct new dam in the village Follow up of planned dam construction by Farmers to Participate in site selection for dam and bore holes construction Since October Boreholes/ dams in place members to work with for construction of dams and bore holes 22

26 5 Low producer milk price Explore additional/potential milk buyers Collective bulking of milk sales member to participate in identifying reliable milk buyers Sensitizing collective milk selling Expert Facilitator FAIDA MALI Since Feb Training reports and attendance list Milk sales contract/mou Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss sells contract Signing of business contract between group and buyers Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 23

27 Site 6: Kwemashai site plan, Lushoto district Village: Kwemashai Name of : UWAKWE No.: HW/LT/UV/50 Date: 21 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1. Low cow productivity regarding milk production due to the genetic composition of the herd Improve the genetic composition of the herd through use of dairy bulls and heifers Identify and link group members to services providers who can supply improved cow breeds and AI services Conduct training on breeding and recognizing heat period of improved dairy breeds Experts July List of various service providers MoU between service providers and producers Identify and visit model farmers Select some group members who can get training on AI services so that they can bring the services nearer the cooperative society members 2 Inadequate Knowledge in animal husbandry and business skills particularly in: A: Animal production Training on identified needs such as animal health Conduct training on animal health, milking and milk quality, pasture production and conservation Transport, for: *participants to and from village to training destination Since June Attendance list Training notes Training handouts on the subject matter 24

28 Animal health Milking and milk qualities Pasture production and conservation *facilitators to and from training destination Stationery Venue Application of the knowledge Action plan in place Time B. Lack of business skills: Record keeping, forecasting demand and prices Profitability analysis 3 Seasonality of feeds Record keeping Gross margin analysis Providing market information Improved pasture management Availability of land for growing improved fodder. Conduct training on record keeping, gross margin analysis Workshop and field demonstrations on pasture management and conservation Supply of pasture seeds to group members on check off basis Establishment of farm field school on improved pastures Transport Time Seeds Venue Coop Sept. Handouts List of participants Application of knowledge Farmer Field School in place 25

29 4 Limited availability and accessibility to livestock inputs (concentrates, minerals, bran) Formation of consumer coop or group to collectively procure inputs Check off system Some of the group members are members of a local producer (marketing) cooperative, UWALU. They could use their knowledge of cooperatives to form a consumer (supply) cooperative Link group to potential input suppliers and service providers willing to work with milk traders to supply inputs and services on check off basis Sensitize group on consumer coops and joint procurement of inputs Transport Experts Time Venue Check off system operational 5 Livestock diseases Conduct training on animal health. Link group to input supplier The village and neighboring villages have no input suppliers services so easy to convince one to invest a shop Conduct training on animal health Facilitate group members with vaccination calendar at least on six months basis. Link group members to input service providers on check off basis. Transport Experts Time Since June As soon as possible October Attendance list Handouts Application of knowledge. Vaccination calendar 26

30 6 Low producer milk price during wet season and long distance to collection centre Establish production cost of 1 litre of milk members could discuss with coop on stabilizing prices (milk income) e.g. average milk price across the two seasons Conduct training on record keeping, negotiation skills and gross margin analysis for 1 litre of milk Meeting between cooperative and group Participatory identification of other potential milk buyers and link them to group Transport Experts Time Stationery Venue Cooperative society Cooperative society Sept. Since April 2015 Training reports and attendance list Minutes Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 27

31 Site 7: Lwandai site plan, Lushoto district Village: Lwandai Name of : MWAMKO No.: HW/LT/UV/12 Date: 18 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Low productivity of indigenous cattle breeds due to their genetic potential Improve the genetic potential of the dairy cows kept by the producers Opportunities: Presence of indigenous cattle, of which some can be used to finance acquisition of improved heifers Presence of group members with basic education who can be trained on AI. Identify services providers who can supply improved cow breeds and AI services. Link group with AI service provider Use of improved bull service. Use of improved heifers Select some group members who will be able to get training on AI services so that they can bring the services near the group members Sept. List of various service providers availed to the group Contract between service providers and producers Select group members trained on AI 2 A: Inadequate Training on: Conduct training on animal health Mid June Attendance list 28

32 Knowledge particularly of: Animal health Fodder conservation Milk production Animal breeding and breeds Dairy animal housing Dairy cows feeds and feeding Animal health Fodder conservation Milk production Animal breeding and breeds Dairy animal housing Dairy cows feeds and feeding Conduct training on raising environmental awareness and conservation Conduct training on milk production Conduct training on animal breeding and breeds Conduct training on dairy cows feeds and feeding Transport, for: *participants to and from village to training destination *facilitators to and from training destination. Since Training notes Training handouts on the subject matter Visitors record book B: Lack of business skills: Specifically entrepreneurship skills on animal products i.e. milk and milk product Training on: *Record keeping *Entrepreneurship Gross margin analysis Conduct learning exchange visits Conduct training on animal production with respect to environmental conservation Conduct training on business awareness. Conduct training on record keeping, negotiation skills 29

33 3 Inadequate capital and credit to run dairy cattle as business. Link farmers with reliable microfinance institution so that they can access soft loans Implement check off Availability of various microfinance institutions which can be linked with the group and gross margin analysis Facilitate farmers to access various services on check off basis through service providers. Conduct training which can enable farmers to recognize opportunities which are within their vicinity Link farmers to microfinance institutions so that they can access soft loans. Faida MaLi Oct. MoU with Microfinance Linkage in place Training notes and handouts Attendance list 4. Inadequate veterinary services Collectively sourcing for veterinary services. Willingness of farmers to outsource services on collective basis Conduct training on basic services for sick dairy cow (first aid service) Mobilize on collective purchase of veterinary services Conduct business meeting between farmers and service provider and sign Nov. Contract/MoU with service providers Training notes and handouts Attendance list 30

34 contract. 5 Unavailability of inputs and services within the village Collectively sourcing of inputs Link farmers to service provider Enable preparation of annual vaccination program. Mobilize on collective purchase of inputs Link group to potential input suppliers on checkoff basis Faida MaLi Attendance list Linkage with BDS providers Conduct business meeting with service provider and sign business contract Collectively outsource of inputs 6 Insufficient quality pastures Growing of improved pastures. Conduct training on need and use of extra feeds to dairy cows Training on improved pastures and how to recognize quality List of participants Training 31

35 7 Unreliable milk market Availability of land to grow improved pastures. Mobilization of collective marketing of milk Source for alternative buyers and value addition Readiness of farmers to make collective sales of milk. pastures Establish pasture demonstration plot. Conserve pasture Mobilize on milk collective sells. Link farmers to potential buyers. Conduct business meeting between buyers and farmers and sign business contract Link with service provider who can supply milk collection equipment. Faida MaLi Jan Handouts and notes Demo plot Conserved pasture Contract with buyer Collective milk bulking 8 Shortage of water for livestock Conduct training on efficient way of water utilization. Conduct training on environmental conservation with respect to water Since June Attendance list Handouts Availability of river in the village Conduct training on efficient utilization of water. 32

36 Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 33

37 Site 8: Masatu site plan, Handeni district Village: Masatu Name of : MAZIWA ZAIDI MASATU No.: HW/HD/UV/0259 Date: 8 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/interve ntion Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1 Inadequate Knowledge in: Animal health Cost of animal and milk production Business awareness (entrepreneurship) Gross margin analysis. Land use management Livestock insurance Training on: *Animal health *Milk production *Business awareness skills(entrepreneurship) *Gross margin analysis *Land use management *Livestock insurance Cattle keepers are eager and willing to learn Conduct training on animal health. Conduct training on animal health Conduct training on milk production Conduct training on business awareness Conduct participatory training on gross margin analysis Conduct training on potential benefits of livestock insurance and how a potential livestock insurance scheme can work Faida MaLi Since mid June Attendance list Training notes from cattle keepers Training handouts Conduct training on efficient land use management Conduct learning exchange visits 34

38 2 Unavailability of inputs and services at the village Linking groups with input suppliers Collective sourcing of inputs Establish group input shop at village level Link group to reliable input suppliers at Korogwe town Facilitator MoU/contract in place with an input provider Linkage in existence between group and input supplier Presence of Input suppliers in nearby village. Faida MaLi June 3 Livestock diseases especially mastitis Training on animal health Link group members to potential input suppliers is close to Korogwe town, so it is easy to access input suppliers Conduct training on milk hygiene with respect to mastitis control and improve milk quality Link group members to potential input suppliers August Training handout Attendance list MoU/contracts with agro inputs suppliers 35

39 4 Inadequate grazing land due to the encroachment of some outsiders. Follow up of village land use plan and stock routes Availability of the old stock routes and grazing lands which can be reclaimed Working with Make follow up for reclaiming the allocated grazing land in the different village forums Since April Field reports Land use policy 5 Inadequate livestock extension staff Link one livestock extension staff to the village Potential group members to learn paravet course To make follow for livestock extension staff allocation from Identify potential group members for paravet training. Sept. Field reports Paravets trained linked with a paravet is ready to provide some members to learn paravets to serve the group members To train identified group members on livestock health services (Paravet). Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 36

40 Site 9: Mbuzii plan, Lushoto district Village: Mbuzii Name of : BAHATI No.: HW/LT/UV/24 Date: 19 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1. Inadequate Knowledge in animal husbandry particularly in animal production 2 Low milk production by the existing breeds due to their genetic capability Training on dairy husbandry Improve genetic capability of dairy cows kept by the producers Presence of indigenous cattle, which can be used to finance acquisition of improved heifers Conduct training on animal production Conduct field visits Linkage with AI service provider Use of improved bull service. Use of improved heifers Conduct training on recognizing of improved dairy breeds to group members. Since mid June Sept. June Attendance list Training notes Training handouts Visitors record for the field visit Contract between AI service providers and producers Select members trained on AI Avail information on vaccination 37

41 calendar and where to outsource improved dairy cow breeds Identify services providers who can supply improved cow breeds and AI services. Link farmers with Service providers services August Solicit few potential members who can get training on AI services so that they can bring services to the group members Oct. 3 Livestock diseases and inaccessibility of related inputs ( high cost ) Link group members to potential input suppliers/service providers. Access inputs on credit through a check off Knowledge dissemination on cost of treatment To train some group members as paravets, who can serve group members. Provide knowledge on the cost of treatment per animal on Sept. June Contracts with agro inputs dealers Inputs and services accessed through a check off 38

42 is willing to combat diseases. Mobilize group members on collective input purchases. Oct. Link group members to potential input suppliers/service providers willing to be paid on check off basis 4 Low producer milk price Outsource more potential milk buyers. Participatory identification reliable milk buyers Faida MaLi Since Feb Training reports and attendance list Collective selling Willingness of group to make collective sells. Sensitize collective milk selling to group members Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss sells contract Milk sales contract with buyers 5 Cattle disease (mastitis) and low milk yield due to Lack of improved dairy cow Sheds Training of farmers on improved cattle sheds Availability of local cheap Conduct training on improved dairy cow sheds utilizing locally available building materials June Handouts List of participants 39

43 building materials in their vicinity Linking of group members to service providers of building Feb Inadequate animal feeds(pastures) Growing of improved fodder on the available land Training on pasture management (establishment and conservation) Since August Handouts List of participants Availability of land to grow pastures Conduct field visits. Pasture plots Conserved pasture Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 40

44 Site 10: Msomera site plan, Handeni district Village: Msomera Name of : MAZIWA ZAIDI MSOMERA No.: HW/HD/UV/0429 Date: 19 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1. Inadequate Knowledge of animal production Improved animal production practices Conduct training on animal production in general. Visit to model farmers Transport, for: *participants to and from village to training destination. *facilitators to and from training destination. Stationery Since mid June Attendance list Training notes Training handouts on the subject matter Venue 2 Low milk yield from the existing cows due to their low genetic potential To improve the genetic potential of the existing herd through use of improved bulls and improved heifers Opportunities: Presence of mixed breeds in the village, which can be crossed with dairy breeds To efficiently utilize the existing breeding bulls in the village To identify and link the group to more source of improved bulls and Experts Sept. Action plan List of various service providers Contract between service providers 41

45 Some farmers have already purchased the improved bulls There is government (Mr President) promise to provide improved cattle cows/heifers To linkage with AI service provider in Handeni town on check off basis and producers AI service provision in place Select some potential group members who can get training on AI services so that they can bring the services near the group members Facilitate the availability of AI facilities ( equipment) to trained village AI service provides 4 Low producer milk price given by few milk traders Outsource more potential milk traders to initiate price competition among milk traders Conduct training on record keeping, negotiation skills and gross Transport Faida MaLi Since Feb Training reports and attendance list 42

46 To establish collective (group) selling of milk to traders in one price argument To find out the alternative usage or processing of abundant milk during the wet season Improve dairy business knowledge such as price negotiation skills The established farmer group Availability of abundant milk during the wet season margin analysis for 1 litre of milk Participatory identification of reliable milk buyers Identify range of value added products that can be profitably produced Conduct business meeting between group and buyers to discuss MoU Experts Facilitate Stationery Venue Milk sales contract 5 Livestock diseases and high costs of veterinary inputs and services To combat the most common diseases whose medication and/or preventions mechanisms are known Improve the availability and accessibility of veterinary Signing of MoU between group and buyers Link group members to potential inputs and services providers willing to offer their services on check off basis Transport Faida Mali July Contracts with agro inputs dealers 43

47 inputs and services members have some knowledge (traditional) on animals diseases Follow up the government routine on vaccination 6 Limited grazing land Growing high yielding varieties of pasture on the existing land Increase awareness of appropriate grazing land management Availability of grazing land and willingness of group to grow improved fodder Training on grazing land management. Establishment of farmer field school on improved high yielding pasture Transport Time Seeds Venue Since August Handouts List of participants Farmer field School Activity May14 Jun14 Jul14 Aug14 Sep14 Oct14 Nov14 Dec14 Jan15 Feb15 March15 April15 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 44

48 Site 11: Mwangoi site plan, Lushoto district Village: Mwangoi Name of : USHIRIKA UWAMWA No.: HW/LS/UV/517 Date: 20 May Constraint (Ranked) Potential solutions/ opportunity/intervention Activities needed towards solving the problem Resources needed Who provides the resources Who does the task When Evidence items 1. Low cow productivity due to genetic potential of the cows Improve genetic potential of indigenous cows through crossing Availability of AI practitioner and services in the village Training group members on breeds and breeding issues Facilitate the selection of some group members to be trained on AI and paravet services to meet producers' requirements AI technician October January 2015 Training notes and handouts Attendant list 2 Inadequate capital for running dairy business. Training cooperative members on entrepreneurship skills Link cooperatives with financial institution and individual lenders. Availability of financial institution which can provide soft loans. Training cooperative members on entrepreneurship skills to get information on capital sources Link cooperatives with reliable financial institutions. Introduce check off arrangements Faida MaLi August Training reports and attendance list Training notes and handouts 3 Low producer milk price Training on gross margin Conduct training on record keeping, gross margin and Faida Mali Sept. Training notes and reports 45

49 analysis for one litre of milk to know production costs Market intelligence to know the prevailing milk prices Availability of milk from cooperative members negotiation skills Conduct business meeting between cooperative society and current milk buyers to negotiate on the prevailing sells milk price Conduct rapid participatory market research to identify other potential milk buyers and link them to cooperative society Facilitator Attendance list Milk sales MoU/ contract 4 Inadequate livestock feeds during dry season. Pasture establishment and management Favorable climate for pasture establishment Conduct Training on pasture management and fodder conservation. Supply of planting materials Establish Farmer Field School on improved pastures Planting materials Sept. Handouts List of participants Farmer Field School in place 5 Inadequate Knowledge in animal husbandry and business skills particularly in: A: Animal husbandry Animal health Training on identified needs such as: *Animal husbandry *Animal health Cattle keepers are eager and willing to learn on the above subjects Conduct animal husbandry Conduct training on milking and health Conduct training on entrepreneurship skills Conduct training on record keeping, negotiation skills and Cooperative Society Cooperative Society Since June Attendance list Training notes Training handouts on the subject matter 46