Success with Manuka Farming Linda Newstrom-Lloyd
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1 Leptospermum scoparium Success with Manuka Farming Linda Newstrom-Lloyd MANUKA FARMING NZ Central District Field Days June 13-16, 2017, Mystery Creek
2 Trees for Bees Program started 2009 Fed_Farm_ BIG
3 Four Projects 2010 to 2013 Bee Nutrition 2013 to 2016 Planting on Farms 2015 to 2016 Naati Beez 2016 to 2019 Training and Education 3
4 Trees for Bees Supporting Manuka Farming Linda Newstrom-Lloyd Trees for Bees NZ Api NZ Conference Rotorua - June 20, 2016 Manuka and More Conference November 2 nd - 3 rd 2016 Ruatoria & Te Araraoa 4
5 Outline 1. Why a flowering calendar? 2. What plants? 3. How many bees? 4. Sustainable profitable honey? 5
6 Bee Colony Cycle of Seasons Number Bees in One Hive Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Spring Build-up Over-wintering Honey Flow Pollination Services BUILD UP MANUKA FLOW WINTER DOWN 6
7 National Level Seasons Bee Seasons in NZ Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun MANUKA FLOW Build-up in Spring Over-wintering Pollination Services FEED BROOD SURVIVE WINTER 7
8 years of data from 1945 to 2016 Total Hives Thanks to Murray Reid for AsureQuality data 1. Hives doubled since Apiaries steep rise since Beekeepers peaks and valleys Total Apiaries Total Beekeepers
9 What bee plants to support Manuka Farms?
10 Spring to Summer Flowering
11 Autumn Flowering Flowering
12 What bee plants to support?
13 Toxic Plants Not Wanted!
14 Naati Beez SFF Team Rangi Raroa, Director Maia Taaremaia Rangitukia July 2015 to June 2016 Willie Kaa, Director Rapata Kaa 14
15 Naati Beez collected hive trap pollen 15
16 GNS Science Palynology Team Dr. Xun Li Dr. Ian Raine 16
17 Pollen Profile for Naati Beez Apiary
18 Honey Profile for Naati Beez Apiary
19 Linda and Angus Work on List Angus McPherson Trees for Bees Farm Planting Advisor
20 Protein in Pollen from Somerville Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) Protein 9 % (v. Poor) Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) Protein 28% (excellent) Crack willow (Salix fragilis) Protein 15% (poor) Pussy willow (Salix discolor) Protein 27% (excellent)
21 Flowering Calendar & Bee Feed Budget for Species Diversity Target Plant Number of Species JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY Leptospermum scoparium Mānuka 1 Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata Pseudopanax arboreus Five-finger Vitex lucens Pūriri Hebe stricta Koromiko Coprosma robusta Karangū Pseudopanax lessonii Houpara Hoheria populnea Houhere Hoheria sexstylosa Houhere TOTAL (not including target crop)
22 JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY Flowering Calendar & Bee Feed Budget for Number of Trees Pollen Source Number of Trees NUMBER OF TREES JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY Leptospermum scoparium Mānuka 1 Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata Pseudopanax arboreus Five-finger Vitex lucens Pūriri Hebe stricta Koromiko Coprosma robusta Karangū Pseudopanax lessonii Houpara Hoheria populnea Houhere Hoheria sexstylosa Houhere TOTAL (not including target crop)
23 Tarata (Pittosporum eugenoides) 25% protein during mānuka flow Photo : Jean-Noël Galliot Landcare Research
24 How many flowers to feed one bee? Flax averages 5 mg pollen/flower (need 125 to 145 mg) 25 to 30 flowers for 1 bee from egg to adult 24
25 Native Broom (Carmichaelia) 37% Pollen taken from native bee. Honey bees observed only taking nectar not pollen
26 Cabbage tree flowers at same time (Cordyline fruiticosa) - 28% protein Photo by Finn Scheele Landcare Research
27 Willow (Salix ) Are we using the best species for erosion control? Photo : Jean-Noël Galliot Landcare Research New booklet June 2015: Winning with Willows
28 Carrying Capacity for Livestock
29 Carrying Capacity for Bees
30 Bees have no fences Foraging Range 5 to 12 km Less Attractive FOOD NO FOOD
31 OVERSTOCKING Bees use up more honey poor harvest Bees malnourished more diseases Bees starving colony dwindles Dead out hives loss of profit Everyone in foraging range loses Native bee s survival threatened
32 Know the surrounding flowers inside foraging range and time of flowering Manuka Plantation or Natural Bush Poor Bee Food Clover
33 Angus McPherson Farm Planting Adviser for Trees for Bees
34
35 Native Bee Controlling Factors 1. Bee colony feed budget and flowering calendar 2. Diversity of bee plants to optimize nutrition 3. Scale of plantation and hive stocking rates 4. Foraging area and flowering times 35
36 Mānuka orchards with supporting bee feed can be profitable and sustainable
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