Work in relation to efficiency and effectiveness

Transcription

1 Eidgenössisches Volkswirtschaftsdepartement EVD Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART Work in relation to efficiency and effectiveness Work efficiency and Work organization on farms Prof. Dr. habil. Matthias Schick IALB-Workshop, , Solothurn

2 Ziel des Vortrags 1. Problem areas farm/household 2. Solving approaches/methods 5. Quality of life, open spaces & conclusions 2

3 Future of research in agricultural systems technology and in the agricultural sector Productivity Performance per unit (e.g. kg milk/hr decitonne wheat/hr) Efficiency Doing things right Effectiveness Doing the right things Source: Peter F. Drucker,

4 Working time requirements dairy farm Feeding 26% Mucking out/ strawing 5% Calf care 9% Feeding 25% Mucking out/ strawing 7% Calf care 6% Milking 35% Management and special tasks 25% Milking 28% Management and special tasks 34% Production system: Loose housing, horizontal silo, 8000 kg Time requirement per cow per year: 62 MPH (n = 60) Total work: 3720 MPh Production system: Loose housing, horizontal silo, 8000 kg Time requirement per cow per year: 43 MPH (n = 180) Total work: 7740 MPh Source: Schick,

5 Proportion of time spent on individual management activities and special tasks Monitoring, Records 24% Filing applications 22% Buying, Selling 1% Bookkeeping, Payment transactions 5% Planning, Organisation 22% Special tasks, Repairs, Maintenance 22% Further education, Advisory 4% Total time requirement per cow and year: 57 MPh (n = 120) Total percentage for management and special tasks: 26% (14.8 MPh) 5

6 Working time requirements farm women Relative proportions of the individual works in the total time requirement farm work 8% child care 7% laundry 7% purchase 3% Modern household, 4 persons Time requirements/year: 3177 MPh stocks 3% Supplementary income 14% home care 14% food 32% Public relations / politics / education 3% garden 2% Leisure / Hobby / Club 3% environment care 2% Household Management 1% Small Animals, Pets 1% Partnership / friendship 0,5 % Source: Schick,

7 Success parameters for (dairy) farms Operating Optimum performance at moderate expenses Effective utilization factor Above average forage quality Low feed, animal and crop losses Above-average cost awareness Active influence on the daily business Simply designed production (workflows SOP s) Self-critical appraisal Using an external (neutral) consulting service Quelle: verändert nach LfL,

8 Planning issues before decision How big is the herd? (IS Target) How long will last milking? How many people are milking? What aids to use (technical, organisatorial? Which milk yield my aim is? What financial resources are available to me? Should I plan reserves? 8

9 Working-time requirements results Time requirement per cow and year [MPh] Total time requirement per cow and year Milking Dung removal/strawing Management and special tasks No. of cows [n] Feeding Caring for calves Outdoor work 9

10 Total working-time requirement per Farm and year I Family workers Time requirement per farm and year [MPh] Milking Dung removal Management and special tasks Feeding calfes Fodder number of dairy cows [n] 1 MP = 2800 MPh Source: Schick, ,5 MP 10 3 MP 2 MP 1 MP

11 Working in Switzerland I x 52 = 3245 MPh/year 51.5 x 52 = 2678 MPh/year Source: SAKE, Swiss Health Survey, FSO / SECO,

12 Working in Switzerland II Number of holidays Farmers Businessmen All economic branches Employees Agriculture Employees other Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women No holidays and more Source: BFS,

13 -Time thieves- When we are inefficient at work? unclear objectives Inadequate priority settings technical problems, constructional fail bad day planning Trying to do too much at once postpone, indecision Haste and impatience Tasks do not lead to an end Inability to "no" to say Disorder in the workplace Catch the thief (Quelle: Mackenzie, 1985) 13

14 Work analysis = Weakness analysis = Rationalisation Activity, task Is the task/activity absolutely necessary? no DISPENSE WITH task/activity yes Must I perform the task/activity myself? no DELEGATE task/activity yes Am I performing the task/activity optimally? no RATIONALISE task/activity yes IMPLEMENT task/activity Source: REFA,

15 Solution of the problem workload Technology purchase New kitchen machine Central vacuum cleaning system Microwave, Steamer Behavior change Discipline Catch time thieves Setting Goals Important things first Planning Source: Schick,

16 Optimisation possibilities I 1. Process-engineering optimisation - Mechanisation of process sequences (Mowing combinations, Feeding, automatic udder-stripping machines, etc.) - Increased outsourcing of work to third parties (Professional handling of work by specialists [agricultural contractors, machinery rings]) Objective: The professional farmer acts as a specialist in his field 16

17 Optimisation possibilities II 2. Organisational optimisation - Systematic time planning with clear, measurable objectives (Daily/weekly/monthly planning, etc.) - Critical points analysis (Scrutinise work process Where s the hitch? ) - Further education (Targeted training every year, participation in working groups) 17

18 Work organisation: Aims Short Middle long term Aims Arbeitsplanung kurzfristig = kurzfristige Ziele: Tages- oder Wochenplanung (Taktische Ziele) 1. Wird die Arbeitsplanung schriftlich durchgeführt? ja Mein Arbeitsplan hängt in der Milchküche aus Carry out Written planning!!! Arbeitsplanung mittelfristig = mittelfristige Ziele: Wochen- oder Monatsplanung (Taktische Ziele) 1. Sind Freiräume eingeplant? ja Ein Tag in der Woche wird für Aussergewöhnliches freigehalten 2. Book up max. 60 % of time!!! Arbeitsplanung langfristig = langfristige Ziele: Jahres- oder Lebensplanung (Strategische Ziele) 1. Besteht eine Jahresplanung? ja Allow Visions!!! Dieses Jahr erstellen wir einen neuen Kälberstall Dieses Jahr machen wir Ferien in Neuseeland 18

19 Work budgt system ISS (Quelle: 19

20 Results presentation examples Work budget AK 2 AK 1 Arbeitsangebot 20

21 Time is limited - Quality of Life A year is 8760 Hours Of this we sleep (8 hours per day) 2920 Hours We remain 5840 Hours and now? 21

22 Life (and time) in balance! (?) Familiy life 22

23 Life (and time) in balance! Family Life 23

24 Work organisation = Management? Manage = To lead people in such a way that goals can be achieved by well-planned, organised and monitored achievement. Source: Hub,

25 Work organisation = timeplanning = managemnt task Management cycle Information Communication 25

26 Conclusions I Time planning is the main basis for the healthy interaction between work, family and social environment 26

27 Conclusions II Good work organization requires Consistent time planning Weak points analysis means identify problems Labour Organization + problem identification = 1. Problem solving = 2. Increasing motivation = 3. Job satisfaction = 4. Increasing efficiency 27