Bioticcomponents of sustainability:

Transcription

1 Bioticcomponents of sustainability: Assessing ecosystem services in livestock farming systems Marie, M. 1,2 and Merchier, M. 1 1 INRA, SAD-ASTER, 662 avenue Louis Buffet, Mirecourt, France 2 Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France michel.marie@mirecourt.inra.fr SAD ASTER-Mirecourt EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

2 Ecosystem Services Regulating Supporting - Pollination - Biological control - Flood control - Genetic biodiversity - Nutrient cycling - Soil formation and fertility Provisioning -Food -Fiber -Fuel Human Well-Being Cultural - Recreation -Spiritual -Aesthetic Alcamo et al., 2003, Millenium EcosystemAssessment, 2005, Zhang et al., 2007, Sandhu et al., 2010, EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

3 Ecosystem Services Regulating Ground beetle abundance Supporting - Pollination - Biological control - Flood control Bird specialisation index Provisioning Wild vegetal diversity Ecologic regulation area Earthworm abundance - Genetic biodiversity - Nutrient cycling - Soil formation and fertility -Food -Fiber -Fuel Cultural Domestic vegetal diversity - Recreation -Spiritual -Aesthetic SPCE(mixed): 60 dairycows, 48 ha meadows, 106 ha cultures SH(grassland): 40 dairy cows, 80 ha meadows EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

4 Ecologicregulationarea hedges, groves, trees, streams, I ERA =f(s/s, k dist ) max if s/s 14% and dist<50m (Vilain, 2003; Pointereau et al 2007; Olson& Wäckers, 2007) EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

5 Ecologicregulationarea SPCE SH %ERA= 9.6% 26% of fields <50m from an ERA %ERA= 20.1% 53% of fields <50m from an ERA I ERA =4.8/10 I ERA =8/10 EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

6 Earthwormabundance I E Earthworms/m 2 Log 10 (earthworms/m PP 2 ) EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

7 Earthwormabundance 300,0 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0 Culture Culture Culture Culture Luzerne Alfalfa PP + Dactyls Dactyle Luzerne Alfalfa PP + Dactyls Dactyle Temporary Prairie Temporaire meadow PP Temporary Prairie PP Temporaire meadow Permanent Prairie Permanente PP meadow Permanent Prairie Permanente PP meadow Earthworms/m 2 8P 8H 6P 6H 8P 8H 6H 6P pp pp SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SH SPCE SH I L =8.2/10 I L =8.9/10 EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

8 Groundbeetle(carabids) abundance I c carabids /pot Log 10 (carabids/pot) EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

9 Groundbeetle(carabids) abundance Culture Culture Culture Temp. Prairie PP meadow temp Luzerne/dactyle Alfalfa PP + Dactyls Perm. Prairie PP meadow perm Perm. Prairie PP meadow perm Perm. Prairie PP meadow perm Perm. Prairie PP meadow perm IC 6H 6P 8P 6H 8P PP PP PP PP SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SPCE SH SH SPCE SH I c =6.2/10 I c =1.8/10 EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

10 Birdcommunityspecializationindex I CSI = CSI*10/M SSI EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

11 Birdcommunityspecializationindex I CSI = 7.2 abundance CSI I CSI = 6.8 abundance CSI EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

12 Wild vegetaldiversity 30m 1.5m 30m 30m 3 rd third 2 nd third 1 st third Excluding 3m border Flowered Meadows Method(Mestelan et al., 2009) I WVD = f(nb Sp.*0.83, rel. Surface) List of 36 species specific of different biotopes Lotus L. Silene flos-cuculi L. Trifolium L. Tragopogon L. Rumex L. Achillea millefolium L. EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

13 Wild vegetaldiversity I WVD 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 prairies temporary temp prairies temporary temp luzerne alfalfa luzerne alfalfa prairie permanent perm prairie permanent prairie permanent prairie permanent meadow meadow dactyle dactyls dactyle dactyls meadow meadow meadow meadow 6H 6P 8P 8H PP PP PP PP SPCE SPCE SPCE SH SPCE SH I WVD =6.8 I WVD = 7.1 EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

14 Domesticvegetaldiversity I DVD = NC k D T C av (INDIGO) F(number of cultures, proportions, size, associated cultures) SPCE: I DVD = 7.4/10 I DVD P 6H 8P 8H SPCE EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

15 Ecologic Regul. Area Management Diversityof management Rotation system Pastures Cultures Habitats Supporting Earthworms Soil Fertility Ground beetles Birds Pollinators Biological Control Pollination Regulating Biotic Resources Vegetal diversity Wild Genetic Resources Animal diversity Vegetal diversity Domestic Genetic Resources Provisioning EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,

16 Conclusions Dom.Veg.Div. Wild Veg.Div. Ecol.Regul.Area SPCE SH Earthworms Ground Beetles Assets: Organic production systems Long-term rotations Associated cultures Intercultures Birds Thank You for your attention To go further: Develop hedges Adapt mowing dates Reduce tillage Diversify cultivated species EAAP 63 rd Annual Meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, August 27 th -31 st,