Wheat Variety Trials

Transcription

1 Wheat Variety Trials Trent Potter, SARDI, , Rob Wheeler, SARDI Key Outcomes: Look at stripe rust scores and yield with and without stripe rust control Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) had a large effect on yield at many sites Trial Objectives: To assess the yield of a range of wheat varieties at several sites Trial Duration: Location: Various Soil Type: Various Paddock History: Various Monthly Rainfall: Farmer Co-operators: Kim Makin, Ross Lutt, Peter & Jim McLellan, Lachie Seears, Martin & Kirsty Flower, James & Chris Gilbertson Rain Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec April-Oct Total Keith, Sherw ood, Wolseley, Frances, Conmurra, Millicent, Yield Limiting Factors: Dry September and October. BYDV at Conmurra, Millicent and Frances. Type of Trial: Replicated Plot Trial Trial Design: 8m Long Plots x 8 Rows at 15cm Spacings (1.2m); 3 or 5 Replicates (depending on site) Treatments: All trials were sown with small plot equipment and managed as per usual agronomic treatment. All sites were sprayed with fungicides to control any stripe rust. Grain yield was determined by machine harvest. Rankings of wheat varieties within the individual trials at Frances, Conmurra and Millicent were determined and detailed in Table 6.

2 WHEAT Table 1: 2010 Upper South East Wheat Trials and Long Term Results Long Term average across sites 2010 (% site average) ( ) Variety Keith Sherwood Wolseley Yield (T/ha) as %site av. # trials AGT Katana Axe Barham Catalina Clearfield Jnz Correll Derrimut VARIABLE Espada NO Estoc Frame VALID Gladius RESULT Guardian Justica CL PLUS Kord CL PLUS Lincoln Mace Magenta Peake Pugsley Scout Wyalkatchem Yitpi Young Site av. (Yld t/ha) LSD (%) 7 7 Keith Sherwood Wolseley Date sown 31-May 17-May 17-May Soil Type L delved S C A-O Rain (2010) phwater Site stresses wg Abbreviations Soil type: S=sand, L=loam, C=clay, Li=light, M=medium, H=heavy, F=fine Site stress factors: e=emergence(eg. mice), lr=leaf rust, r=rhizoctonia, wg=grassy weeds, Data source: NVT & SARDI/GRDC (long term data based on weighted analysis of sites, ) Data analysis by GRDC funded National Statistics Group.

3 Table 2: Conmurra Wheat Variety Trial 2010 Sprayed replicated trial Single rep, unsprayed Variety Yield (kg/ha) % site mean kg/ha Stripe rust AGT-Scythe Axe Barham Beaufort Bogong Mix 1-8 Bolac Bowie Brennan Bullet Catalina Chara CL-Janz Correll Derrimut EGA-Gregory EGA-Kidman Einstein Espada Frame Gascoigne Gladius Guardian HRZ HRZ HRZ HRZ mix 4 HRZ IGW IGW IGW Janz mix Krichauff Lincoln Mace Mackellar Magenta mix 5/6 Peake mix 4 Preston Pugsley Rudd Sentinel SQP-Revenue Tennant Wyalkatchem Yenda Yitpi Young Site mean (kg/ha) 7100 CV% lsd(0.05) Disease Scale: 1 =R, 3 = MR, 5 = MS, 7 = S, 9= VS

4 WHEAT Table 3: Conmurra Wheat Variety Trial 2010, Grain Quality Variety 1000 grain wt Screenings Test Weight Protein AGT-Scythe Axe Barham Beaufort Bogong Bolac Bowie Brennan Bullet Catalina Chara CL-Janz Correll Derrimut EGA-Gregory EGA-Kidman Einstien Espada Frame Gasgoigne Gladius Guardian HRZ HRZ HRZ HRZ HRZ IGW IGW IGW Janz Krichauff Lincoln Mace MacKellar Magenta Peake Preston Puglsey Rudd Sentinel SQP-Revenue Tennant Wyalkatchem Yenda Yitpi Young

5 Table 4: Frances Wheat Variety Yield and Grain Quality Trial 2010 Variety Yield (kg/ha) % site mean 1000 grain wt Screenings Test Weight Protein IGW Preston IGW Bogong Derrimut Beaufort AGT-Scythe Guardian MacKellar Pugsley Bullet Young Chara CL-Janz Magenta Peake Bolac SQP-Revenue Wyalkatchem Janz Rudd Mace Yenda Gasgoigne Peake Krichauff Espada Lincoln Yitpi Excalibur Frame Catalina Axe Correll Gladius Sentinel Barham Brennan Bowie EGA-Gregory Tennant EGA-Kidman IGW Site mean (kg/ha) 5421 CV% 4.47 lsd(0.05) 408.7

6 WHEAT Table 5: Millicent 2010 Wheat Variety Yield and Grain Quality Trial: Variety Yield % site 1000 grain Test (kg/ha) mean wt Screenings Weight Protein IGW Sentinel SQP-Revenue Gasgoigne Lincoln Bogong (trit) HRZ IGW Beaufort Magenta Preston Bolac Espada HRZ HRZ Guardian HRZ MacKellar HRZ Einstein Rudd Axe Brennan HRZ Tennant Chara Frame HRZ Puglsey Barham Janz Correll Yitpi Young Bullet CL-Janz Derrimut Gladius Peake Catalina EGA-Gregory AGT-Scythe Excalibur Wyalkatchem HRZ Mace HRZ Krichauff Bowie Yenda IGW EGA-Kidman Site mean 6843 CV% lsd(0.05) 474.9

7 Table 6: Rankings of Wheat Varieties in South East Trials Variety Millicent Conmurra Frances AGT-Scythe Amarok Annuello Axe Barham Beaufort Bolac Bowie Brennan Bullett Camm Carinya Catalina Chara Clearfield-Janz Correll Derrimut EGA-Gregory EGA-Wentworth Einstein 19 7 Ellison Espada Excalibur Frame Frelon Gascoigne GBA-Ruby GBA-Sapphire Giles Gladius Guardian H Janz Krichauff Kukri Lincoln Mace MacKellar Magenta Peake Preston Pugsley SQP-Revenue Sentinel Wyalkatchem Yitpi Young

8 WHEAT Comments on Wheat Varieties from performance in NVT trials across the State; Provided by Rob Wheeler (Leader, New Variety Agronomy, SARDI) Several new wheat varieties, including Scout, Mace and Estoc, all performed well in extensive field trials across South Australia during These varieties were among 28 commercial varieties tested at 25 SARDI managed, National Wheat Variety Trial (NVT) sites across South Australia in The trials, funded by GRDC, also tested a further 35 advanced lines from wheat breeding companies operating throughout Australia. Grassy weeds, severe wet weather at harvest and other factors producing variability led to the results from three sites, Kimba, Palmer and Keith being deemed to be unusable. However the remaining 23 sites produced good results and averaged 4.21 t/ha, 28 percent above the average 3.29 t/ha produced in Reflecting the above average seasonal conditions within regions, site yields ranged from 1.70 t/ha at Penong in Western Eyre Peninsula to a whopping, and record, 7.17 t/ha at Mintaro in the Mid North. Mild and wet spring conditions throughout much of SA last year, combined with relatively low disease levels, were ideal for medium to later maturing varieties to reach their potential; similar to the outcome in 2009 and providing a contrast to the dry seasons between 2006 and The leading, and recently released variety when averaged across all sites, was Scout, which also topped the 2009 trials. Scout averaged 3 percent and 8 percent respectively above the widely grown commercial varieties Wyalkatchem and Yitpi and 11 percent above Gladius. Another three recently released varieties, Mace, Estoc and AGT Katana, trailed Scout by only 3 to 5 percent respectively, with each vying for top positions depending upon district, associated disease and other pressures. The many, very early to mid-season varieties, which dominated trial results in the drier seasons, were unable to benefit from the wet spring conditions in many districts in Consequently, their yields averaged in the range of around equal, to 6 percent below Yitpi. These varieties included Espada, Lincoln, Correll, Derrimut, Axe, Gladius, Peake and Catalina in descending order. Despite 2010 trial grain yields being improved relative to the previous season, physical quality was more variable. Across all sites, average grain protein declined from 12.2 per cent in 2009 to 10.2 per cent in Average test weights were similar at 77.3 kg/hl, while screenings improved, declining from 3.7 per cent to 1.9 per cent. Wet weather during harvest, resulted in sprouting damage within many trials, particularly those in the Murray Mallee, enabling validation of the sprouting data generated in The top performing variety, Scout, developed by Longreach Plant Breeders excelled across most districts although dropping back at many Upper and Western Eyre Peninsula sites and others such as Pinnaroo, where yellow leaf spot prevailed. With midseason maturity, Scout is derived largely from Yitpi and has a similar level of susceptibility to yellow leaf spot but has very good grain size, sprouting tolerance, CCN resistance and is eligible for APW classification. Scout has good stem rust and leaf rust resistance and while rated moderately

9 susceptible to stripe rust, has adult plant resistance to slow rust development. Scout appears to have good yield potential but more evaluation across drier environments is pending. The second ranked variety within trials was Mace, which is mid-season maturing and derived from Wyalkatchem, the most widely grown variety in South Australia. Like Scout, Mace has only been widely evaluated in NVT for two years and has returned yields very similar to Wyalkatchem overall, with some improved performances in 2010 where yellow leaf spot was prevalent and more generally across Central, Upper and Western Eyre Peninsula. Mace has good resistance to yellow leaf spot, like Wyalkatchem and additionally has improved resistance to CCN, stem rust, black point and taller plant height coupled with eligibility for AH classification. Within 2009 and 2010 trials, Mace has shown good grain physical quality and good tolerance to sprouting, like Wyalkatchem. While stripe rust had little impact within 2010 NVT results, and was effectively controlled by spraying at several sites, growers are reminded that Mace is susceptible to very susceptible to stripe rust. Mace has a potential for large yield loss in stripe rust prone areas unless growers regularly monitor crops and are prepared to use fungicides in a preventative strategy commencing early in crop growth. Highly ranked in 2010 trials, the older and most widely grown variety in South Australia, Wyalkatchem, continues to rival newer varieties each season. Wyalkatchem again yielded well in most districts and particularly the Mid North but dropped back within Yorke Peninsula trials. Wyalkatchem is now well outclassed by newer varieties with improved disease resistance but it may remain an option for growers in drier districts and other less rust prone areas while seed of newer varieties is multiplied. Commercially released by AGT during spring last year, Estoc ranked fourth across all sites and just one percent below Mace and Wyalkatchem. Estoc was expected to perform well in the longer 2010 season, having a maturity just one to two days earlier than Yitpi and being related to Yitpi. Estoc yielded well across all districts and now across three seasons of NVT evaluation has averaged around five percent above Yitpi. Estoc is eligible for APW classification and has produced good physical grain quality combined with good sprouting tolerance, like Yitpi, during the past two seasons in SA. It has good resistance to all rusts and CCN and is slightly less susceptible to yellow leaf spot than Yitpi. These characteristics will provide SA growers with a widely adapted longer season variety option relative to the many early to mid-season varieties released in recent years. Averaging five and two percent above Yitpi in 2009 and 2010 respectively, another recent release, AGT Katana, closely followed the leaders, performing well in most districts but falling away in the Mid North and Mallee trials. Katana is a premium quality variety developed for specific export markets. Katana is derived from Kukri and Tammin, has good physical grain quality similar to Yitpi albeit with some susceptibility to sprouting. With modest disease resistance, Katana is rated as moderately susceptible to stem rust and leaf rust, susceptible to CCN but moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to both yellow leaf spot and stripe rust.

10 WHEAT Perhaps not surprisingly, the mid-season and early flowering varieties, Gladius and Axe, which have both dominated NVT results during drier seasons, performed modestly in Gladius widely diverged from it s related sister-line Espada throughout 2010 Eyre Peninsula NVT sites and averaged 3 percent below Yitpi across all sites while Espada was one percent above. Yellow leaf symptoms similar to Frame yellows, was seen on Gladius at many sites and may have contributed to the lower performance not seen in drier seasons. Over six years trialling, the differences between Espada and Gladius are mainly in receival classification, leaf rust resistance and black point resistance with Gladius perhaps more dominant in drier seasons and Espada in longer and wetter seasons. Both varieties are moderately susceptible to CCN and susceptible to very susceptible to sprouting. Consequently growers in districts at risk of pre-harvest rains are advised to avoid delaying harvest of these varieties. Many other early and mid-season maturing varieties which had generally equalled or outperformed Yitpi in drier seasons were understandably lower performing on average in These included Lincoln, Correll, Derrimut, Peake and Catalina but in each case their yield rankings correlated well with previous seasons. Lincoln and Correll again demonstrated a high susceptibility to sprouting at several sites with Correll also downgraded due to test weight below 74 kg/hl at 6 from 23 sites. This will have greater implication in the near future when the wheat receival test weight standards are raised to 76 kg/hl minimum. Of high interest within the 2010 NVT trials will be the performance of the two new imidazolinone tolerant varieties just recently released by AGT, namely Kord CL Plus and Justica CL Plus. Released as alternatives to Clearfield JNZ and Clearfield STL, their yields averaged from 4 percent below to 3 percent above Clearfield JNZ respectively. Possessing two genes for imadazolinone tolerance (rather than one, as is the case for Clearfield JNZ and STL) both of these lines have a much higher level of herbicide tolerance. Kord CL Plus is derived from Gladius with similar maturity and disease profile but featuring CCN resistance equal to Yitpi. This variety is visually very similar to Gladius, and is expected to perform very similarly. Justica CL Plus on the other hand has slightly later maturity being derived from both Spear and Gladius families and is moderately susceptible to CCN and stripe rust. Later maturity favoured Justica CL Plus in the 2010 season while in the longer term both varieties are expected to perform alike. Physical grain quality of Kord CL Plus was generally similar to Gladius within 2010 trials and sprouting tolerance is also expected to be similar. Based on 2010 NVT data, Justica CL Plus had slightly lower average test weights but has a higher level of sprouting tolerance. The quality classification of both varieties will be finalised in coming months, but this aside, these varieties offer many improvements over existing Clearfield wheat types. Conclusion and into the paddock Choose new wheat varieties based on several years and sites of data as many wheats have only been tested in recent years with poor spring conditions.

11 In the lower South East, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus has had a major effect on some varieties and in future farmers should consider varieties with improved tolerance or else consider using chemical sprays to repel aphids that carry the disease. Acknowledgements Trials undertaken by the SARDI New Variety Agronomy group with comments about varieties by Rob Wheeler, SARDI Funded by GRDC