A Fresh Look at Field Pea Breeding. Dr Garry Rosewarne Senior Research Scientist

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "A Fresh Look at Field Pea Breeding. Dr Garry Rosewarne Senior Research Scientist"

Emily Sims
6 years ago
Views:

1 A Fresh Look at Field Pea Breeding Dr Garry Rosewarne Senior Research Scientist

2 Outline Field Pea Breeding in Australia Breeding approach Yield progression Modern statistical analysis Alternative Breeding Strategy Population breeding Marker Assisted Selection Cost-benefit analysis New Technologies Genomic Selection High-throughput phenotyping

3 Field Pea Breeding F 1 summer nursery F 2 segregating plots Crossing Program 8 12 year Breeding cycle Yield Trials 4 6 years F 2:3 rows National Variety Trials Varietal Release

2015 Field Pea Yield Trials 1.83 1.84 2.

4 2015 Field Pea Yield Trials WA Dalwallinu Merredin Scaddan Grasspatch 1.67 SA Minnipa Balaklava Snowtown Kingsford Willamulka VIC Speed Horsham Beulah Hopetoun NSW Yenda Wagga Ardlethan

5 Field Pea Yield Progression t/ha State Breeding Agencies Australian Coordinated Field Pea Improvement Program Alma Wiirrega Glenroy Bluey Laura Kaspa Parafield Snowpeak Excell King Sturt Bundi Moonlight Pulse Breeding Australia OZP0805 PBA Oura PBA Percy PBA Gunyah PBA Twilight OZP0903 Average yield gain of 1-1.5% per year across 20 years Tall trailing types gradually replaced with semi dwarf varieties Significant breakthrough with cv. Kaspa in Dundale Dinkum Pennant Year

6 Yield Constraints Bacterial blight Powdery mildew Boron Salinity Viruses Herbicides

7 Salt Salt, Virus, Ascochyta Clustering of yield trials Ascochyta Boron/PM, Asco, Virus, Bact Blight Boron/PM, Virus, Salt, Bact Blight Asco, Boron/PM

8 Population Breeding F 1 summer nursery F 2 segregating plots Crossing Program 8 12 year Breeding cycle Yield Trials 4 6 years F 2:3 rows National Variety Trials Varietal Release Heterogeneous lines

9 Population Breeding F 2 population Boron tolerance (1 locus) F 3 population Salinity tolerance (2 loci) F 4 population Downy Mildew (2 loci) F 5 population Bacterial Blight (3 loci) F 5 derived families Screen in all 4 assays to select for homozygotes Screen in field to select for better agronomic types Enter best lines into yield trials

10 Molecular Marker Availability Ready to go (single gene traits) PSbMV Boron / powdery mildew resistance Agronomic traits (semi-dwarf, semi-leafless, sugar pod, seed type) Coming soon (2 5 loci) Downy mildew resistance BLRV Bacterial blight A long way off (highly complex) Salinity Ascochyta blight

11 Standard MAS Approach Cross F 1 AA x aa Aa Gen AA Aa aa F F 2 A a F F A AA Aa F a Aa X aa F DH :2:1 1:2:0

12 Marker Application with 1 locus Standard Generation Advance Gen AA Aa aa F F F F F Marker Assisted Selection Gen AA Aa aa F F F F F

13 Marker Application with 8 loci Standard Generation Advance Marker Assisted Selection Gen Homozyg. Good Carrier Bad Gen Homozyg. Good Heterozygous Heterozygous Carrier Bad F 2 1.5x F 3 3.9x F F F *F 2 1.5x *F *F *F F * After MAS

14 Cost Analysis of Phenotypic Selection (PS) vs Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) Phenotypic Selection Marker Assisted Selection F 2 population Boron tolerance (1 locus) Gen Homozyg. Good Heterozygous Carrier Bad F 3 population F 4 population F 5 population Salinity tolerance (2 loci) Downy Mildew (2 loci) Bacterial Blight (3 loci) *F 2 1.5x *F *F *F F * After MAS

15 Phenotypic Selection vs Marker Assisted Selection Phenotypic Selection Marker Assisted Selection Gen. Screening Assay (# loci) No. of lines Cost (/assay) Cost (Total) Screening Assay No. of lines Cost /assay Cost (Total) F 2 Boron (1) 67 $3.15 $210 MAS (8 loci) 499 $5 $2,497 F 3 Salinity (2) 128 $7.41 $498 MAS (8 loci) 215 $5 $1,075 F 4 F 5 Downy Mildew (2) Bact. Blight (3) 158 $1.87 $296 MAS (8 loci) 116 $5 $ $3.27 $1,090 MAS (8 loci) 215 $5 $1,075 F 5 lines All traits (8) 229 $ $27,420 All traits 50 $ $5,978 Cost $29,964 $11,206

16 PBA Field Pea Breeding F 1 summer nursery F 2 segregating plots Crossing Program 1 2 year Breeding cycle 8 12 year Breeding cycle Yield Trials 4 6 years F 2:3 rows National Variety Trials Varietal Release Heterogeneous lines

17 Genomic Selection Overview Reference Population Selection Candidates Genotypes Phenotypes Genotypes Prediction Equation Genomic Breeding Value = w 1 x 1 +w 2 x 2 +w 3 x 3.. Selected Parents Estimated breeding values

18 High throughput genotyping Glasshouse and field applications Range of technologies Earlier selection of parental germplasm

19 Summary Existing breeding strategy has worked well in the past Statistical analysis to improve understanding of GxE Alternative strategies to better combine multiple traits Advance generations to fixation to improve yield and incorporate molecular markers New technologies to dramatically shorten breeding cycle

20 Thank you Questions or Comments

21 Hybrid Mimics Li Wang et al. PNAS 2015;112:E4959-E4967

22 Genotypes of chromosomal segments of F6 lines. Li Wang et al. PNAS 2015;112:E4959-E4967

23 Hyperspectral Imaging in the Field NDVI to measure biomass in field

24 Optimal Phenology Within the Breeding Program Vegetative growth Flowering Grainfill Maturity Kaspa Twilight Percy Oura June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Use remote sensing to capture phenology Crop modellers to predict optimal phenology Characterise phenology in 5,000 breeding line Select best 1,000 for yield trials

Bacterial blight in field pea

Bacterial blight in field pea Efficient phenotyping method developed in controlled environment for pre-breeding and breeding Dr Pragya Kant- Horsham, Vic Bacterial blight epidemic in Rupanyup, Vic, 2012