Forage Crops TRIAL RESULTS 2018

Transcription

1 Forage Crops TRIAL RESULTS 2018

2 Forage Crops Trial Results 2018 This guide has been published to help you plan a cost effective forage programme. By selecting the correct species and varieties, livestock farmers can look forward to maximising their home grown feed production and enhancing their profitability. The trial results in this booklet are produced from our own UK trials, which have been running for over ten years. To get the best from your crop, we have also included some information about the yield and feed quality that you can expect from each species, as well as some estimated costs to grow each crop. There is also a section on sowing recommendations and fertiliser use to ensure your crop gets off to the best possible start. We hope you find this technical guide useful. Limagrain Forage Team INDEX Crop Summary 1 Fodder Beet 2-3 Kale 4-5 Stubble Turnip 6-7 Forage Rape and Hybrids 8-9 Swede Forage Peas Feeding Guidelines 14 Crop Rotations 15 Precision Drill Recommendations 16 Contacts IBC Printed February 2018

3 Crop Summary Below you can find the key forage crop species and compare yields, growing costs and feed quality. Species Sowing Time Sowing Rate Growing Fresh Yield Dry Matter Crude ME ME per hectare Costs tonnes tonnes Protein MJ/kg DM MJ per hectare per hectare* per hectare per hectare % Fodder Beet March-April 100,000 seeds 1, , ,000 Kale April-Early July 4-5 kg , ,000 Stubble Turnip May-August kg ,000-60,500 Forage Rape May-August 6-8 kg ,000-44,000 3 kg Direct 350g-850g Precision Swede April-June , ,000 Lucerne April-August kg 1, , ,000 Forage Peas March-Early June kg ,000-63,000 Forage Rye Sept-October 185 kg ,000-60,000 Forage Maize April-May ,000 seeds 1, , ,400 *Growing costs provided by Kingshay Farming Trust 3 cuts per year 1 1

4 Fodder Beet Trials Data VARIETY Relative Dry Matter Yield % Data source: Limagrain UK Trials Note: not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year 2 Relative Fresh Yield % Dry Matter Content % Skin Colour % Root in Ground Mean Bolter Count 100% = Tonnes/Ha Brick (RT) White Tarine (RT) Pink Ennermax White Blizzard White Robbos Yellow Magnum (c) White Blaze Red Geronimo Orange * * Lactimo Orange * * Kyros Yellow Jamon Orange Starmon Yellow Feldherr Orange Brigadier Orange (c) = Control RT = Rhizomania tolerant One year trial data only * No data available

5 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry matter = 15-24% 15-22% Crude protein = 12-13% Digestibility value = 78% Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 1460/ha p 34.3p The figures above relate to roots only. Leaves may also be fed after wilting and will contribute further 3-4 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. The figures above relate to roots only. Leaves may also be fed after wilting and will contribute a further 3-4 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Sowing Rates per hectare Pelleted Seed mm Precision Drilled 100,000 seeds Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 80 (+2) Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 3

6 Kale Trials Data Variety Type Relative Dry Matter Yield % Relative Fresh Yield % 100% = Tonnes / ha Dry Matter Content % Leaf:Stem Ratio High score = leafy Plant Height (cm) Digestibility % Winter Hardiness 9 = Best Caledonian (CR) Marrow stem Bombardier (CR) (New) Marrow stem Grampian (CR) Marrow stem Pinfold Intermediate Bittern Intermediate * Voltage Intermediate Keeper Short Maris Kestrel (c) Short Thousand head Older standard * Data Source: Limagrain UK & James Hutton Institute Trials Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year 4 (c) Control Winter hardiness scored: January 2011 * No data available CR = Club root tolerant

7 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = 8-10 tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry matter = 14-16% Crude protein = 16-17% Digestibility value = 70-75% Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 496/ha p 18.8p Sowing Rates per hectare Precision Drilled Direct Drilled Broadcast 2kg 4-5kg 8kg Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 170 (+2) Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 5

8 Stubble Turnips Trials Data Variety Type Relative Dry Matter Yield % Relative Fresh Yield % 100 % = Tonnes / ha Relative Root Dry Matter Yield % Relative Leaf Dry Matter Yield % Mildew Resistance 9 = Best Alternaria Resistance 9 = Best Samson Tet Purple tankard Delilah White tankard Barkant (c) Purple tankard * * Rondo Green globe Skyfall (New) Leafy Dynamo Purple globe Whitestar White globe * * Tyfon Leafy Data source: Limagrain UK trials Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year * No data available (c) = Control Tet = Tetraploid Disease scores taken: December

9 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry matter = 8-9% Crude protein = 17-18% Digestibility value = 68-70% Metabolisable energy = 11 MJ/kg DM Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 305/ha p 17.9p Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Sowing Rates per hectare Drilled into stubble Drilled after grass Broadcast 4-5kg 5-6kg 7.5kg 6-7kg Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 20 (+2) When grown as a catch crop after cereals, apply no more than 75 kg N/ha at Index 0 or 1. Further reductions may be made if the soil is moist and has been cultivated. For stubble turnips sown after mid August, apply 50 P 2 O 5 /ha at Index 0 only. Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 7

10 Forage Rape and Hybrids Trials Data Variety Relative Dry Matter Yield % Relative Fresh Yield % 100 % = Tonnes/ha Dry Matter Content % Mildew Resistance 9 = Best Alternaria Resistance 9 = Best Winter Hardiness 9 = Best Interval (hybrid) Swift (hybrid) Hobson Gorilla * Rampart * Emerald (c) Stego * * 4 Avon * Redstart (hybrid) Winfred * * 5 Hungry Gap Data source : Limagrain UK trials Note: not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year 8 (c) = Control Winter hardiness scored: January 2011 * No data available

11 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = Average fresh yields = Dry matter = Crude protein = Digestibility value = Metabolisable energy = tonnes/ha tonnes/ha 12-13% 19-20% 65% MJ/kg DM Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 408/ha p 29.7p Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Sowing Rates per hectare Drilled into stubble Drilled after grass Broadcast 6kg 7kg 8kg Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 20 (+2) When grown as a catch crop after cereals, apply no more than 75 kg N/ha at Index 0 or 1. Further reductions may be made if the soil is moist and has been cultivated. Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 9

12 Swede Trials Data Variety Relative Dry Matter Yield % Relative Fresh Yield % 100% = Tonnes / ha Dry Matter Content % Mildew Resistance 9 = Best Root Shape 9 = Best Neck Length High Score = Longer Neck Gowrie Lomond Ruby Invitation Brora Ruta Otofte (c) Magres Helenor Marian Data source: Limagrain & James Hutton Institute Trials Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year (c) = Control 10

13 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = 7-10 tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry matter = 10-13% Crude protein = 10-11% Digestibility value = 82% Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010 Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 403/ha p 23.5p Sowing Rates per hectare Precision Drilled (Grade H) Direct Drilled (Natural) Broadcast (Natural) g 3kg 5kg Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 125 (+2) Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 11

14 Forage Peas Silage Trials Data Variety Relative Dry Matter Yield % Relative Fresh Yield % 100% = Tonnes / ha Dry Matter Content % Crude Protein Content % Leaf Type Flower Colour Magnus Semi Leafless Coloured Tiberius Semi Leafless White Mantara Semi Leafless Coloured Audit Semi Leafless White Prophet Semi Leafless White Javlo Semi Leafless White Arable Silage Mixtures Protein Plus Prosile Data source: Limagrain UK Trials 2016 Harvested as Silage 12

15 Typical Yields and Feed Quality Typical Costs and Value Average dry matter yield = tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry matter = 20-25% Crude protein = 16-20% 18-20% Digestibility value = 62-64% Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg MJ/kg DM DM Data Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report Cost per hectare Cost per tonne fresh weight Cost per tonne utilised dry matter Relative value /tonne DM Cost per litre of milk Cost per kilo of live weight gain Total Cost 708/ha p 33.11p Sowing Rates per hectare Drilled Broadcast Arable Silage Mixture 125kg 150kg kg kg Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )}kg/ha Potash (K 2 O) (-2) 20 (+2) Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 13

16 Feeding Guidelines Many of the forages that appear in this booklet are grazed and utilised in the field (grazed in situ). To get the best from your crops, a few simple steps can make all the difference in maximising animal performance and profitability. The following are some of the key management tools you may consider: Recommended inclusion rates should be between 35 to 50% of total dry matter intake Access to straw or hay, as well as the forage brassica is important Ensure a good water supply Occasionally, over-feeding can cause Goitre and blood Anaemia but access to straw and hay can help reduce this problem Strip Grazing Using an electric fence will help reduce wastage in the field Long narrow strips are best to allow full animal access Introduce the animals to the crop slowly Move the electric fence daily if possible Providing a dry run back will keep the animals clean The chart below will allow you to calculate how many grazing days each forage crop will provide: Species Average Fresh Yield Tonnes per Hectare Less Watage Factor Grazing Wastage % Utilisable Yield Tonnes per Hectare Grazing Days per Hectare Sheep Ration 7.5kg per day 10kg per day Dairy or Beef Ration 22kg/2-3 hour grazing period Kale Stubble Turnip Forage Rape Swede Forage Peas Forage Rye Data source: Limagrain UK 14

17 Crop Rotations Using the chart below you can easily introduce forage crops into your rotation. Simply look at the options in the column marked what do you want to achieve. For instance Cereal to Grass, and then select the year 1 and year 2 crop options. Forage crops provide a fantastic break crop and entry back into grass they allow you to control any serious weed problems and will add back to your soil vital animal manures. What do you want to achieve? Year 1 Crop Suggestions Year 2 Crop Suggestions SPRING AUTUMN/WINTER SPRING AUTUMN/WINTER CEREAL TO GRASS Spring barley Stubble turnips Spring grass reseed HIGH ENERGY Fodder beet Forage maize Feed wheat PROFITABLE SHEEP Swede Spring barley Forage rape PROTEIN BOOSTER Arable silage Lucerne (sow no later than July) NEW GRASS Worn out grass ley Kale Spring sown grass ley (after 1st cut silage) MILK YIELDER Maize Forage rye Fodder beet OUT-WINTERING Fodder beet Kale Kale GRASS REVIVER Low yielding ley Stitch in grass/clover Revitalised grass TRIPLE CEREAL Spring barley Forage rye Forage maize 15 15

18 PRECISION DRILL RECOMMENDATIONS SEED GRADING GRADE SIZE (mm) STANHAY SPRING BASE CHOKE WEBBS SELECTOR BELT SIZE WHEEL Fodder Beet Pelleted Q-U or 16 C A EP Mangel Rubbed M-T or 15 B X E and Graded Swede H A T B Turnip G A T A Kale J A T C NUMBER OF SEEDS BY PACK SIZE SUPPLIED SWEDE KALE TURNIP FODDER BEET Natural seed packed in 1 kg packs (310,000 seeds approx.) Natural seed packed in 1 kg packs (150,000 seeds approx.) Natural seed packed in 1 kg packs (430,000 seeds approx.) (Genetic monogerm) 1 acre (50,000 seeds) Graded seed packed in 500g packs (150,000 seeds approx.) Graded seed packed in 500g packs (75,000 seeds approx.) Graded seed packed in 500g packs (220,000 seeds approx.) Grade Q-U ( mm) Grade H ( mm) (Approx seeds per g) Grade J ( mm) Approx seeds per g) Grade G ( mm) (Approx seeds per g) 16 16

19 Contacts For technical advice and the name of your nearest LG stockist contact: Scotland & N Ireland John Heaphy tel: mob: Northern England & Midlands John Spence tel: mob: West & North Wales Brian Copestake tel: mob: South & S Isles Graham Parnell tel: mob: West & South Rick Swait tel: mob: Eastern Counties Toby Green tel: mob:

20 Tel: Limagrain UK Limited. Registered No England. Registered Office. Rothwell, Market Rasen, Lincolnshire. Ref: Forage Crops Trials/February 2018