GRASS & ROOT SEEDS.

Transcription

1 GRASS & ROOT SEEDS

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction...3 Mixture Selector...4 Next Day Delivery...6 Recommended Grass and Clover List...7 Fast Grass...8 Tower...9 Squire...11 Fortress...12 Shield...13 Sovereign...14 Imperial...16 Crusader...17 Herald...18 Kingdom...19 Majestic...20 Royal...21 Festulolium...21 Horse and Pony...22 Organic Seed...24 Over Seeding...26 Reseeding...28 Lucerne...30 Chicory...31 Clovers...32 Diploids Vs Tetraploids...33 Weed & Pest Control...34 Amenity Seed...36 Wildflower Mixes...38 Environmental Schemes...39 Game Cover...40 Root Crop Guide...41 Fodder Beet...43 Swedes...44 Kale...46 Stubble Turnips...48 Forage Rape...50 Maincrop Turnips...52 Catch Crop Mixtures...52 Forage Crop Technical Update...53 Arable Services...54 Wholecrop Mixtures...55 How to Order...56 It gives me great pleasure to present our range of grass mixtures for Whilst similar in make up to the 2013 range, once again we have improved the mixtures by introducing new, superior varieties where appropriate. These new varieties offer improvements in yield, D value, palatability, persistency, winter hardiness, ground cover and disease resistance. The Wynnstay range of grass seeds has grown to become one of the most popular ranges of mixtures in the UK. As well as attracting new customers, this growth has been driven by an increased trend towards repeat ordering, one of the most positive indicators that our customers are pleased with the performance and value of the mixture range. We work hard to maintain excellent trading relationships with all the major UK grass breeders yet value our completely independent position. This enables us to choose the best varieties of grass and clover to include in our mixtures from a wide range of varieties that have undergone trials and appear on the Grass and Clover Recommended List. Particular care will be required when selecting grass seed mixtures in 2014 as some suppliers will be forced to use substitute varieties which are outdated or have never been trialled in the UK. In order to ensure quality and value, we grow a large proportion of our grass seed on contract with local farms, primarily on the high grade, fertile soils of Herefordshire. This seed is cleaned at our modern, purpose built seed plant here at Shrewsbury. In 2012 a brand new cleaning line was installed ensuring even higher purity standards are achieved. This coupled with excellent germinations ensures that only top quality grass is used for our mixture range. Our on-site blending facility enables us to mix and bag the seed to your specific requirements whether for 3 acres or 300 acres. Adam Simper Grass and Root Seed Product Manager info@grasslandseeds.co.uk 2 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

3 MIXTURE SELECTOR SUITABILITY MIXTURE CONSISTENCY Seed Rates kg/acre Further information on page Grazing Silage Hay Average Heading Date* Westerwolds Italian Ryegrass Hybrid Ryegrass Intermediate Perennial Ryegrass Late Perennial Ryegrass Timothy White Clover Red Clover Meadow Fescue No Clover version Clover Available Chicory Festulolium Short Term Fast Grass 1 Year H HHHHH HHH 19 May Tower 1-2 Years H HHHHH HHHHH 19 May Medium Term Squire 3 Years HHH HHHHH H 20 May Fortress 3-4 Years HHH HHHHH H 20 May Shield 4 Years HHHH HH HH 23 May Sovereign 4-6 Years HHHH HHHH HHHH 29 May Long Term Herald 6+ Years HHHH HHHH HH 31 May Kingdom 6+ Years HHHH HHH HHH 31 May Majestic 6+ Years HHHH HH H 4 June Royal 6+ Years H HHHHH HH 28 May Crusader 6+ Years HHHHH HHH HH 4 June Imperial 7+ Years HHHH HHHH HH 5 June * For Optimum quality silage aim to cut 5-10 days before Heading Date Mixtures displaying this symbol indicate that the mixture is with Chicory Mixtures displaying this symbol indicate that the mixture is with Festulolium Mixtures displaying this symbol indicate that the mixture is as an option without Clover Mixtures displaying this symbol indicate that the mixture is as an option with Clover 4 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

4 NEXT DAY DELIVERY When required we aim to deliver your seed on to farm the next working day. This service is where requested, at no extra cost, for all orders placed by 12 noon for our standard mixture range. Where mixtures are formulated to your requirements we aim to deliver within 2 working days. (For UK mainland only, excluding Highlands of Scotland. Additional charges apply for orders with a value below 70.) ORDER ONLINE Please visit/place an order online at Whether you prefer to order your grass and root seeds online, or if you are just looking for more information please visit our website at Orders can be placed online and either booked to your account (for Wynnstay account holders) or paid for by credit card. Online seed orders placed by 12 noon will be delivered the next working day (subject to conditions). RECOMMENDED GRASS & CLOVER LIST (RL) Knowing the performance characteristics of grass and clover is immensely useful for grassland farmers. It allows appropriate selection of varieties that will perform well for a particular system and end use. The England and Wales Recommended Grass and Clover Lists are drawn up after rigorous and independent testing for attributes such as yield, feed quality, disease, persistence and seasonal growth patterns. The trials are carried out by BSPB and NIAB TAG and evaluated by a panel of experts. If you are using grasses that are not on the Recommended List they will be either old grasses that have been outclassed, grasses that have been shown to be substandard in the testing system, or grasses that may never have been independently tested in the UK so we do not know how they perform. All of the above can result in a reduced yield, lower D value and lower profitability for your farm. Independence Many companies selling grass seed have a bias towards one particular breeder. Our grass seed business is completely independent from any one breeder which allows us to study the data from trials and the Grass and Clover Recommended list so we can select the best possible grasses for our mixtures. We find that plant breeders have different strengths and weaknesses in their breeding programs so it is important to have a range of grasses from each breeder to ensure a good balance of yield, palatability, persistency, winter hardiness, ground cover and disease resistance within the mix. We currently select grasses from all of the following breeders. We select the best possible grasses for our mixtures - to ensure good balance of yield, palatability, persistency, winter hardiness, ground cover and disease resistance To receive your free copy and to find out what grasses and clovers are on the Recommended List: Contact the Seed Office on Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

5 FAST GRASS Grazing Silage Hay TOWER Grazing Silage Hay SHORT TERM 1-2 years ONE YEAR QUICK GROWING Very fast establishment and even quicker growth due to the westerwolds grass Can be sown later in autumn due to quick establishment at lower temperatures Fast Grass can produce silage crops within weeks of drilling with the correct fertiliser and weather conditions Average Heading Date: 19 th May An efficient user of fertiliser Early autumn drilling can produce valuable winter grazing, or early grazing in the following spring. Care should be taken to avoid poaching as quick growing grasses like these do not produce a dense sward 1-2 YEAR BULKY SILAGE PRODUCTION Tower will give up to four cuts per year of high quality silage When reseeding with a short-term ley it is important to use the highest yielding varieties possible, to maximise Dry Matter Yield Davinci and Muriello are used as they are the highest yielding Italians within their group on the Recommended List. Gemini and Barmultra are used as they are the second highest yielding Italians within their group on the Recommended List Average Heading Date: 19 th May Tower is made up of 100% Italian Ryegrasses which grow at lower temperatures than other agricultural grasses, therefore growing earliest in the spring and latest in the autumn High vigour with rapid establishment SHORT TERM 1-2 years 6.50 kg Peleton Westerwold 3.50 kg Gemini Italian Tetraploid Ryegrass 2.00 kg Muriello Italian Diploid Ryegrass 3.50 kg Gemini Italian Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.50 kg Barmultra Italian Tetraploid Ryegrass New Variety 4.00 kg Muriello Italian Diploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Davinci Italian Diploid Ryegrass New Variety 1.00 kg Davinci Italian Diploid Ryegrass New Variety kg/acre kg/acre With increasing feed costs, high yielding grasses are vital for us. We sow 30 acres of Tower each We year following grass and find that Tower easily produces 4 big cuts of quality silage. We find Tower to be aggressive and is ready for another cut 5 weeks after the previous cut. K J & D S A Marshall Ystradcorwg Isaf Rhydargaeau, Carmarthenshire run a dairy and arable enterprise and find that the Tower mixture fits well between wheat crops in our arable rotation. We take 4 cuts of high yielding, high protein silage which the cows milk well on. This picture shows the quantity of grass at 4th cut in mid-september. Tower reliably establishes very quickly and the regrowth after each silage cut is always pleasing. W.F Turner & Son Walton Hurst Farm Eccleshall, Stafford 8 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

6 SQUIRE 3 YEAR RED CLOVER HIGH PROTEIN, HIGH ENERGY SILAGE AND AFTERMATH GRAZING Hybrid Ryegrasses are quick to establish, have high yields and can last up to five years They naturally have high water soluble carbohydrate (sugar contents Grazing Silage Hay Average Heading Date: 20 th May AberEcho is used because of its excellent quality and because it is the highest yielding Tetraploid Hybrid Ryegrass on the Recommended List. Its water soluble carbohydrate (sugar) levels are excellent, even better than Aberdart The new variety Barsilo is used as it has the highest cutting yield in its first harvest year within its group on the Recommended List The Red Clover yields as much dry matter as the grasses and adds protein to the mix Squire is ideal for 2-3 silage cuts with 2-3% higher protein content than a no-clover silage The high protein of the Red Clover finishes lambs very well in the summer period especially with the addition of Chicory The high proportion of Red Clover can help fix up to kg of Nitrogen/ha/year presenting opportunities to reduce Nitrogen application The high Red Clover and Tetraploid content results in consistent performance even in dry years Festulolium Chicory 1.50 kg Barsilo Hybrid Diploid Ryegrass New Variety 1.50 kg Solid Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 4.00 kg AberEcho Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 1.50 kg Catabi 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 1.50 kg Malone Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 3.00 kg Merviot Red Clover kg/acre MEDIUM TERM 3-4 years 10 Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

7 MEDIUM TERM 3-4 years FORTRESS 3-4 YEAR HEAVY PRODUCTION - EARLY GROWTH Grazing Silage Hay Fortress has good early spring growth for an early cut or graze Choose a field that is well drained and suitable for early utilisation The high Tetraploid content increases water soluble carbohydrate Average (sugar) levels which aid silage fermentation and aftermath Heading Date: grazing 20 th May AberEcho is used because it is the highest yielding Tetraploid Hybrid Ryegrass on the Recommended List with excellent quality and very high water soluble carbohydrate (sugar) levels The new variety Barsilo is used as it has the highest cutting yield in its first harvest year within its group on the Recommended List Catabi1 is used for its outstanding disease resistance Very quick growing ley ideally suited for cutting, if grazing is the priority look at Shield SHIELD 4 YEAR QUALITY GRAZER WITH SILAGE POTENTIAL Shield is an ideal mix for short/medium term grazing, it has good ground cover and very quick re-growth from the hybrid AberEcho The new variety AberGreen is used because it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield. It also has very high grazing D values and the second highest ground cover score within its group on the Recommended List AstonEnergy is used as it has the highest grazing D values with high Grazing Silage Hay Average Heading Date: 23 rd May grazing yields and excellent disease resistance within its group on the Recommended List The new variety Boyne is used because it has the highest ground cover score and the highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List AberMagic is used as it is the second highest yielding grazing grass within its group on the Recommended List, with high grazing D values and high cutting yields In a normal year Shield will produce a good quality first cut around the third week of May MEDIUM TERM 3-4 years Clover Chicory 4.00 kg AberEcho Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 1.50 kg Solid Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 1.50 kg Barsilo Hybrid Diploid Ryegrass New Variety 3.00 kg Malone Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 4.00 kg Catabi 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG Clover Chicory 3.00 kg AberEcho Tetraploid Hybrid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Boyne Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 1.50 kg AberMagic Intermediate Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Malone Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg AstonEnergy Intermediate Tetraploid PRG New Variety Festulolium kg/acre Festulolium 1.50 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety kg/acre 12 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

8 MEDIUM TERM 4-6 years SOVEREIGN 4-6 YEAR INTENSIVE DUAL PURPOSE Our best selling mixture specifically designed for intensive management alternating between cutting and grazing Sovereign is a versatile mixture capable of one or two cuts of silage then quality aftermath grazing The new variety AberGreen is used because it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield. It also has very high grazing D values and the second highest ground cover score within its group on Grazing Silage Hay Average Heading Date: 29 th May the Recommended List. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production AstonEnergy is included as it has the highest grazing D values with high grazing yields and excellent disease resistance within its group on the Recommended List The new variety Drumbo is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and grazing D value within its group on the Recommended List. It also has very good late season growth which will help extend the grazing season Timothy helps fill the summer gap and also thrives in cooler wetter conditions. It also increases intake with its high palatability Presto Timothy is used as it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List A Clover blend is used allowing for various management regimes We are a mixed farm enterprise with pedigree Suffolk sheep, store cattle, sucklers and arable. We like using Sovereign because it has a very thick base and is so versatile between cutting and grazing. This versatility gives us options with the management of our other grass leys. The clover content is good and helps increase the protein content within the diet. Sovereign provides early spring growth which last year helped finish lambs 4 weeks earlier compared to some of our other pastures. Whether cutting or grazing, Sovereign always produces a lot of quality grass. S P Davies, Jays Barn Farm, Bucknell, Shropshire MEDIUM TERM 4-6 years No Clover Chicory Festulolium 1.50 kg AberMagic Intermediate Diploid PRG 4.00 kg AstonEnergy Intermediate Tetraploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg Malone Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.50 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg Drumbo Late Diploid PRG New Variety 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.50 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg S184 Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre 14 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

9 IMPERIAL Grazing Silage Hay CRUSADER Grazing Silage Hay LONG TERM 7 years + LONG TERM CUTTING AND GRAZING Imperial is made up of Late Perennial Ryegrasses to give excellent first cut quality silage Imperial s Late Perennial Ryegrasses mean it is less likely to produce stemmy seed heads in the summer and so maintain a fresh sward with three true leaves throughout the season The new variety AberGain is used because it has the highest cutting and grazing yield, coupled with the highest grazing D value as well. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production Average Heading Date: 5 th June AberBite is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and very high cutting yields combined with very high grazing D values within its group on the Recommended List. It also has excellent winter hardiness and top Drechslera and Crown Rust scores The new variety Drumbo is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and grazing D value within its group on the Recommended List. It also has very good late season growth which will help extend the grazing season AberAvon is used as it has massive yields and the highest grazing D value within its group on the Recommended List, it also has the highest crown rust and winter hardiness scores High sugar content from all the Aber varieties, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production Presto Timothy is used as it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List A clover blend is used allowing for a range of different management regimes LONG TERM SHEEP GRAZING WITH EARLY BITE Includes AberChoice as it has excellent winter hardiness and has the highest grazing yield. With a very high grazing D value within its group on the Recommended List AberAvon is used as it has the second highest grazing yield within its group on the Recommended List, and has the highest grazing D Value with excellent ground cover scores The new variety AberGreen is used because it has the highest grazing Average Heading Date: 4 rd June yield and the second highest cutting yield. It also has very high grazing D values and the second highest ground cover score within its group on the Recommended List. The new variety Drumbo is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and grazing D value within its group on the Recommended List. It also has very good late season growth which will help extend the grazing season Very high sugar content from all the Aber varieties making it very efficient in terms of meat and milk production Very persistent with nearly 70% of the mixture made up of Late Perennial Ryegrass Crusader produces a very dense sward from the high quantity of Diploids within the mix The clover blend of a medium-large leaf and a small leaf type enables tight grazing with both sheep and cattle LONG TERM 6 years kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg AberBite Late Tetraploid PRG 2.50 kg AberAvon Late Diploid PRG 3.50 kg Drumbo Late Diploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg Ideal Late Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.50 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.50 kg S184 Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre No Clover Chicory Dyfan Ellis Jones Imperial does exceptionally well on our dairy and sheep system. We find that as it is made up of all Late Perennials it does not go stemmy and produces lush leafy grass for grazing well into the growing season. Some of the fields of Imperial are shut up for 3 cuts of quality silage, and last year we won the Big Bale Silage competition for Mid Cardiganshire. The thick base that Imperial has means that it provides quality grazing for the sheep over the winter. The flexibility between cutting and grazing that Imperial provides is a big benefit to our system. D T E & J Jones Pantlleinau Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire 2.50 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 2.50 kg AberAvon Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg AberChoice Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Drumbo Late Diploid PRG New Variety 3.00 kg Ideal Late Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.50 kg AberDai Medium / Large Leaf White Clover 0.50 kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre 16 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed No Clover Chicory

10 HERALD Grazing Silage Hay KINGDOM Grazing Silage Hay LONG TERM 6 years + MEDIUM/LONG TERM DUAL PURPOSE A higher seed rate than most other mixes ensures quick establishment and maximum yield Wide range of heading dates optimises grass production throughout the growing season AstonEnergy is used as it has the highest grazing D values with high grazing yields and excellent disease resistance within its group on the Recommended List Average Heading Date: 31 st May The new variety AberGain is used because it has the highest cutting and grazing yield, coupled with the highest grazing D value. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production The new variety Boyne has the highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List. It also has fantastic Drechslera and Mildew scores Inclusion of Timothy gives good mid season growth and also thrives in cooler wetter conditions. Timothy will also increase intake with its high palatability Presto Timothy is used as it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List Versatile mix, will cut and graze whilst producing a very dense sward Clover blend to boost forage protein and palatability plus the added benefit of soil nitrogen fixation LONG TERM CUTTING AND GRAZING (HIGH RAINFALL AREAS) AstonEnergy is used as it has the highest grazing D values with high grazing yields and excellent disease resistance within its group on the recommended list The new variety AberGain is used because it has the highest cutting and grazing yield, coupled with the highest grazing D value. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production Proven long-term cutting and grazing mixture Average Heading Date: 31 st May The blend of intermediate and late perennials give great flexibility for both cutting and grazing management Presto Timothy is used as it has the highest grazing yield and the second highest cutting yield within its group on the Recommended List Higher inclusion of Timothy which is known to thrive in wetter soil conditions Meadow Fescue is used to create a very dense bottom to the ley and is very stress tolerant which helps it thrive on wet or drier soil types. Clover blend contains mainly small and medium leaf varieties to cover grazing by livestock and some large leaf for the cutting regime LONG TERM 6 years + No Clover Chicory 3.00 kg Boyne Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg AstonEnergy Intermediate Tetraploid PRG New Variety 1.00 kg Malone Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 3.00 kg Cancan Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Tyrella Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.50 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg S184 Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre No Clover Chicory 2.00 kg Boyne Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 1.75 kg AstonEnergy Intermediate Tetraploid PRG New Variety 1.75 kg Catabi 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Drumbo Late Diploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg Foxtrot Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 2.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.20 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover 0.20 kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover 0.40 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.70 kg Meadow Fescue kg/acre 18 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

11 LONG TERM MAJESTIC SS9 LONG TERM DAIRY PASTURE AstonEnergy is used as it has the highest grazing D values with high grazing yields and excellent disease resistance within its group on the Recommended List The new variety AberGain is used because it has the highest cutting and grazing yield, coupled with the highest grazing D value. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production AberBite is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and very high cutting yields combined with very high grazing D values within its group on the Recommended List. It also has excellent winter hardiness and top Drechslera and Crown Rust scores Majestic has a high proportion of Tetraploid Ryegrass to give maximum cow grazing potential as Tetraploids are more readily grazed than Diploid varieties Newly sown Tetraploids can provide up to 50% more dry matter in a drought year than their Diploid counterparts Majestic has a higher seed rate to allow for the larger size of Tetraploid seed Majestic should be rotationally grazed rather than set stocked for maximum performance No Clover No Clover kg/acre Grazing Silage Hay 3.00 kg AstonEnergy Intermediate Tetraploid PRG New Variety 3.00 kg Cancan Late Diploid PRG 4.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 4.00 kg AberBite Late Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Elgon Late Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover Average Heading Date: 4 th June We have a dairy enterprise and like using the Wynnstay Majestic mix as it offers a quick growing grass for our day rotational grazing system. As the mix is mainly made up of Tetraploid Ryegrasses, we find that they present themselves better to the cow which helps to increase the forage intake. The cows always milk well after grazing the Majestic ley. D W Eardley Upper House Farm Market Drayton Shropshire ROYAL Grazing Silage Hay LONG TERM CUTTING FESTULOLIUM 3.00 kg Boyne Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 4.00 kg Catabi 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Tyrella Late Diploid PRG 4.00 kg AberBite Late Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety kg/acre Average Heading Date: 28 th May The new variety AberGain is used because it has the highest cutting and grazing yield, coupled with the highest grazing D value. It is also a high sugar grass, making it more efficient in terms of meat and milk production AberBite is used as it has the second highest grazing yield and very high cutting yields combined with very high grazing D values within its group on the Recommended List. It also has excellent winter hardiness and top Drechslera and Crown Rust score Proven long term cutting mixture Royal gives good aftermath grazing from the Tetraploid contents Ideal for fields away from the farm that will be cut three or four times a year Royal will thicken in the bottom if grazed at least once a year Fescue grasses are valued for their improved drought tolerance, but potential yields and quality have always been well below modern day Ryegrasses. Festuloliums are described as: A cross between Meadow Fescue or Tall Fescues (Festucas) and Italian Ryegrass or Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium). Their attributes are: Improved drought tolerance, grows at lower temperatures early and late in the year so extends the growing season, high quality, good winter hardiness and persistency, high stress tolerance, responds well to Nitrogen We have two varieties of Festulolium: ABERNICHE (MEADOW FESCUE X ITALIAN-TYPE RYEGRASS) AberNiche is the first Festulolium to be added to the Grass and Clover Recommended List, it is listed in the Hybrid Ryegrass section. AberNiche shows that the transfer of the more stress resistant fescue genes into Ryegrass can be achieved without negatively affecting the yield or quality characteristics of the grass. The improved stress tolerance makes it ideal for drought prone areas. Trials show that its winter hardiness is similar to other Italian Ryegrass and the same if not better than some Hybrid Ryegrasses. AberNiche is suited for short to medium term silage mixtures which also include Hybrid Ryegrass, Perennial Ryegrass and Clover. The mixes that AberNiche would most suit would be Squire and Fortress. LOFA LOFA has shown to perform particularly well when conditions are sub-optimal due to different stress factors. This wide resistance is exactly what breeders and users are aiming for to secure forage production and quality. The resistance to crown rust is excellent. The early spring growth allows a very large spring window with excellent forage quality. The mixtures that Lofa would most suit would be Shield and Sovereign. Please phone the office on to discuss Festuloliums to see if they would suit your grassland management Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed Clover LONG TERM FESTULOLIUM

12 EQUINE HORSE AND PONY MIX LONG TERM DENSE PADDOCK MIX WITH HAY OPTION Our horse and pony mixture has been designed specifically to handle horses and ponies and the damage they can do to a field This well balanced mix is designed to produce palatable yet low sugar swards for horses to graze or to be shut up to produce a sweet smelling high quality hay Strong Creeping Red Fescue, as the name suggests, grows along the ground, so will help to fill in any hoof prints left by galloping horses The horse and pony sward can be grazed all year round (be careful not to poach the ground) The wide range of heading dates increases the length of growing season so horses can graze for longer in the year Clover is not included as it is not recommended for horse or ponies that are prone to laminitis; however we can add clover to the mix to suit your needs 4.00 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 1.00 kg Godali 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.50 kg Premium Intermediate Diploid PRG 3.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Tyrella Late Diploid PRG 1.50 kg Alma Timothy kg/acre HORSE HAY MIX SHORT TERM (Tower see page 9) 3.50 kg Gemini Italian Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.50 kg Barmultra Italian Tetraploid Ryegrass New Variety 4.00 kg Muriello Italian Diploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Davinci Italian Diploid Ryegrass New Variety kg/acre LONG TERM This mix has been designed to produce high yields for Hay or Haylage with quality aftermath grazing Our Long Term Horse Hay mix has been designed to last 5 6 years A well balanced mixture that only contains Diploids which will ensure an even conditioning of the hay sward kg Kilrea Early Diploid PRG 2.50 kg Boyne Intermediate Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Butara 1 Intermediate Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Premium Intermediate Diploid PRG 2.50 kg Tyrella Late Diploid PRG 2.00 kg Alma Timothy kg/acre HORSE HERB MIX Our Horse Herb mixture has been designed specifically to add minerals and trace elements to your long term horse pasture This well balanced mix is designed to produce palatable yet low sugar swards for horses to graze or to be shut up to produce a sweet smelling high quality hay The wide range of heading dates increases the length of the growing season so horses can graze for longer in the year Strong Creeping Red Fescue, as the name suggests, grows along the ground, so will help to fill in any hoof prints left by galloping horses The Horse Herb sward can be grazed all year round (be careful not to poach the ground) 3.00 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 1.00 kg Godali 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.50 kg Premium Intermediate Diploid PRG 3.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Tyrella Late Diploid PRG 1.50 kg Alma Timothy 0.30 kg Perennial Chicory 0.20 kg Sheeps Burnet 0.20 kg Sheeps Parsley 0.10 kg Ribgrass 0.10 kg Yarrow 0.10 kg Sainfoin kg/acre GATEWAY Wynnstay s Gateway mix is a three-variety blend that is used to patch up poached areas around feeding troughs and gateways. Larger seeded Tetraploids are mainly used as they establish more rapidly in less than ideal conditions This blend is not suitable to use as a over seeding mix It is packed in 10kg packs and is very quick to get established 4.50 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg Premium Intermediate Diploid PRG 4.50 kg Godali 1 Intermediate Tetraploid PRG kg/acre Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed EQUINE

13 ORGANIC SEED ORGANIC SEED The growth in sales of organic grass, arable silage and cereal seeds has been substantial in the past few years. We have also seen a large sales increase in fertility and soil structure crops such as Mustard, Phacelia, Red Clover and, more recently, Sweet Clover. Wynnstay have been selling organic cereal seeds and grass mixtures since We are fully licensed with Organic Farmers and Growers and have representation on the working group committee that decides how to interpret European directives with regard to organic seed. We are more than willing to put forward any comments from our customers at these meetings. The organic seed inclusion level for organic forage mixtures for 2014 is to increase to 70%. Wynnstay can offer organic alternatives to our conventional grass seed leys. Please see below and opposite for organic leys and seeds that are. 70% ORGANIC SOVEREIGN 4-6 YEAR INTENSIVE DUAL PURPOSE 2.15 kg Organic Solomon Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 6.00 kg Organic Calibra Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg Organic Romark Late Diploid PRG 1.85 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.75 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre ORGANIC SEED 70% ORGANIC SQUIRE 3 YEAR RED CLOVER HIGH PROTEIN, HIGH ENERGY SILAGE AND AFTERMATH GRAZING 5.10 kg Organic Solid Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Organic Calibra Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg Organic Merviot Red Clover 1.90 kg AberEcho Hybrid Ryegrass 2.00 kg Corvus Red Clover kg/acre 70% ORGANIC IMPERIAL LONG TERM CUTTING AND GRAZING 3.00 kg Organic Foxtrot Late Diploid PRG 4.15 kg Organic Polim Late Tetraploid PRG 3.00 Kg Organic Romark Late Diploid PRG 1.85 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 1.00 kg Presto Timothy New Variety 0.75 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.75 kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover kg/acre For information and advice on organic leys please phone the seed office on and speak to Adam, Richard, Colin or Samara. We also stock the following organic seeds: Organic Italian Ryegrass Organic Hybrid Ryegrass Organic Intermediate Diploid Ryegrass Organic Intermediate Tetraploid Ryegrass Organic Late Diploid Perennial Ryegrass Organic Late Tetraploid Ryegrass Organic Red Clover Organic Timothy Organic Root Seed : Organic Stubble Turnips Organic Swede (Graded and Natural) Organic Forage Rape All subject to availability 24 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

14 OVER SEEDING SHORT TERM STITCHING IN MIX NO CLOVER LONG TERM STITCHING IN MIX NO CLOVER OVER SEEDING Over seeding is a very simple but effective way to rejuvenate old or damaged grass leys without the cost of a complete reseed. Increases in yield and quality can be achieved without ploughing and the time spent out of production can be reduced. Over seeding could be the way forward for you. Recent trials work has seen results from over seeding into an existing ley by: An increase of yield by over three tonnes of dry matter per hectare Increases in D value by 2 points Higher crude protein; metabolisable energy, and sugar contents Timing is imperative and the main aim is to minimise competition from the existing sward. The best time to over seed is March, April, July or September as the grasses are not growing as vigorously as they are in May and June. Over seeding is also best suited after hard grazing or close cutting. Careful consideration needs to be given when choosing where to over seed, an open sward is needed, as a thick old feggy sward will be very hard to open out to allow the seeds to reach the soil. Good seed to soil contact is vital when over seeding. Remove all grass by cutting or tight grazing. Scarify in at least two directions using a wire tine grass harrow. After this if the sward is thin the seed can be broadcast on. It is then very important to tightly roll the field to get as much seed to soil contact as possible. It will also conserve moisture and flatten stone and mole hills for silage ground. This is best achieved by using a ring roller or treading in with sheep (make sure the sheep come off after 7-10 days). A method that is becoming increasingly popular is to slot seed into the soil, but you must be sure not to drill too deep. For both methods, Tetraploid Ryegrasses are recommended as they are a larger seed compared to Diploids. They are used because of their strong, competitive growth habits, and are thought to have a higher drought tolerance compared to Diploids. The grass should be sown at 10kg/acre. Choose the appropriate Wynnstay Over seeding grass seed mixture by speaking to your local representative or call Adam Simper or Samara Holcroft in the Seed Office for advice on which mixture suits your needs. You should leave the pasture for 5-6 weeks after sowing and then lightly graze. (Make sure the root system is strong enough to withstand grazing, especially sheep, and that the animals are not pulling up the leaf blade and the root from the ground). The following year you can continue with normal grassland farming. To get the best out of your ley make sure you check the ph, phosphate and potash levels of the soil. Apply lime if necessary to achieve 6.5 ph at a maximum of 5t/ha (2t/acre), split dress if more is required, and ensure phosphate and potash levels are above a soil index of 2. The new seedlings should be well established before Nitrogen is applied, this is normally around 4 weeks after sowing, if fertiliser is applied before this only the old grasses will benefit and out compete the new ryegrass. The same method can be used for applying clover to swards, however as clover is traditionally slower to establish we recommend you only sow clover in the summer or early autumn kg AberEcho Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Solid Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 4.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG kg /acre SHORT TERM STITCHING IN MIX PLUS CLOVER 3.00 kg AberEcho Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Solid Hybrid Tetraploid Ryegrass 3.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 0.50 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover kg / acre From left to right Osian Edwards, David Atkin from Atkin Groundwork Contractors and Meurig Huws from Wynnstay 2.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 3.50 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 2.50 kg AberBite Late Tetraploid PRG 2.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety kg / acre LONG TERM STITCHING IN MIX PLUS CLOVER 2.00 kg Orion Intermediate Tetraploid PRG 3.50 kg AberGreen Intermediate Diploid PRG New Variety 2.50 kg AberBite Late Tetraploid PRG 1.00 kg AberGain Late Tetraploid PRG New Variety 0.50 kg Crusader Medium Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Alice Large Leaf White Clover 0.25 kg Rivendell Small Leaf White Clover kg / acre Regularly walking our grassland to see how much grass cover is is a common practice for us. The decision was made that some of the fields were very open and patchy, which meant that we were not getting the quantity of grass that we needed. We decided to over sow some of the fields to improve the quantity and quality of the grass. The Long Term over seeding mix with clover seemed the ideal mix as we wanted to increase both the grass and clover content and wanted a mix that would last more than 5 years. In April David Atkin from Atkin Groundwork contractors drilled the seed with his Aitchison drill and the seed took extremely well. After sowing, the 1st cut yield and quality showed a massive improvement compared to previous years. We will look to over sow more fields this year as we are very pleased with the results. W.W & O.W Edwards Pen Y Bryn, Chwilog, Pwllheli OVER SEEDING 26 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

15 IMPORTANCE OF RESEEDING TIPS FOR RESEEDING RESEEDING It is common knowledge that reseeding a field will improve yield, on average by 33%, but there are also many other benefits. Over several years weed grasses will ingress into any sward after poaching or a hard winter. These weed grasses have very poor quality characteristics compared to modern day perennials, such as poor digestibility (i.e. they do not convert to meat or milk as efficiently as a perennial) and poor response to fertiliser. As the Grassland Research Institute at Hurley showed, after 8 years, more than half the original sown species die out. The benefits that a new reseed will bring are: Improved yields, Better diseases resistance especially to crown rust Earlier turnout of stock which will lead to higher stocking rates More palatable and digestible (increasing milk and meat production, improving the animal condition) RESPONSE TO FERTILISER In this current era of volatile fertiliser prices it is important that the grass species in your sward respond to fertiliser inputs. When compared to Perennial Ryegrass, the response to nitrogen is as follows: Yorkshire Fog only gives a response to nitrogen of 42% Creeping Bentgrass only gives a response to nitrogen of 33% Rough Stalked Meadowgrass only gives a response to nitrogen of 17% (WPBS). Improved silage quality Improved response to N fertiliser Increase margins per head by having lower concentrated feed costs There is obviously a cost associated with reseeding which is why it is vital you choose the best grass ley possible, which includes the most modern up to date varieties Weed Grass Ingression % Source: Grassland Research Institute - Hurley 100 Response to Nitrogen Once the decision to reseed has been made; following these steps will help to fulfil the potential of the reseed. Destroy the old sward using a product containing glyphosate. Ensure there is sufficient new growth for the chemical to be taken up and that an appropriate rate is applied under correct conditions. Whilst this treatment will control actively growing plants it will not kill dormant seed in the soil. Take a soil sample at 10cm (4 inches) to analyse ph, P and K indices Apply FYM Plough and Press Apply seedbed fertiliser as required. Apply lime to achieve 6.5 ph at maximum of 5t/ha (2t/acre), split-dress if more is required. Work down to prepare a fine, firm seedbed Ring roll Choose correct grass mixture Drill or broadcast the seed onto the rolled seedbed. Ring roll or light harrow to ensure maximum contact between seed and soil. Grass and clovers will not germinate until the average daily soil temperature is above 5ºc. Temperatures need to rise to achieve satisfactory growth. Spray with Dursban WG (Chlorpyrifos) if Leather-Jackets or Frit Fly are expected. Durban WG may be tank mixed with the glyphosate used to burn off the old sward to achieve very cost effective control. Remember to follow the guidelines laid down in the No-Drift Stewardship Campaign. Graze periodically from 8-12cm 3-4 1/2 inches down to 3-6cm (1-1 1/2 inches). This will help achieve a densely tillered leafy sward. The removal of grass allows light to reach and stimulate grass tiller buds and clover growing points. Sheep or young cattle are less likely to poach the developing sward. Weed control in the new ley is usually necessary to ensure good establishment and to avoid a gappy sward If significant weed problems are expected you should consider establishing the ley without clover and introducing it once a herbicide has been applied to the sward. Plants from within one metre of each other: MISSED ROLLED RESEEDING These losses in response occur when nitrogen is increased from 50 to 150 units per acre. PRG Yorkshire Fog Rough Stalked Meadowgrass Bent Grass 28 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

16 LUCERNE CHICORY LUCERNE A high yielding crop that is grown primarily for cutting with limited grazing potential. The added benefits are high drought tolerance, high protein and productivity lasting up to 5 years. Site Selection and Crop Requirements Lucerne is best suited and thrives in deep free draining soil Its deep tap root allows the plant to scavenge for water and nutrient reserves For rapid establishment, a soil ph range of is needed, so a soil test is vital before sowing Adequate ph status will also ensure activity of nitrogen fixing rhizobium bacteria within the root nodules Atmospheric nitrogen will not be fixed if the ph is lower than 6.2 Sowing and establishment Lucerne seed should always be inoculated with a culture of live Rhizobia meliloti bacteria to ensure a successful root nodulation and efficient nitrogen fixing Seed should be sown between April and mid August, but must be sown into a warm seedbed, very little moisture is required The seed should be sown into a firm fine seedbed at 8 10kg / acre 2 kg of Timothy or Meadow Fescue can be sown along with the Lucerne to act as a nurse crop which will help to out- compete weeds. Sow at a depth of 5 12mm in loamy soils and 12-25mm in sandy soils where moisture may be limited Harvesting Guidelines Mid to late bud is identified as the best timing indicator for harvest Timing is critical as Lucerne must be allowed to build up root reserves before re-harvesting so allow a minimum of 4-5 weeks between cuts Cutting too early should therefore be avoided as the persistence of the crop is dramatically reduced Conversely cutting too late (first flowering stage) results in lower quality material which is high in indigestible Cellulose Typically four cuts per year could be taken from late May to mid October For more information please phone the Seed Office on HIGH YIELD, HIGH PROTEIN HERB FOR GRASS LEYS We have been using chicory for many years now and we have learnt a lot about the inclusion of chicory within our grass leys and as a pure chicory sward. Those finishing lambs in mid summer have seen big improvements from using chicory. When grass growth slows down in mid summer the chicory will maintain its growth and farmers have been talking of a bloom to their lambs once they are on the chicory and nearly all report an outstanding increase in growth rates. From talking to farmers that grow Puna II they are delighted with the rapid re-growth after grazing and they think the benefits in a single year pay for the extra seed price. We have learnt more about grazing chicory, too much grazing over the winter especially in wet conditions will expose the crown and kill the plants. Chicory should be rotationally grazed for best results with light short spells in year one. Under the correct management chicory will last 3-4 years. For more information and advice please phone the Seed Office on FORAGE CHICORY Bred in New Zealand this deep tap rooted herb provides high forage yields with high protein content and high mineral content. It is selected through a long term breeding program for its nutritive value, productivity, palatability and persistency. It has achieved outstanding animal performance with drought resistance, once established, and good pest tolerance. It can be sown into grass and clover mixtures or on its own to provide leafy forage from spring to autumn. Sowing Ideally in the spring, April onwards Can be sown in the autumn but like Red Clover needs to be well established before going dormant in the winter Sow at kg per acre if included with grass and clover mixture Sow at 2.00 kg per acre if sown as pure stand Slug pellets may improve establishment Seed is small and light, therefore sow no deeper than 1 cm deep Broad leaf weed control will kill chicory Soil Types Puna II prefers well-drained soils. P & K indices 2, ph 6. Chicory is responsive to N fertiliser, apply 45 kg N/Ha at the start of spring and then applications after grazing. Or sow with a medium to large leaf White Clover to provide N Grazing Management Once established Puna II can be grazed from about 8 weeks. Graze hard in the spring to keep on top of the crop to prevent flowering. To prevent wastage strip graze with an electric fence or rotationally graze in paddocks. Introduce lambs to the crop when it is 25 30cm tall (10 12 inches). Stock at a rate to take the crop down quickly to 5cm (2 inches). Rotate or back fence to allow regrowth. Continuous grazing or strip grazing, without a back fence will reduce crop quality and longevity. Can deliver lamb growth rates of 300/400 grams per day Rotational length should be 3 to 6 weeks depending on time of growing season. Mature crops above 30cm are less palatable and poorer quality. In the first year chicory will rarely flower in subsequent years control flowering by tight grazing or topping. Graze accumulated regrowth before winter. Hard grazing particularly after flowering or damage to the crown in wet conditions will affect production and persistence. Animal Health Benefits Trials at SAC Aberdeen concluded that there was a reduction in internal parasites on pastures of Puna and subsequently growth rates were improved. Chicory does not cause bloat when fed to cattle TYPICAL NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PURE CHICORY Dry Matter Crude Protein Digestibility Oil (Acid Hydrolysed) 8% 24.5% 66.1% 4.6% 15.2% 10.4% 30 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed Ash ME CHICORY

17 CLOVERS DIPLOIDS Vs TETRAPLOIDS CLOVERS Clover is an essential part of any grassland sward. Not only does it fix nitrogen, up to an estimated rate of kg/ ha according to the Institute Of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), but it also increases intake and daily liveweight gain. Clovers, both Red and White, tend to grow more in the summer and autumn providing valuable grazing when the grass growth is slower. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS The main difference between Diploid and Tetraploid Ryegrass is the number of chromosomes per cell. Diploid plants have two sets of chromosomes per cell whilst Tetraploids have four. Tetraploids have an increased cell size due to this and have a higher ratio of cell contents (soluble carbohydrates [sugar]) to cell wall (fibre), indicating that they have a higher water content per cell. Diploid plants have more tillers per plant and due to the lower water content per cell have a higher dry matter per kilogram of feed and also more energy than Tetraploid plants. Diploid and Tetraploid plants have similar protein levels. A general rule of thumb is Tetraploids are favoured in cutting regimes and Diploids in tight grazing situations. DIPLOIDS VS TETRAPLOIDS WHITE CLOVER White Clover is used in medium and long term mixtures. It will move through the sward as it grows by stolons, these are long root like stems that creep over the soil surface throwing up leaves along the way (see picture). White Clovers are differentiated by their leaf size. The basic rule is, small leaf clovers are suitable for tight sheep grazing but would not survive in an all cutting regime. Larger leaf varieties would be very beneficial in a cutting mix but would be grazed out very quickly by sheep. It is vital therefore, that the correct clover or even better a blend of clover is incorporated in the correct mixture. TETRAPLOIDS Quicker establishment Better conservation yields Quicker re-growth Higher water soluble carbohydrates (sugar) levels Suits drier ground DIPLOIDS Better ground cover Much more persistent (especially under grazing) Better grazing yields Higher dry matter per kg of feed More tillers Suits wetter ground RED CLOVER With a yield five times that of White Clover and being one of the best forages for finishing lambs it is hardly surprising Red Clover usage is on the up. Its ability to improve soil structure and increase fertility out weigh the management issues historically associated with Red Clover. Red Clover tillers from a crown, it is damage to this crown that reduces the longevity of red clover typically lasting 3 years. Red Clover is high in protein but low in sugar it therefore needs special attention when making silage. It can affect fertility of ewes, due to oestrogen production, if grazed six weeks prior to tupping, as well as the potential for bloat problems. Clover illustrations supplied by British Seed Houses Please call the Seed Office to discuss what clover would suit your grassland management 32 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

18 WEED & PEST CONTROL WEED & PEST CONTROL IN NEWLY SOWN LEYS Sward Destruction It is good management practice to destroy the old sward with glyphosate prior to re-seeding. This operation allows the effective control of perennial grass and broad-leaved weeds such as Couch and Docks. To ensure adequate weed control is achieved it is important to apply the correct dose of glyphosate under appropriate conditions. Various formulations of glyphosate are, but in general terms the more advanced formulations such as Roundup Flex will give better control of perennial weed species. Pest Control Both Leatherjackets & Frit Fly can be very damaging when a newly sown ley follows a previous grass crop. Leatherjackets are the larvae of Crane Flies (Daddy Longlegs) They are soil inhabiting, up to 5cm in length with thick grey-brown skin and feed on the roots and stems of grass plants at or below ground level. Leatherjacket damage to new leys can be devastating, re-seeds may be completely destroyed. Frit Fly larvae are creamy-white in colour and about 5mm in length Following egg hatch the larvae tunnel into the centre of grass plants causing dead-hearts and tiller death. Control of both these pests can be effectively achieved using Dursban WG and treatment should be seriously considered in high risk situations. Dursban WG is residual and may under certain circumstances be tank mixed with the glyphosate used for sward destruction. Remember to follow the guidelines laid down in the No-Drift stewardship campaign. Weed Control Weed control in a newly sown ley is usually necessary to ensure good establishment and to avoid a gappy sward. Control of seedling docks is very effective before they have become established; taking them out at this early stage can greatly reduce later dock problems There are a range of herbicides for the treatment of newly sown leys, choice of product is governed by the presence or absence of clover and by the weed spectrum to be controlled. Cost effective weed control may be achieved using broad spectrum herbicides. If clover is omitted from the seed mixture it can then be established at a later date, once weed control is complete. Advice and recommendations for pest and weed control are from the Wynnstay Agronomists or from Dr Simon Pope, Crop Protection Manager Tel DOW ADVERT HERE 34 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed More grass from what you ve got. WATER VOLUME GRAZING INTERVAL SOLUTION DOSE RATE PROBLEM SPRAY TIMING IN ABSENCE OF RAGWORT Docks 7 days L\ha 2.0 L/ha or L/ha Docks and Chickweed TOO EARLY JUST RIGHT TOO LATE 2.0 L/ha 7 days L\ha Docks, Thistles, Nettles, Buttercups, Dandelions and Ragwort Thistles Thistles 1.0 L/ha 7 days L\ha TOO EARLY JUST RIGHT TOO LATE BEST PRACTICE 7 days L\ha 4.0 L/ha or L/ha Docks,Thistles and Nettles Select the product that gives lasting control of weeds across the weed spectrum 14 days L\ha 1.0 Kg/ha Leatherjackets and Frit Fly 7 days 10 Litres 60 mls KNAPSACK Docks, Thistles, Nettles, Brambles, Gorse and Broom The rate of water and rate of product are key to good coverage and efficiency Density and number of weeds determines whether to use knapsack or overall spray application Size of weeds determines spray timing Consider intended grass, silage and manure use, grazing and harvest intervals and presence of ragwort Use plant protection product safely. Always read the label and product information before use. For further information including warning phrases and symbols refer to label. Dow AgroSciences Limited, Latchmore Court, Brand Street, Hitchin, Hertfordshire SG5 1NH. Tel: +44 (0) TM Trademark of the Dow Chemical Company ( Dow )or an affiliated company of Dow. DoxstarPro contains triclopyr and fluroxypyr. Dursban WG contains chlorpyrifos. Forefront T contains aminopyralid and triclopyr. GrazonPro contains triclopyr and clopyralid. Pastor contains triclopyr, fluroxypyr and clopyralid. Thistlex contains triclopyr and clopyralid. Technical Hotline: UKHotline@dow.com Think environment: consider water courses, weather, weed health and presence of desirable plants i.e. clover Solutions for the Growing World

19 AMENITY SEED AMENITY SEED HARDWEARING LAWN SEED Wynnstay s Hardwearing Lawn Seed is designed to be resilient and tough enough for all of your family activities. Whether its a family game of football or an area for the pets to run around, this hardwearing mix will cope due to the inclusion rate of 50% Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass. The Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass has been bred to produce fine leaves but is tolerant enough to handle a lot of traffic whilst retaining a fantastic appearance kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.25 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 0.20 kg Chewings Fescue 0.05 kg Browntop Bent TRADITIONAL BOWLING GREEN MIX This Traditional Bowling Green Mix will provide a superb fine surface for either a bowling or putting green. Its establishment will be rapid and it will keep a superb colour throughout the year. A bowling green area is usually 38m x 38m and 50kg will cover the whole area if sowing at 35 grams per square metre kg Browntop Bent 0.40 kg Chewings Fescue 0.40 kg Slender Creeping Red Fescue 1.00 kg Other sports amenity mixes upon request LOW MAINTENANCE MIX This mix is designed to be a low maintenance mixture where fast establishment is vital. It will suit many landscaping projects and will create a tough and durable surface. If cut often then it will smarten up the appearance which makes this an attractive mix in all landscaping areas. AMENITY SEED 1.00 kg Sow at 35 grams per square metre FINE LAWN SEED Wynnstay s Fine Lawn Seed is a blend of fine leaved quality grasses which will produce a low maintenance, dense turf. If you want to show your ornamental garden off with a high quality bowling green look and good all year round colour then our fine lawn seed is ideal for you kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.25 kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.35 kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.15 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 1.00 kg Sow at 35 grams per square metre 0.50 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 0.25 kg Chewings Fescue 0.20 kg Slender Creeping Red Fescue 0.05 kg Browntop Bent 1.00 kg Sow at 35 grams per square metre OFFICIAL DEPARTMENT FOR TRANSPORT ROADSIDE MIX (DFT) This mix meets the standards and specifications set by Department of Transport. The mix is used for road verges and will tolerate poorer quality and light soil types. The grasses will establish and knit together quickly which will stabilise loose soils on banks. These grasses are tolerant to road spray and exhaust fumes and will need to be cut twice a year or as necessary. TRADITIONAL PITCH MIX This high quality pitch mix will create a hardwearing top quality playing surface. It will be fast in establishment and will have excellent regenerative attributes. Rugby = approximately 100 x 69 metres plus 22m beyond both posts Football = Did you know that not all pitches are the same size? The length of a pitch is approximately between 90m and 120m and the width not less than 45m and not more than 90m kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.35 kg Dwarf Perennial Ryegrass 0.25 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 1.00 kg Sow at 35 grams per square metre 0.25 kg Dwarf Perennial Ryerass 0.20 kg Strong Creeping Red Fescue 0.30 kg Hard Fescue 0.10 kg Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass 0.10 kg Browntop Bent 0.05 kg White Clover 1.00 kg Sowing rate grams per square metre Many other amenity mixtures are on request e.g. shaded areas, cricket pitches etc. Please phone the Seed Office on to discuss your requirements 36 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

20 WILDFLOWER MIXES ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES WILDFLOWERS Wynnstay Country Meadow (General Purpose) Wynnstay Country Meadow plus Annuals Wynnstay Cornfield Annuals 20% Wild Flowers 10% Wild Flowers 20% Wild Flowers 5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 8% Black Knapweed 5% Black Medick 5% Common Vetch 7% Meadow Buttercup 4% Musk Mallow 12% Ox-Eye Daisy 12% Ribwort Plantain 8% Red Campion 13% Self Heal 15% White Campion 6% Yarrow 100% 3% Birdsfoot Trefoil 8% Black Knapweed 4% Black Medick 5% Common Vetch 7% Corn Cockle 7% Corn Marigold 3% Corn Poppy 5% Meadow Buttercup 4% Musk Mallow 12% Ox Eye Daisy 10% Ribwort Plantain 5% Red Campion 13% Self Heal 10% White Campion 4% Yarrow 100% 30% Corn Cockle 20% Corn Flower 15% Corn Marigold 5% Corn Poppy 10% White Campion 20% Corn Chamomile 100% 80% Grasses 90% Grasses 80% Grasses 25% Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass 28.5% Meadow Fescue 21% Crested Dogstail 18.5% Red Fescue 7% Browntop Bentgrass 100% kg Sowing rate 5g/m 2 Colours within the mix: Yellow, Purple, Pink, White, Brown, Red. Our most popular mix Attractive Bright Colours A wide range of UK Native wild flowers Tolerant of low fertility soils Wide period of flowering plants 25% Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass 28.5% Meadow Fescue 21% Crested Dogstail 18.5% Red Fescue 7 % Browntop Bentgrass 100% kg Sowing rate 5g/m 2 Colours within the mix: Yellow, Purple, Pink, White, Brown, Red. Contains a wide variation of wild flowers including Cornfield Annuals Can tolerate grazing Superb variation of colour Wide period of flowering plants 8% Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass 8% Browntop Bent 40% Sheeps Fescue 24% Crested Dogs Tail 20% Red Fescue 100% kg Sowing rate 5g/m 2 Colours within the mix: Yellow, Purple, Pink, White, Brown, Red An ideal mix for fast growth and visual impact Flowers traditionally appeared in corn fields Attractive flowers especially in the summer months Only flowers in the year of sowing unless seeds are allowed to shed The potential benefits from drilling buffer strips are creating new habitat for small mammals, invertebrates and birds: protecting habitats from sprays, fertilisers and cultivation. EE1/ EE2/ EE3 2m / 4m / 6m Buffer Strips on Cultivated Land EE7/ EE8 Buffering In Field Ponds Establish a grassy strip during the first 12 months of your agreement. Control of annual weeds and to encourage grass to tiller may require frequent cutting. No fertiliser or manures are to be applied. Herbicides can be applied only to spot treat or weed wipe injurious weeds. (Other Conditions Apply) EF2 Wild Bird Seed Mixture This mixture is designed to feed seed eating birds in arable landscapes, where there is little remaining food source. The aim of this mix is to provide a year round supply of food. Sow annually or every other year and drill in strips or blocks of a maximum of 0.5ha and no more than one block per 20ha. Spot treat or weed wipe injurious weeds. A non-residual product may be used prior to spring re-sowing to facilitate reestablishment. For establishment, the use of seed treatments to control pests and diseases are permitted. Only apply fertiliser or manure if necessary for establishment kg Spring Triticale or Spring Barley 1.25 kg Kale 1.00 kg Quinoa 2.50 kg White Millet 2.75 kg Linseed 25 kg Seed rate = 35-50kg/ha. Packed in 25kg bags 10% Browntop Bent 10 % Cocksfoot 20 % Meadow Fescue 10 % Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass 20 % Timothy 30 % Creeping Red Fescue 100% Seed rate = 20 kg/ha. Packed in 1/2 ha packs EF4 Nectar Flower Mixture Sowing an area of flowering plants into the farmed landscape will boost the availability of essential food sources for a range of nectar-feeding insects, including butterflies and bees. Sow in strips or a block, not more than 0.5 ha per 20ha between mid March to mid April or July to August. Reestablish as necessary to maintain a sustained pollen nectar supply. To stimulate late flowering, cut half the area to 20cm in June and the whole area to 10cm between mid September and the end of October, ideally removing the cuttings. (Other conditions apply) 40 % Altraswede Red Clover 40 % Alsike Red Clover 10 % Sainfoin 10 % Birdsfoot Trefoil 100% Seed rate = 20 kg/ha. Packed in 1/2 ha packs ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES Other ELS and HLS mixtures are on request 38 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

21 GAME COVER ROOT CROP GUIDE GAME COVER Wynnstay has a range of Game Cover crops suitable for all situations. Please phone our seed office for your free copy of our Game Cover Brochure on The booklet is full of tips and practical hints on establishing the right crop successfully. We have our own mixing facilities at Astley and can therefore mix any of the following: CROPS AVAILABLE FOR FEED AND COVER Quinoa Millet Buckwheat Quinoa/Kale Blend DRILL MAY 8-10 weeks TYFON Drill: 2.00kg/acre SUMMER July - September Watch Flea Beetle UTILISATION PERIOD DRILL MAY weeks FORAGE RAPE/ STUBBLE TURNIP MIX Drill: 2.00kg/acre AUTUMN September - November Watch Flea Beetle WINTER November - February ROOT CROP GUIDE Game Maize Gamecover Mix Sunflower Sorghum Texcel Greens DRILL MAY - AUGUST weeks FORAGE RAPE/ STUBBLE TURNIP MIX Drill: 2.00kg/acre Watch Flea Beetle CROPS AVAILABLE PRIMARILY FOR COVER Kale Mustard Sorghum (giant and dwarf) Canary Grass Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover Rape CONTACTS Shrewsbury Seed Office: Game Cover Adam Simper: / Oswestry Gunroom: Newtown Gunroom: Pheasant Feed: Sean Jones: DRILL MARCH - MAY Approx. 35t/acre fresh weight Harvested and feed FODDER BEET Some winter hardiness Pelleted one-acre boxes DRILL APRIL - JUNE Approx. 30t/acre fresh weight Feed in situ SWEDES Broadcast: 1-2kg/acre Natural Drill: 1kg/acre Natural Precision Drilled: 250g/acre Graded Watch Flea Beetle DRILL APRIL - JUNE Approx. 25t/acre fresh weight Feed in situ KALE Winter Hardy Broadcast: 2kg/acre Natural Drill: 1.5kg/acre Natural Precision Drilled: 750g/acre Graded Watch Flea Beetle DRILL JULY - AUGUST Approx. 14t/acre fresh weight Feed in situ STUBBLE TURNIP Broadcast: 2kg/acre Natural Some winter hardiness Drill: 1.5Kg/acre Watch Flea Beetle GAME COVER Please phone our seed office for your free copy of our Game Cover Brochure on Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

22 FODDER BEET Fodder beet is a high yielding energy crop, which can be lifted or grazed in situ. The roots have an excellent feed quality and they are very palatable to ruminant stock. FODDER BEET Sowing & growing Sowing Period = Late March to end April Precision Drill only = 100,000 seeds/ha 50,000 seeds /acre Yield & Feed Data (roots only) Yield & Feed Data (tops can add 3-4t DM/h) Average D M Yield = tonnes/ha Average Fresh Yields = tonnes/ha Dry Matter = 12-19% Crude protein = 12-13% Digestibility value = 78D Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM Utilisation October to March Varieties with higher % roots in the ground also have higher dirt tares. The higher the dry matter, the deeper the beet sits in the ground and the more frost resistant. Livestock intake The tops can be utilised if required to boost the total fodder output ever further. The roots tend to be lifted and stored however some farmers have strip grazed certain varieties with dairy cows successfully. Fodder Beet Varieties Available: Variety Skin Colour DM Content % DM Yield % % of Root in Ground Blizzard White Magnum White/Yellow Robbos Yellow Jauna Yellow Kyros Yellow Alpes Yellow Blaze Bright Red Feldherr Yellow All seed is treated and packed in 50,000 seed packs (1 acre packs) Energy Beet Available: Variety Skin Colour DM Content % DM Yield % % of Root in Ground Beretta White More varieties upon request Fertiliser Guidelines Top tip: Fodder Beet can thrive on a wide range of soil types but a light to medium free draining field is best FODDER BEET SNS Index K U K U K U K U K U K U K U Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) Potash (K 2 O) (2-) 80 (2+) 88 (2-) 64 (2+) K = Kg/Ha U = Units/Acre Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 42 Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

23 SWEDES SWEDES Top tip: For a uniform crop avoid soil compaction and ensure a ph of 6.5 Swedes provide a high energy autumn and winter feed. Swedes are the only true winter hardy feed. This means that they are suitable for the coldest sites in the UK. They can either be grazed in situ or lifted and stored for feeding to cows and sheep later on. Sufficient rainfall is required together with good soil conditions in order to provide strong root development. Therefore, either cultivation in high rainfall areas or the use of irrigation is essential. SOWING AND GROWING Sowing period = April - June Precision Drill = (150g-350g/acre) 350g-850g/ha Grade H Drill = (1kg/acre) 2.5kg/ha Natural seed Broadcast = (1-2kg/acre) 2.5kg-5kg/ha Natural seed YIELD & FEED DATA Average D M Yield = 7-10 t/ha Average fresh yields = t/ha Dry Matter = 9-13% Crude protein = 10-11% Digestibility value = 82D Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM UTILISATION September - April, depending on variety and drilling date Use the lower dry matter varieties first as they are less winter hardy Use the higher dry matter later in the season as they are more winter hardy LIVESTOCK INTAKE Select a variety that suits the required utilisation period. Most Swedes are grazed in situ; however, it is advisable to use an electric fence to help reduce waste. You must introduce feeding to any Brassica slowly over two weeks. It is best to have a grass or stubble run back. SISKIN A high yielding swede with excellent D value that is ideal for grazing sheep and cattle. It has outstanding winter hardiness and strong club root resistance. INVITATION A high yielding and high dry matter variety with uniform purple skinned roots. It has both club root and powdery mildew resistance and due to its winter hardiness it is ideal for post Christmas utilisation and can be used to help extend grazing periods. It also has a large leaf for extra grazing potential. LOMOND This new variety which was bred in Scotland has good winter hardiness, which can be used before or after Christmas. It is 11% DM yield higher than Ruta Otofte according to Advanta trials. All reports have been good with all round uniform bulbs with high fresh and dry matter yields. It has both club root and powdery mildew resistance. MARIAN Marian is a purple top variety. It has a good uniform shape and some resistance to clubroot and mildew. A second early variety for use in October through to January. Marian can also be used as a culinary swede. GOWRIE Gowrie is a purple skinned variety with uniform roots that can be utilised pre or post Christmas. It can produce high dry matter and fresh yields and exhibits good resistance to both club root and powdery mildew. Other varieties upon request SNS Index Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) Potash (K 2 O) K = Kg/Ha K U K U K U K U K U K U K U (2-) 125 (2+) U = Units/Acre Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 124 (2-) 100 (2+) SWEDES NOTE! All seed sown is at risk from Flea Beetle Attack. Please see the section on Flea Beetle (page 53) or talk to Adam at Astley or call your local Wynnstay Agronomist for advice Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

24 KALE KALE Top tip: A fine, firm moist level seed bed is required. Early sown crops which establish well are more likely to give the best yield and cover. Kale provides a high yielding fodder crop which is high in crude protein and can be fed to all types of livestock. Kale s utilisation period can stretch from late August through to early March (depending on the type of winter). Kale is also an ideal full season game cover crop. SOWING AND GROWING Sowing Period = April - early July Precision Drill = (750g /acre) 2kg/ha Grade J Drill = (1-1.5 kg/acre) kg/ha Natural seed Broadcast = (2kg/acre) 5 kg/ha Natural seed YIELD & FEED DATA Average D M Yield = 8-10 tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry Matter = 14-16% Crude protein = 16-17% fresh, ensiled Digestibility value = 68D Metabolisable energy = MJ/kg DM UTILISATION August through to the following March, depending on the variety and sowing date Maris Kestrel, a shorter leafy type used for fattening lambs Caledonian is a taller Marrow stem type ideal for cattle LIVESTOCK INTAKE Two main ways of feeding kale to livestock. 1. Strip graze behind an electric fence which should be moved daily, but keep a close eye on the levels of wastage which will help determine when you move the fence. A grass runback area is recommended. 2. Zero grazing cutting the crop with a forage harvester will help secure the maximum use of green feed with little waste. The kale can then be fed from a forage box or behind a barrier. Great care must be taken to avoid soil contamination. Only 30 to 35% of Dry Matter intake for dairy cows per day is to come from kale. Kale is low in Phosphorous, Manganese and Iodine but high in Calcium, so mineral supplements should be used. Excess intakes of kale can lead to anaemia in dairy cows CALEDONIAN Caledonian is a taller Marrow Stem type ideal for cattle, and is also a Club Root resistant variety, which now enables growers to continually grow Kale on Club Root infected sites. Caledonian s huge yields, good lodging resistance and winter hardiness makes it ideal for utilisation by dairy and beef cattle. MARIS KESTREL A short leafy type ideal for fattening lambs, highly digestible with good protein and D value. An ideal choice for out wintering with good winter hardiness and high leaf to stem ratio. KEEPER Keeper is a winter hardy variety and has good lodging resistance. It is a medium short type and ideal for fattening lambs and providing quality winter feed. Keeper has a high dry matter content, hence its good winter hardiness. THOUSAND HEAD A reliable variety, with proven records and competitively priced. Thousand head is a medium height variety with good lodging resistance and good winter hardiness. Traditionally a game cover variety. It is also suitable for grazing after the shooting season. Other varieties upon request Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index Nitrogen (N) K U K U K U K U K U K U K U KALE Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) NOTE! All seed sown is at risk from Flea Beetle Attack. Please see the section on Flea Beetle (page 53) or talk to Adam at Astley or call your local Wynnstay Agronomist for advice. Potash (K 2 O) (2-) 170 (2+) 160 (2-) 136 (2+) K = Kg/Ha U = Units/Acre Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

25 STUBBLE TURNIPS STUBBLE TURNIPS Firstly select which type of Stubble Turnip you are going to grow. Leafy types produce similar dry matter yields but in the form of leaf not bulbs. They are also quicker growing and need utilising earlier. They are best suited to spring drilling and summer grazing. After eight weeks Tyfon is ready to graze, after twelve weeks Alternaria and particularly Powdery Mildew will attack the crop and yields will be depressed. The bulbing turnip is more flexible in that it will keep for longer in the field although still attracting Alternaria the dry matter is in the root and not the leaf. Bulbing types can be sown in April/May for summer grazing or in July/August for winter grazing. Summer sown crops are traditionally fed throughout the winter although it should be noted that stubble turnips are not a winter hardy crop and a severe winter will start the turnip to rot. SOWING AND GROWING Sowing Period (1) April June (if sowing earlier there is a risk of Bolting) (2) July early Sept (any later and they will not amount to much) Drill (1.5kg/acre) 4 kg/ha Natural seed Broadcast (2kg/acre) 5kg/ha Natural seed YIELD & FEED DATA Average D M Yield = tonnes/ha Average fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry Matter = 8-9 % Crude protein = 17-18% Digestibility value = % Metabolisable energy = 11 MJ/kg DM LIVESTOCK INTAKE Stubble Turnips are very palatable and easy for cows and sheep to digest, however, both should be introduced to the crop gradually and should have access to either grass, silage, hay or straw, especially when feeding to dairy cows. A dairy cow will eat approx 22kg of fresh weight in a 2-3 hour grazing period. A ewe will eat about 12kg fresh weight per day. Therefore an average crop of 15 tonnes per acre will provide one days grazing for 500 cows or 1000 ewes. (Allowing for some wastage). Watch out for stubble turnips tainting milk, feed directly after milking and remove two three hours before milking. VOLLENDA Vollenda has a large bulb, with good palatability and root anchorage. It is a variety that has a high resistance to bolting and has good resistance to Clubroot and Alternaria. Its early vigour makes it an ideal variety to sow in May for August utilisation and August/early September for November/ January utilisation. It has good winter hardiness which will keep it palatable, however stubble turnips are not frost resistant so ideally they should be utilised before Christmas. It has produced the biggest bulk and will graze for the longest according to Wynnstay in house trials. DELILAH Delilah is a white skinned variety which produces large tankard shape bulbs. Delilah is a high yielding variety that is ideal for fattening lambs. It has a high digestibility and good resistance to mildew. SAMSON Samson is a Tetraploid variety that produces a huge purple tankard shape bulb. It is a highly digestible variety and is ideal for fattening lambs or flushing ewes and will provide excellent quality forage. Its large tankard roots will grow out Top tip: of the ground which will ease grazing. Yields are very similar Drill in early to Vollenda. TYFON (treated with Thiram and Sepiret) August to ensure Tyfon is generally sown in the spring and can be utilised in High yields the summer months by dairy / beef cattle and sheep when grass growth is declining. Tyfon s rapid growth habit means that it can be utilised in only 60 days and once grazed there is potential for re-growth. Tyfon has a very small bulb with a massive leaf which will produce a much needed palatable summer feed. Once the plant is 12 weeks old it is very susceptible to Mildew and Alternaria. Tyfon is susceptible to bolting so do not sow too early. Other varieties upon request. Fertiliser Guidelines SNS Index K U K U K U K U K U K U K U 48 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) Potash (K 2 O) (2-) 20 (2+) K = Kg/Ha U = Units/Acre Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 40 (2-) 16 (2+) NOTE! All seed sown is at risk from Flea Beetle Attack. Please see the section on Flea Beetle (page 53) or talk to Adam at Astley or call your local Wynnstay Agronomist for advice. STUBBLE TURNIPS

26 FORAGE RAPE FORAGE RAPE With its relatively low seed rate and inputs, Forage Rape is a popular choice with many livestock farmers. The crop has a wide sowing window and will provide excellent autumn/winter keep for finishing lambs. The four main uses are: 1. A quick growing forage crop for sheep or cattle for utilisation in the summer from spring drilling. 2. Providing winter feed from summer drilling. 3. Acting as a cover crop for young grass seedlings. 4. Varieties with kale in the parentage are. They are more winter hardy and they can be lightly grazed in the early autumn then shut up and fed in the winter. SOWING AND GROWING Sowing period = May - end August Drill = (2kg/acre) 5kg/ha Broadcast = (2kg/acre) 5kg/ha YIELD & FEED DATA Average D M yield = 3.5 tonnes/ha Average Fresh yields = tonnes/ha Dry Matter = 12-14% Crude protein = 19-20% Digestibility Value = 65D Metabolisable energy = 10-11MJ/kg DM Top tip: Use a variety with good Powdery Mildew Resistance to help the crop stay palatable e.g. Interval INTERVAL (RAPE/KALE HYBRID) With Interval being a Rape/Kale cross it can make its utilisation period run into January meaning an extended grazing period. Interval has exceptional yield potential combined with good disease resistance. It s quick to establish and is perfect for fattening lambs or flushing ewes. In our in-house trials Interval was preferentially grazed over other varieties, which suggests it is more palatable. SWIFT (RAPE/KALE HYBRID) A Rape/Kale cross which gives it extra vigour and winter hardiness. It is ideal for sowing late and suitable for multi grazing. It can be used for game cover but can be prone to bolt if sown too early (before May). If sown early summer, Swift can re-grow after one grazing. HOBSON Hobson is an ideal variety for finishing lambs. Hobson has excellent resistance to powdery mildew, a disease which can make some crops unpalatable leading to a high wastage factor. Hobson is very palatable and digestible. Best utilised early September to December. Fertiliser Guidelines Other varieties upon request SNS Index FORAGE RAPE UTILISATION Weeks after sowing. Good for finishing Lambs. If left too long it can become bitter and unpalatable. Very aggressive growth rates, quick to establish. LIVESTOCK INTAKE You must introduce feeding to any brassica slowly over two weeks. It is best to have a grass or stubble run back. Start feeding two weeks before the crop is fully mature so livestock are accustomed to Forage Rape when the crop is at full potential. Increase palatability by mixing Stubble Turnips and Forage Rape together. The two mixed together will increase yields and protein content rather than having straight Stubble Turnips on their own. Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) Potash (K 2 O) K U K U K U K U K U K U K U (2-) 20 (2+) K = Kg/Ha U = Units/Acre Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209) 40 (2-) 16 (2+) Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

27 MAINCROP TURNIPS FORAGE CROP TECHNICAL UPDATE MAINCROP TURNIPS CATCH CROPS MIXTURES Most Maincrop turnips are grazed in situ. However, it is important to remember to select a variety to cover the period you wish to graze. Stock should ideally have access to grass and or hay during feeding. White fleshed varieties can be ready to utilise within weeks, whilst yellow fleshed varieties are ready to be utilised in around 20 weeks. The use of an electric fence is advisable to reduce wastage. Maincrop turnips yield around 6t DM per hectare. Sow from May July at a rate of 2 kg per acre (5 kg/hectare). GREEN GLOBE MAINCROP TURNIP White fleshed variety which is suitable for autumn utilisation MASSIF MAINCROP TURNIP Yellow fleshed variety which is suitable for winter utilisation CATCH CROP MIXTURES WYNNSTAY ENERGY BOOSTER - Early Drilling 1.30 kg Vollenda Stubble Turnip 0.50 kg Interval Forage Rape 0.20 kg Thousand Head/Keeper Kale 2 kg/acre This high yielding catch crop is fast to establish and extremely palatable. It will produce huge yields and the kale will help improve winter hardiness. WYNNSTAY PROTEIN BOOSTER - Intermediate Drilling 1.25 kg Interval Forage Rape 0.40 kg Vollenda Stubble Turnip 0.10 kg Thousand Head/Keeper Kale 0.25 kg Greenglobe Maincrop Turnips 2 kg/acre The Wynnstay Protein mix has a higher protein content than normal due to the high inclusion of Forage Rape and Kale. The inclusion of Kale and Main Crop turnips mean that this mix s winter hardiness is excellent and will extend the grazing period. WARNING : FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta spp.) CROPS AT RISK Kales, Swedes, Stubble Turnips, Forage Rapes, spring drilled Oilseed Rape and most cultivated brassicas. LIFE CYCLE The beetles emerge in spring and start feeding on suitable plants. On warm days they can fly considerable distances between newly sown crops. Eggs are laid on or in the soil near brassica plants in May and June. After hatching the larvae feed on the plant roots and after two or three weeks they change into adults and start feeding on the foliage. Development from egg to adult is 6 8 weeks. DAMAGE Adults attack the plants eating holes in the leaves and stems of the seedlings in April and May. Attacks can occur well into summer months, even after the first true leaves. Loss is usually greatest in a dry spell when brassica seedlings are slow growing. Two or three sowings may be destroyed unless preventive actions are taken. FLEA BEETLE WYNNSTAY FORAGE PROVIDER - Late Drilling 1.50 kg Interval Forage Rape 0.50 kg Vollenda Stubble Turnip 5.00 kg Gemini Italian Ryegrass 7 kg/acre The Italian Ryegrass will improve the thickness of the crop whilst helping to keep the animals clean, and also providing grazing through to the following spring. The inclusion of both Vollenda and Interval will make this mix more palatable and will give a good balance of protein and energy to the diet. CONTROL MEASURES Cruiser SB is the only treatment for flee beetle attack. The chemical is taken up within the plant and the flee beetle needs to pierce the leaf to take in the insecticide that then kills them. In situations of very high flea beetle populations all the beetles have to pierce the leaf to die. That many attacks on the leaf will kill the plant anyway. Seed treatments will buy you time to see if you have a problem that needs spraying. There are many proprietary sprays to control flea beetles in the field. Please call Adam or your local Wynnstay Arable Agronomist for advice Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed

28 CEREAL Following the acquisition of Woodheads Seeds in Selby in 2010, Wynnstay are now the third largest cereal seed producers in the UK. This scale of operation ensures that we are able to offer you very competitive terms on a full range of varieties and seed treatments. To speak to one of our dedicated seed specialists please phone GRAIN MARKETING Our in house Grain Marketing business, GrainLink provides farmers in the West Midlands with an independent professional marketing service. For more information visit or phone FERTILISER One of the largest distributors of GrowHow fertiliser as well as our own branded range TopCrop. FACTS registered personnel are on hand to offer specialist advice on specific fertiliser programmes to suit your needs. For more information please contact David Mitchell on or contact your local store or representative. MAIZE ARABLE SERVICES Wynnstay specialists have a wealth of local experience and can offer advice on all aspects of maize production including: cultivation & drilling, agronomy & crop-nutrition and variety selection. For more information contact Dr Simon Pope, Crop Protection Manager Tel: Wynnstay Arable or contact your local store or representative. For store locations visit or see the back cover. CROP PROTECTION Our BASIS registered agronomists specialise in on farm advice and supply products from all major agrochemical manufacturers. For more information contact Dr Simon Pope, Crop Protection Manager Tel: Wynnstay Arable or contact your local store or representative. For store locations visit or see the back cover. WHOLECROP MIXTURES THE LANSDOWNE MIX This mixture is popular with those looking to improve the protein content but without the high reliance of peas in the Millennium Mix. The dry matter will also be higher allowing direct cutting to be an option if required. Please be aware that the mixtures are done by weight rather than seed number. Even in a 50:50 blend you should expect to have approximately 5 times as many barley plants as pea plants due to the difference in size of the grains. 50 % Protein Pea (Thiraflo treated) Suggested seed rate 85 kg per acre (50-60kg if undersown) 50 % Kelim Spring Barley (Single purpose treated) THE OLYMPICO MIX (NEW FOR 2014) This new mixture offers a compromise between the Lansdowne and Millienium mixes. It should give a significant boost to the protein content of the forage whilst still achieving a satisfactory dry matter. 65 % Protein Pea (Thiraflo treated) Suggested seed rate 90 kg per acre (60kg if undersown) 35 % Kelim Spring Barley (Single purpose treated) THE MILLENNIUM MIX This mixture is ideal for those who are looking to maximise the protein content of the forage. With a high pea content the crop is likely to need a 24 hour wilt to achieve a reasonable dry matter. This blend will give approximately equal quantities of peas and barley in the field. 80 % Protein Pea (Thiraflo treated) Suggested seed rate 95 kg per acre (60kg if undersown) 20 % Kelim Spring Barley (Single purpose treated) THE TWICKENHAM MIX This mixture produces huge yields with minimal growing costs. Dieta white lupin is a tall and bulky plant unlike the blue and yellow lupins which would not compete so well with the tall triticale. The Dieta is however later to mature than other lupins. The crop should be harvested when the triticale grain is firm and the lupins seeds are well formed to ensure a satisfactory dry matter is achieved. The lupin seed is pre inoculated. An alternative is using Yellow Lupins which makes the mixture earlier but lower yielding. Suggested seed rate 75 kg per acre (50 kg if undersown) 49 % Spring Triticale 51 % White Lupin THE MURRAYFIELD MIX (Mega Crop Mix) This type of mixture has been used for many years within Wynnstay. It is popular with those looking for a traditional wholecrop. Suggested seed rate 75 kg per acre (50 kg if undersown) 20 % Protein Pea (Thiraflo treated) 10 % English Vetch 35 % Sp. Barley (Single purpose treated) 35 % Oat seed (Single purpose treated) Fresh Yield DM Yield Dry Matter Cr. Protein Starch WHOLECROP MIXTURES t/acre t/acre % % % Sp. Barley Sp Wheat Sp. Triticale Peas Beans Lupins Lansdowne Mix Olympico Mix Millenium Mix Twickenham Mix Murrayfield Mix This table is a guide as to what yield and quality can be expected from the different spring wholecrop options. Soil type and time of sowing will affect the potential yield. Harvest stage will have a major impact on the quality achieved 54 Tel: Wynnstay Group Plc Grass & Root Seed