Plight of SC Farmers. Standard Indicator 8-5.6
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1 Plight of SC Farmers Standard Indicator 8-5.6
2 DESCRIPTION OF POSTWAR AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH CAROLINA: Depressed with falling prices Small farms replaced plantations Sharecroppers & tenant farmers replaced slave labor Cotton was main cash crop picked by hand
3 DESCRIPTION OF POSTWAR AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH CAROLINA: Fertilizers increased the crop yield Competition with foreign suppliers led to supply exceeding demand Conservatives passed crop lien law allowing creditors first claim on farmer s crop Crop lien system caused cycle of debt & poverty
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5 FARMING IN US OUTSIDE OF SOUTH AND ROOTS OF THE POPULIST MOVEMENT: Mechanization of farming raised increased the supply of farm products Fertilizers increased crop yield Drought Insect invasions
6 FARMING IN US OUTSIDE OF SOUTH AND ROOTS OF THE POPULIST MOVEMENT: Competition with foreign suppliers Worldwide supply exceeded demand Price for crops fell Farmers could not pay loans taken out to purchase land & equipment
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8 ECONOMIC ROOTS OF POPULISM IN SC: Debt Sharecropping & tenant farming Crop lien system Overproduction of cotton Competition with foreign countries Falling prices Bank foreclosures Forfeiture of land due to non-payment of taxes Crop failures due to drought, army worms & boll weevil
9 POLITICAL ROOTS OF POPULIST MOVEMENT IN SC, SOUTH, & MIDWEST: Worsening economic conditions Framers organized Grange (social organization to relieve isolation) Grange evolved into a political organization Regional Farmers Alliances formed: White Farmers Alliance & Colored Farmers Alliance in SC Alliances unite to form Populist Party
10 POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM SUPPORTED: Regulation of Railroads & Banking Free & unlimited coinage of silver A system of federal farm loans Popular election of Senators Secret Ballot voting Graduated Income Tax
11 POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM SUPPORTED: Tried to attract factory workers with 8 hour work day & restrictions on immigration Party successfully elected senators, governors, & state legislators in South & West In SC farmers worked within the Democratic Party
12 POPULIST PARTY GOALS:
13 TILLMAN S SUPPORT FOR THE FARMERS INCLUDED: Fight between Tillmanites and Democratic Conservatives for control of SC Establishment of Clemson Agricultural College to teach farmers better crop management & to develop new crops to improve their economic prosperity
14 TILLMAN S SUPPORT FOR THE FARMERS INCLUDED: Clemson built on land left by Thomas Clemson son-in law of JC Calhoun & money provide by the federal Morrill Act Opposed USC as elitist SC established South Carolina State College to comply with the separate-but-equal doctrine as did other southern states, SC State received little money
15 CHANGES IN CROP PRODUCTION IN SC DUE TO: Clemson & SC State Colleges encouraging crop diversification Natural disasters & entrepreneurship Charleston Earthquake of 1886: largest, most destructive, costliest, & most lethal east of the Mississippi River Charleston s response to catastrophe revolutionized and modernized practices in construction, disaster preparedness/response, & scientific study to this day
16 CHANGES IN CROP PRODUCTION IN SC DUE TO: Hurricane of 1893 & others struck Charleston, wiped out rice fields The destruction of the rice fields & competition from the Far East brought end to the production of Carolina Gold Lowcountry farmers turned to truck gardening of vegetables to local markets
17 CHANGES IN CROP PRODUCTION IN SC DUE TO: Tobacco was introduced as cash crop to the Pee Dee region Upstate farmers planted peach trees Cotton continued to dominate SC s agriculture into 20th c.
18 SCENES OF THE CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE OF 1886
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22 SCENES OF HURRICANES OF 189O S
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