Chapter 9: Economic Geography, Agriculture and Primary Activities

Transcription

1 Chapter 9: Economic Geography, Agriculture and Primary Activities

2 Oil tanker indicating increasing economic interdependence

3 Categories of Activities

4 Primary Activities: related to harvesting or extracting something from the earth

5 Primary Activities Hunting and gathering Subsistence agriculture Nomadic herding Extractive industries (forestry, mining)

6 Secondary Activities: add value to raw materials by changing their form

7 Secondary Activities Manufacturing Processing (freezing, canning) Construction

8 Primary and secondary activities. Wood harvesting and paper mill.

9 Tertiary Activities: provide goods and services to secondary activities such as banking, real estate and health care.

10 Tertiary Activities Retail and wholesale Personal and professional services

11 Planned Economy: Production and prices are controlled by the government

12 Planned Economies Found in Communist countries Goals include the adequate production of food and the equal distribution of wealth Profit by individuals is limited or eliminated

13 Vendors in China: Planned Economy with Free Market Elements

14 Collective Farm in Siberia

15 Collective Farms in the former Soviet Union

16 Collective Farms in North Korea

17 Gross national income compared to purchasing power

18 Informal economies involve about 40% of jobs in Latin America

19 Subsistence Economies Intensive: cultivation of small holdings Extensive: involves use of large areas of land

20 Subsistence Economies

21 Subsistence Agriculture Hunting and gathering Nomadic herding Shifting cultivation Intensive rice farming

22 Hunting

23 Gathering of roots, nuts, and berries

24 Nomadic Herding: Camels in Niger

25 Nomadic Herding: Sheep in Bolivia

26 Nomadic Herding: Cattle in Africa

27 Nomadic Herding: Reindeer in Lapland

28 Nomadic Herding: Yak in Central Asia

29 Shifting Cultivation: The Process Trees are girdled during dry season The forest is burned Ash is used as fertilizer Crops are planted for about five years Family moves to a new area

30 Slash and Burn or swidden agriculture in rainforest regions

31 Slash and Burn: Amazonia

32 Slash and Burn: Amazonia

33 Rice Farming: Southern Asia

34 Terracing Yunnan province, China

35 von Thünen s Model

36 von Thünen s Model Costs near cities are higher. Farm products tend to be of higher value. Costs distant from cities are lower. Farm products tend to be of lower value.

37 Commercial Agriculture: Farming for profit, usually highly mechanized Switchgrass harvested for energy production Sugar beet harvester

38 Modern Irrigation Systems

39 Agricultural Regions of North America

40 U.S. Farm Regions New England, Great Lakes: Dairy Florida, California coasts: Truck farming Midwest: Corn Belt Great Plains: Wheat

41 Intensive Commercial Agriculture Truck farming Livestock-grain farming

42 Truck Farming: Lettuce and carrots

43 Truck Farming: Strawberries

44 Truck Farming: Tomatoes

45 Truck Farming: Cabbage

46 Truck Farming: Apple orchard and blueberries

47 The Corn Belt: Midwestern U.S.

48 Iowa: Open Storage of Corn

49 The Corn Belt: centered in the Midwestern U.S.

50 Poultry and livestock farming

51 Dairy Farming: Northeast and Great Lakes

52 Chickens and hogs

53 Extensive Commercial Agriculture Wheat farming Livestock ranching

54 Range Livestock: Cattle India Ireland

55 Large-scale Grain: Wheat and oats

56 Wheat Production in the U.S. is concentrated in the Great Plains

57 Special Crops Mediterranean Agriculture: crops that prefer long growing season and can tolerate drought Plantation Agriculture: high value crops commonly grown in tropical wet climates for export

58 Special Crops/Livestock Ranching

59 Mediterranean Agriculture: Grapes

60 Mediterranean Agriculture: Olives

61 Mediterranean Agriculture: Figs and Dates

62 Mediterranean Agriculture: Citrus Fruits

63 Plantation Agriculture: Tea

64 Plantation Agriculture: Coffee

65 Plantation Agriculture: Bananas

66 Plantation Agriculture: Cacao

67 Plantation Agriculture: Rubber

68 Sugar being loaded for export in the Philippines

69 The Southeast: Cotton

70 Cotton Production in the U.S.

71 The Southeast: Tobacco

72 Tobacco Production in the U.S.

73 Peanuts in the U.S.