Development of Rice Cultivars for the Southern US. TRRF Report on 2004 Research. Funding: March 1, 2004 Feb. 28, 2005.

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1 Development of Rice Cultivars for the Southern US TRRF Report on 2004 Research Funding: March 1, 2004 Feb. 28, 2005 Amount: $46,906 Final Report Jan. 5, 2005 Anna McClung USDA-ARS Rodante Tabien Texas A&M University Beaumont, TX

2 Objective: Development of conventional and specialty rice varieties which meet the current and future needs of the Texas rice industry using traditional and marker assisted breeding approaches along with facilities located in Beaumont, Puerto Rico, and in the Western Area (administered by Jack Vawter). Results of Beaumont Breeding Trials The breeding program led by Dr. McClung started planting experimental plots on March 22 with yield trials that were going to be rationed and finished on June 15 with some materials that were just being increased. During this time we used 24 planting dates to 50 research blocks totaling 21 acres. Some 300 advanced breeding lines were tested in yield trials at Beaumont while a subset of these were also tested at Eagle Lake and Ganado in cooperation with Western Area operations. Over 24,000 breeding lines were evaluated in nurseries in Beaumont and Puerto Rico. An overview of the studies is listed below followed by a description of results for the experiments that were conducted Beaumont Acres Breeding Nursery 7.9 Yield Trials 6.9 Uniform Rice Regional Nursery State Preliminary Commercial Variety Observations Other Seed Purification 6.5 New Releases/Experimentals Sabine TX9092 TX1104 TX3163 TX1153 TX2029 TX2181 Specialty Cadet Jacinto Sierra Jasmine Neches Newrex Dixiebelle Carolina Gold Arborio Black Aromatic/IAC 600 Conventional Long Grains Jefferson Rosemont Total 21.3

3 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) As proposed in 2004, Dr. Tabien provided oversight and direction for implementing the URRN trial. The 200 rice breeding lines developed by TX, AR, LA, and MS were tested cooperatively in each state in this trial. Data from these experiments support all state breeding programs and serve to provide regional documentation necessary for release of new cultivars for the south. The 2004 URRN trial was excellent with average yields being high (8056 lb/ac main crop, 2453 lb/ac ratoon, and 60/72 milling quality). To demonstrate the potential of the material evaluated in this trial, the highest yielding cultivar was a medium grain from LSU (Entry 31) which averaged lb/ac main crop, the highest milling cultivars were two long grains from LSU (Entries 11 and 71) with 69% whole milling yield, and the highest ratoon crop yield was TX 9092 producing 4273 lb/ac. The Texas entries in the URRN trial were also evaluated in replicated trials at Eagle Lake and Ganado. Figure 1. shows the crop value of the top performing lines when averaged over these three locations. Crop value is determined using main crop yield, milling yield, a loan rate of $6.77, and an LDP of $0.50. The results indicate that Wells is the most profitable released commercial cultivar, being slightly more advantageous than Cybonnet, Cocodrie, Cheniere, and Banks in this year. However the experimental hybrid XP 723 was significantly ranked above these. The best performing Texas experimental lines in this trial were TX 2181, TX 1104, and TX9092 which were similar to Cocodrie in performance. TX 2181 is a long grain developed from Kaybonnet/Zhong You Zao 3 and has conventional long grain cooking quality, good resistance to blast, and improved resistance to sheath blight disease. TX 1104 has characteristics similar to TX 2181 but was developed from a cross of Texmont/ Teqing. TX 9092 (will be released as Presidio) was developed from a cross of Jefferson/ Maybelle and it is similar to Jefferson but has improved yield and milling quality. Figure 2. shows the ranking of these same lines when the crop value includes the ratoon crop yield. This chart ranks TX 9092, Cybonnet, and TX 1104 as the best performers when ratoon is included. In addition to agronomic results, ARS performs evaluations for reaction to blast and sheath blight disease, cooking quality assays, as well as evaluates these materials using molecular markers verify the presence of major genes which control blast resistance and cooking quality traits. This summarized information is distributed to the breeders throughout the south to help in their variety selection process. Statewide Preliminary Yield Trials - 40 Texas breeding lines, checks, private experimental lines and hybrids were tested in replicated trials at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. The private materials came from Busch Agricultural Resources and RiceTec, Inc. The average performance of all of the lines in this trial was 8108 lb/ac main crop, 2598 lb/ac ratoon, and 59/71 on milling quality. Figure 3 shows the ranking for Crop Value using main crop yields for the top performers. The hybrids XP 716, Clearfield XL8, XP 710, and XP 712 were ranked at the top because of their high yield. XP 716 was particularly interesting because of its high yield and high milling quality (64% vs. 58% for Cocodrie). Wells was the best performing check, having higher crop value than the two separate entries of Cocodrie. The four best performing Texas experimentals were entries 25, 9, 27, and 11, all of which came from unreleased URRN lines crossed with Cocodrie, Madison, or Jefferson. These were all similar in crop value as compared to the Cocodrie. Figure 4 shows that several of these Texas lines had higher ratoon crop yield

4 than the hybrids or check cultivars though. The best performing lines in this trial will be advanced to the Uniform Regional Trial (URRN) next year. Observation Yield Plots Over 100 lines were tested in unreplicated yield plots at Beaumont. These lines represent early generation (F5 F6) selections from the breeding nursery that have looked promising and now have enough seed to evaluate for yield, milling quality and resistance to diseases. Based upon agronomic results, 67% of the lines were evaluated for milling yield. The best yielding check in this trial was Wells (9723 lb/ac, 65/74 milling). Three of the Texas breeding lines were similar to Wells in yield potential. The top 25% of the lines in this trial will be advanced to replicated trials in Breeding Nurseries Some genetic lines were evaluated in the Beaumont nursery this year and approximately 4500 in each of the Puerto Rico nurseries. The following chart shows the percent distribution of types of breeding projects planted in each of the nurseries. Materials for genetic studies are initially used for basic research but promising materials in these studies can be spun off into cultivar development projects. Early, Mid-, and Advanced Generation materials indicate the level of selfing and selection the material has undergone. Advanced materials are evaluated in the replicated yield trials described above. Pure seed selections are made in the most promising materials that may eventually lead to headrow purification blocks. Percent distribution of effort in various types of breeding projects planted in nurseries. Breeding Nurseries 04 Spring 04 Summer 04 Fall 05 Spring Puerto Rico Beaumont Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Genetic Studies Early Generation Breeding Mid-Generation Breeding Advanced Breeding Seed Purification Seed Purification Purification seed blocks were grown by the varietal improvement program for providing seed to foundation seed programs. In 2004, 19 headrow blocks were planted. This included 7 experimental Texas lines, two previously released conventional long grains, and 10 specialty rices. All but Newrex of the latter category are being grown commercially on limited acreage. This year ARS registered Sabine rice (TX 1123) as a new release. This cultivar is very similar to Dixiebelle and has its same cooking quality, but has higher yield potential. It was developed for the parboiling and canning industries and is currently under-going plant-scale processing trials with industry partners. The following table shows the relative yield performance of Sabine versus Dixiebelle and other checks. Foundation seed was produced by TRIA in 2004 and will be available for 2005 planting.

5 In addition, Presidio (TX 9092) will be released as a new long grain cultivar. Presidio was developed from a cross of Jefferson/Maybelle. It is a long grain variety that is very early in maturity like Jefferson. It heads on average 2 days earlier than Cocodrie and is a semidwarf cultivar that averages 37 inches in height like Cocodrie. Its main crop yield has been similar to Jefferson but its ratoon crop potential has been superior to most other varieties. In the 2004 Uniform Rice Regional nursery conducted at Beaumont, it produced 8545 lb/ac main crop and 4273 lb/ac on ratoon, for a total of lb/ac (dry). This is in comparison to 9861 lb/ac (total, dry) for its parent Jefferson and lb/ac (total, dry) for Cocodrie. In addition to superior ratoon crop potential, Presidio also has superior milling quality averaging 62/70 which is the same as Cypress, as compared to 58/70 for Jefferson, and 59/69 for Cocodrie. Presidio inherited broad spectrum blast resistance (rating of 3) and moderate resistance to sheath blight disease (rating of 4) from Jefferson which would likely preclude the use of fungicides in most circumstances. In addition, PVP applications were submitted to USDA for the cultivars Hidalgo and Cala which were released last year. Technology Transfer Activities AR TX All Data Jefferson Cocodrie Dixiebelle Sabine Sabine Advantage Over DXBL (lb/ac) Sabine Advantage Over DXBL (%) 31% 8% 15% The following is a list of other research and outreach activities that were performed by Dr. McClung during 2004 to familiarize producers, researchers and representatives of the industry with the research objectives and progress in the breeding program. Presentation at extension winter meeting at Beaumont - Jan Invited presentation at the Annual Texas Seed Trade meeting on developing value added varieties. Dallas, Feb Participation in annual breeders meeting - March Prepared documentation on Sabine and Presidio Rice Texas Dept. Agric. Presentations to TRIA on the status of potential new releases from southern US rice breeding programs - July Reviewed research progress as part of the Scientific Advisory Board for the TIGR Rice Annotation Grant. May Oral and poster presentations at field days conducted in Beaumont and Eagle Lake June and July 2004 Drafted an article for publishing in the Beaumont Enterprise as part of the Ag Task Force whose focus is to increase public awareness of the benefits of agriculture in

6 southeast Texas : Gipson, Naomi, and Anna McClung Rice A Culinary Delight. The Beaumont Enterprise. June 10, Invited reviewer for USDA Integrated Organic Program grants. June 2004 Presented poster display at Winnie Rice Festival - Oct Meetings with rice researchers: Iraq, Colombia, Uruguay, Brazil, Campbell Soup, Riviana, RiceTec, etc. Provided update on variety performance in the Rice Production Guidelines for distribution to growers, Nov Summarized and distributed of 2003 Texas yield trial data (URRN) to cooperating state breeders Dec Made presentation on cultivar performance to county agents at annual extension meeting, Dec Hosted 20 some students from East Chambers High School and described rice production, plant breeding, and cereal quality assay techniques. Nov Invited presentation at the Texas Plant Protection Conference, College Station, TX. Dec Invited presentation at the annual meeting of the US and Japan Natural Resources Panel. Dec Served as co-author on presentations listed below that were made at the Feb 2004 Rice Technical Working Group Meeting in New Orleans. Development of Improved Methods for Sheath Blight Evaluation Shank, A.R., McClung, A.M. and Fjellstrom, R.G. Effect of Rice to Water Ratios on Cooked Rice Flavor and Texture Attributes. Bett-Garber, K.L., Champagne, E.T., Ingram, D.A., and McClung, A.M. Development of genetic markers for semi-dwarf plant height and photoperiod insensitivity for marker aided selection in US rice Fjellstrom, R., McClung, A.M., Gibbons, J., and Deren, C. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers at the rice Alk locus controlling alkali spreading value Fjellstrom, R., Chen, M.-H., Bergman, C.J., and McClung, A.M. Genetic Diversity Among West African Rice Varieties for Grain Quality Traits Using Chemical and DNA Marker Analyses Traore K., Fjellstrom, R.G., and McClung A.M. Progress in Developing DNA Markers for Milling Yield Kepiro, J.L., McClung, A.M., and Fjellstrom, R.G. The Application of New Markers for Predicting Blast Resistance and Cooking Quality in Rice McClung, A.M., Shank, A.R., Kanter, D., Jodari, F., Beighley, D., Chen, M., and Fjellstrom, R.G.

7 Are agronomic traits impacted by the presence of Pi- genes when blast disease is absent? McClung, A.M., Shank, A.R., Bormans, C., Park, W.D., and Fjellstrom, R.G.

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