Rice Research Focused on Production Challenges and Market Opportunities. An Overview of the USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center
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1 Rice Research Focused on Production Challenges and Market Opportunities An Overview of the USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center Anna McClung Center Director/Research Leader
2 USDA ARS Annual Budget =$1.1 B Total Employees ~7900 Number of Scientists ~ 1900 Number of Locations ~100
3 USA Rice Acreage DBNRRC
4 1.25 M ha produced 74% Long grain rice 50% of US rice is produced in Arkansas 50% of production is exported Primary rice imports to USA are for specialty markets jasmine, basmati rice
5 By 2025 Increase production of high quality food by 20% Decrease environmental inputs by 20% Requires integrated, multi-disciplinary research Results in change at the farm level Uses existing resources and no new funds
6 Competition for export markets Market demand for high quality rice Diminishing irrigation resources Resilience to climatic extremes Rice that receives a price premium superior or unique market quality
7 Scientific Staff at Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center Jinyoung Yang Barnaby Omics Shannon Pinson Gene Mapping Jeremy Edwards Bioinformatics Yulin Jia Host- Pathogen Interactions Georgia Eizenga Wild Crop Relatives Anna McClung Breeding Dave Gealy Weed Interactions Jai Rohila Abiotic Stress Ming-Hsuan Chen Grain Nutrition
8 Understand the genetic control of traits Develop improved breeding methods Develop improved cultivars and breeding stocks
9 APPROACH Rice Trait Characterization Gene Discovery Disease Resistant Marker Assisted Breeding Enhanced Nutrition And Processing Quality Resilient to Climate Change Weed Suppressive Improved Yield Improved Rice Cultivars OUTCOME
10 19,000 Varieties
11 USDA ARS Rice Collection is from 116 Countries. Europe Number of Rice Accessions North America South America Africa Asia Australia
12 Tissue Sampling Barcode to Track Samples DNA Analysis DNA Extraction
13 Genetic Fingerprints Show Relationship Global Rice Varieties Tropical japonica USA Indica Temperate japonica Asia Japan Aus
14 High yield with reduced irrigation use Superior grain quality in response to high temperature stress Improving health beneficial compounds in rice
15
16 Water Management Rice, contour levee, floodirrigated, Rice, straight-levee, floodirrigated Rice, zero-grade, floodirrigated, Megaliters H 2 O/Ac/Year Rice, zero-grade, AWD 3.2 Alternate Wetting and Drying
17 Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation can be managed to dramatically save on water and not reduce grain yield Carrijo et al Field Crops Research, 203:
18 Flood vs AWD Irrigation Best Performing Under Water Stress Flood vs AWD Study of Physiological Traits
19
20 Yield g/plant under 18% Soil Moisture Low Yield Good Yield Katy CBNT Mars KBNT Lemont Lagrue RoyJ CL151 JPTR Saber Zhe Rondo Francis Teqing Average
21 In southern US, temperatures have been increasing during the rice growing season with largest increase in nighttime (minimum) temperature
22 Sterility Pollen Shed Pollen Viability Kernel Length Kernel Width Kernel Thickness Opaque Milky Color White Belly
23 Rice Grain Chaff Left in Field After Harvest Due to Extreme Sterility in 2016 Yield Losses ~20%
24
25 % of Breeding Population Lemont = 13% Teqing = 10% Percent Grain Sterility
26 Breeding with Wild Species of Rice to Find New Genes for Yield and Quality
27 Wild Species Red Rice Donor Parent Jefferson US Rice Cultivar Progeny from Cross with 20% Higher Yield from Genes on Chromosome 2 From Wild Donor
28 starch granules in translucent grain Disorganized, loosely packed starch granules in chalky grain
29
30 Grain chalk quantified by VisNIR using lines derived from a mapping population segregating for chalk Collaboration with M. Kim, USDA ARS, Beltsville
31 Chromosome regions in blue decrease chalk, in red increase chalk Edwards, et al. Field Crops Research 205 (2017):
32 Develop Rice Varieties with Combinations of Health Beneficial Properties for New Market Opportunities Health Benefit Rice Compound Prebioactive potential/colon health Anti-inflammation Resistant starch Proanthocyanidins Anthocyanins Tocotrienols Lowering Cholesterol gamma-oryzanol
33 USDA World Collection of Rice Varieties is a Source High Vitamin E Cultivars Total tocopherols (μg/g bran) 3x Total tocotrienols (μg/g bran) 2.5x γ-oryzanol (μg/g) 2.1x World Varieties US Varieties World Varieties US Varieties World Varieties US Varieties
34 Red Bran Purple Bran Brown Bran Cocodrie IITA 119 (Nigeria) IAC 600 (Brazil) (USA) Tannins/Proanthocyanidins Anthocyanins Not Detected Stomach cancer Leukemia Cervical cancer Leukemia Cervical cancer
35 Support Staff at Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center
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