National Perspectives : Insights from Murcia (Spain)
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1 Dr. Francisco M. del Amor Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) Tuesday, 18 November 2014 Brussels
2 Where we live What we are doing What is our expertise What does it mean Climate Soil Agricultural Heritage Water resources Water & nutrient management Nutrient efficiency Sustainable crop production Adaptation & mitigation strategies- Managing resilience to climate change Singularity of Murcia Region- Economic viability and competitiveness to guarantee European food needs with higher agricultural efficiency
3 Where we live Climate Arid semi arid conditions <300 mm/year Extreme drought Evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) Precipitation 297 mm Average high T: 24.9 ºC Average low T: 12.3 ºC Sun hours: 2,968 More than 300 days of sun/year
4 Where we live Soil Very low organic matter content Reduces biodiversity Land degradation and erosion (extreme weather events) Salinisation Agricultural Heritage River Segura It has been the basis of a long horticultural tradition The Arabs (711 A.D 1492 A.D.) established the first orchards with hydraulic infrastructures Long tradition in agricultural water management (Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs) Huerta landscape, transforming low-production region into places suitable for the introduction and maintenance of sustainable cultivation
5 What we are doing Water resources Reuse of urban wastewater for agriculture: 98% Water transfer: Tajo- Segura river (286 km) Irrigated area<irrigation potential Desalinization capability
6 What we are doing Water & nutrient management Foster sustainable water use and management in the different sectors Improvement of the irrigation systems efficiency (hydraulic efficiency) Improvement of the crop water use efficiency (related to the in-field water application efficiency and to crop performances) 500,000 ha cropping area 187,000 ha potential irrigation area 152,000 ha irrigated area Drip irrigation modernization plan of traditional irrigations Irrigating only the root zone of the crop rather than the whole land surface, thus maintaining the water content of the root zone at near optimum levels
7 What we are doing Water & nutrient management Irrigation Advisory Program Crop Weather station Soil Plant density Fertilizers Irrigation water analysis We know Water demand Nutrient demand 45 weather stations (GPRS transmission) Eto: reference crop Evapotranspiration Leaf Analysis Interpretation
8 What we are doing Research & investment strategy Research Centers: Universities studies University of Murcia Technnical University of Cartagena Catholic University of Murcia
9 Research Centers: Universities - studies Water & Nutrient (N) efficiency What we are doing Research & investment strategy New cultivars- Shorter production cycle (increased /m3) In situ plant nutrient control Regulated deficit irrigation Partial Root Zone Drying N leaching control Product quality
10 Research Centers: Universities - studies Water & Nutrient (N) efficiency What we are doing Research & investment strategy Feedstock used: Slaughterhouse waste and animal Carcasses; Pig manure and sewage sludge; Pruning and garden debris Recycling all organic materials and recovering their energy in the form of biogas and biofuels Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
11 What is our expertise Sustainable crop production Water & Nutrient (N) efficiency Water: high cost Organic manures: Not for free Agricultura limpia program: NO pesticides used (biological control) Food security and safety: Product traceability- Water / Carbon/ Nitrogen footprints. Reduced or zero tillage and better management of crop residues and planting systems which enhance water and nutrient conservation Adaptation & mitigation strategies- Managing resilience to climate change Water & Nutrient efficiencies strategies High added-value agriculture Management low quality waters
12 What does it mean? Murcia has singular soil and weather conditions # Central and Northern Europe Our agriculture is only possible under the premises of maximum efficacy for each drop of water i) No intercropping ii) We have to pay for manures iii) Mineral N leaching is controlled by specific crop water/nutrient demand (optimization programs, weather stations and drip irrigation) iv) N-mineralization processes from organic manures-but water/irrigation is restricted v) N concentration in plant tissue monitored
13 Thank you
14
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