Bioenergy in Mediterranean Region: Environment and sustainability

Transcription

1 Bioenergy in Mediterranean Region: Environment and sustainability G. Venturi, A. Monti, G. Bezzi, S. Fazio DiSTA (Dept. of Agroenvironmental Science and Technologies) University of Bologna (Italy)

2 Temperature Mediterranean Europe Climate Change in frequency of summer days in Europe, in the period (days with temperatures above 25 C) Positive values indicate increase and negative values indicate decrease of annual summer days per decade. The circle size depicts the magnitude of change in summer days per decade. Source:

3 Temperature Increase European annual, winter and summer temperature deviations Mediterranean Europe Climate in C, expressed as 10 year mean compared with the period average Source:

4 Temperature Projection Mediterranean Europe Climate Increase of temperature ( C) Source:

5 Precipitation Average annual precipitation in the period Mediterranean Europe Climate Source:

6 Precipitation Mediterranean Europe Climate Changes in frequency of very wet days in Europe Very wet days are defined as days with precipitation above 20 mm. Source:

7 Desertification Sensitivity to desertification in the northern Mediterranean Mediterranean Europe Environment SDI = Sensitivity Desertification Index Source:

8 Drought Stress Projection Mediterranean Europe Climate Projected drought stress Higher numbers indicate lower drought stress. Source:

9 Growing Season Length Observed changes in growing season length in North Europe Mediterranean Europe Environment Observed data from the International Phenological Gardens in Europe Source:

10 Biodiversity Reduction (Projection) Mediterranean Europe Environment Share of stable species in 2100, compared with 1990 Percentage of total number of species in The climate scenario used is a modest climate change scenario (global warming by 2100 is 3 C and European warming is 3.3 C). Source:

11 Soil Map Map presentation of Corine European soil database Mediterranean Europe Environment Cambisol is the most representative soil in the Mediterranean Europe area. Source:

12 Soil Erosion Mediterranean Europe Environment The map is based on The Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment model. The map shows the annual soil erosion risk by water based on estimates of annual soil loss. Source:

13 Bio-Ethanol Energy Crops Source: Venturi et al.

14 Biodiesel Energy Crops Source: Venturi et al.

15 Ligno-cellulosic crops Energy Crops Source: Venturi et al.

16 Ligno-cellulosic crops Energy Crops Biomass yields in different Italian regions Source: Cosentino et al.

17 Ligno-cellulosic crops Energy Crops Biomass yields in different Italian regions Source: Cosentino et al.

18 Ligno-cellulosic crops Energy Crops Biomass yields in different Italian regions Source: Cosentino et al.

19 Energy crops vs. a standard crop rotation sunflower - wheat Carbon sink: % (mainly in perennial crops) Energy Crops Fertilization (Phosphorus and Nitrogen): % Organic Matter increases: %. Pesticides: %. Source: Bonari et al.

20 Research Interest From Sciencedirect.com (period 2000 to present): KEYWORDS NUMBER OF ARTICLES Publications Biomass and Energy 1291 Crops and Energy 502

21 Conclusions Bioenergy crops show many environmental advantages and are, therefore, very sustainable. In Mediterranean areas, high climatic variations is associated with further projected variation due to future scenarios In this light, it is necessary to look for optimum combinations (economic, energetic and environmental) of species x cropping systems in each area

22 Thank you for the attention