Increasing Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Seeding Rate Under Weedy and Weed Free Conditions
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1 March 6 th 2017 Increasing Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Seeding Rate Under Weedy and Weed Free Conditions Cassandra Schroeder Supervisor: Lena Syrovy
2 Overview Research background Faba beans (Vicia faba) Weed control Relevance Experiment Design Results Emergence Biomass Yield Conclusion
3 Research Background Faba Beans Production SK regional yield trails began in 2006 Over acres in SK grown in 2015 Consumption High protein seed ~ 30% Human Feed Tannin Tannin Free (Fleury and Barker, 2016)
4 Research Background Faba Beans Characteristics of Vicia faba Legume N-fixation Over 200 kg/ha Even with cooler temperatures Continues fixation under higher N levels than other legumes Even with application of 200kg/ha N faba bean still derived 60% of N from the atmosphere More tolerant of wet conditions Good P scavenger High HI and WUE (Hardarson et al. 1991; Solaiman et al. 2007; Sparrow et al. 1995; Turpin et al. 2002)
5 Research Background Weed Control Weeds = Major yield losses Aprx. 50% Depending on weed species and density Other negative impacts total nitrogen fixation general plant health (Frenda et al. 2013; Strydhorst et al. 2008)
6 Research Background Weed Control Chemical Tillage Cultural Seeding rate SR weeds Effect more noticeable with higher weed pressure Cultivar choice Competitive growth characteristics (Ball et al. 1997; Townley-Smith and Wright, 1994)
7 Research Background Relevance Faba beans in sustainable farming systems Biological N-fixation fossil fuel consumption N input and diversification Organic = Weedy Seeding rate and cultivar for benign weed management Inc. SR under weedy conditions recommended for other pulses Recommendation for faba beans ~ 45 plants/m 2 (Baird et al. 2009; Ball et al. 1997; Townley-Smith and Wright, 1994)
8 Research Objective Response of two faba bean varieties to increasing seeding rate under weedy and weed free conditions Experiment at the Kernen Research Farm Summer of 2016
9 Treatment Variety Weediness Seed Rate 1 SNSS1 Weedy 20 2 SNSS1 Weed Free 20 3 SNSS1 Weedy 40 4 SNSS1 Weed Free 40 5 SNSS1 Weedy 60 6 SNSS1 Weed Free 60 7 Snowdrop Weedy 20 8 Snowdrop Weed Free 20 9 Snowdrop Weedy Snowdrop Weed Free Snowdrop Weedy Snowdrop Weed Free 60 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Rep 4 Guard Guard Guard Guard Guard Guard Guard Guard
10 Varieties CDC SSNS-1 CDC Snowdrop
11 Weediness Weedy or Weed Free Constant seed rate 200 viable seeds/m 2 Plant counts showed about 150 plants/m 2 wheat in weedy plots Wheat (Triticum aestivum) used as a model weed Clearfield allowed spraying other weeds Consistent weed pressure in weedy plots Represent grassy weed competition 10 cm 20 cm
12 Seeding Rates Viable Seeds/m 2 Based on germination tests Ensure both varieties end up with same density 60
13 Experiment Methods Standard faba bean management Sprayed June 1 st Data collection Plant density Biomass Yield Analysis - SAS
14 Emergence Results 80 Faba Bean Emergence 71% Emergence Consistent across treatments Less than target SR Need to increase SR by 1.4 to increase plant density by 1/m 2 Plant density for treatments was 13, 27 and 42 Faba bean emergence (plants/m 2 ) Seeding rate (viable seeds/m 2 )
15 Weed Free Faba Bean Biomass Results Biomass yield (g/m 2 ) Weedy 68% 860 g/m Seeding rate (viable seeds/m 2 )
16 1200 Wheat Biomass Results Biomass yield (g/m 2 ) Wheat (weed) 28% Seeding rate (viable seeds/m 2 )
17 Biomass Results 3.6 g/m 2 Biomass yield (g/m 2 ) g/m g/m Seeding rate (viable seeds/m 2 ) Weed Free faba Weedy faba Wheat
18 Weedy Weed Free
19 3000 Wheat Yield Results Seed Yield (kg/ha) Wheat (weed) 23 kg/ha 40% Seeding rate (Seeds/m 2 )
20 Seed Yield (kg/ha) Weed Free Weedy Faba Bean Yield Results 10 Kg/ha 32 Kg/ha Seeding rate (Seeds/m 2 )
21 Weed Free Faba Bean Yield Results 4000 Seed Yield (kg/ha) Weedy 28% 42% 55% Yield gap Seeding rate (Seeds/m 2 )
22 5000 Yield Results Seed Yield (kg/ha) % 58% 45% Seeding rate (Seeds/m 2 ) Weed Free faba Weedy faba Wheat
23 Weedy Faba bean at 60 SR Faba bean at 20 SR
24 Weed Free } 20 SR } 60 SR } 60 SR
25 Conclusions Variety No significant effect on biomass or yield Increasing Seeding Rate Weed decrease Biomass by 28% Seed by 40% Yield and biomass increase SR and Weediness interaction 3x benefit of SR when weedy Weediness Ave. 58% faba bean yield decrease Further research with higher seeding rates needed to determine optimum SR Seed Yield (Kg/ha) Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)
26 References Baird, J. M., Shirtliffe, S. J. and Walley, F. L. 2009a. Optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: Baird, J.M. Walley, F.L. and Shirtliffe, S.J. 2009b. Optimal seeding rate for organic production of field pea in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: Ball, D. A., Ogg Jr., A. G. and Chevalier, P. M The influence of seeding rate on weed control in small-red lentil (Lens culinaris). Weed Sci. 45: Fleury, D. and Barker B Faba Bean Variety Report 2015/16. Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. Frenda, A. S. Ruisi, P. Saia, S. Frangipane, B. Di Miceli, G. Amato, G. and Giambalvo, D The critical period of weed control in faba bean and chickpea in Mediterranean areas. Weed Science 61: Hardarson, G. Danso, S.K.A. Zapata, F. and Reichardt, K Measurements of nitrogen fixation in fababean at different N fertilizer rates using 15N isotope dilution and A-value methods. Plant Soil 131: Solaiman, Z. Colmer, T.D. Loss, S.P. Thomson, B.D. and Siddique, K.H.M Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 58: Sparrow, S. D. Cochran, V. L. and Sparrow, E. B Dinitrogen fixation by seven legume crops in Alaska. Agron. J. 87: Strydhorst, S. M. King, J. R. Lopetinsky, K. J. and Harker, K. N. 2008b. Weed interference, pulse species, and plant density effects on rotational benefits. Weed Science, 56: Townley-Smith, L. and Wright, A. T Field pea cultivar and weed response to crop seed rate in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74: Turpin, J.E. Herridge, D.F. and Robertson, M.J Nitrogen fixation and soil nitrate interactions in field-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and faba bean (Vicia faba). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53:
27 Acknowledgements Supervisor: Lena Syrovy Kernen Research Farm Staff Other helpful people: Amy Genik, Logan Pizzey, and Kyle Schroeder
28 Questions?
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