Innovations for building farming systems resilience: insights from the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland)

Transcription

1 Innovations for building farming systems resilience: insights from the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland)

2 Layout 1. Objectives 2. Methodology 2.1. Definitions 2.2. Tools used 2.3. Stratified sampling 3. Results 3.1. Resilience assessment 3.2. Low and high ranking aspects 3.3. Causes of the low resilience scores 3.4. Identified innovations 3.5. Innovation platform 1

3 1. Objectives Assess the resilience of Swiss farms from Canton de Vaud using the SHARP tool developped by the FAO and adapted to Switzerland. Identify and spread solutions/innovations to build resilience at a farm level. 1

4 2.1 Methodology: conceptual framework Climatic hazards Governance Agricultural practices Environment Socio-economic hazards Economy Social FARMING SYSTEM 2

5 Methodology Cadre définition du projet in two main phases PHASE / pilot PHASE 2 Canton level Juin 2017 / March 2018 Adaptation of the SHARP tool Assessment: Data collection => 100 farms Pilot testing with 25 farms Resilience building Final data analysis: March/April Claire Durand, Ulysse Le Goff 3

6 2.2 Methodology: tools used Stratified sampling using R-studio K-means clustering SHARP tool to assess resilience Self-evaluation and Holistic Assessment of climate Resilience of farmers and Pastoralists Group workshops To identify causes to low resilience and innovations to build resilience

7 2.2 Tools used: SHARP, the 13 behaviour-based indicators Socially selforganised Ecologically selfregulated Appropriately connected Functional and response diversity Optimally redundant Spatial and temporal heterogeneity Exposed to disturbance Coupled with local natural capital Reflective and shared learning Globally autonomous and locally interdependant Honours legacy Builds human capital Reasonably profitable 7

8 First Stratified results sampling on 20 farming systems Data used: Variable aggregation (150 -> 20) Based on the technical and economic similarities of different crops and animals on the farming system and their importance at a cantonal level Variables considered: 14 surface variables and 6 animal variables 9

9 Legend: 2.3 Sampling: example with farming system 5 (218 farms) Permanent pastures and bovine cattle Physical distribution in the Canton Average surfaces and cattle ~55 ha ~40 ha permanent pastures Percentage of farms from the commune ~10 ha summer pastures ~15 UGB No-dairy cattle Bio: 18% Dairy cows

10 Légende : 2.3 Sampling: example with farming system 7 (190 farms) Large cereal and beetroot growers Average surfaces and cattle Physical distribution in the Canton ~20 ha cereals ~60 ha ~10 ha beetroot ~10 ha oil and protein crops Share of farms in the commune ~10 ha permanent pastures ~25 UGB Non-dairy cattle Bio: aucune exploitation Dairy cattle

11 2.3 Sampling: distribution of the farms surveyed 84 farms seen through workshops + 16 individual data collections = 100 participants. Distribution among the farming systems Spatial distribution among the communes 13

12 3. Results earth.google.com 8

13 3.2 Three indicators with high resilience scores Socially selforganised Ecologically selfregulated Appropriately connected Functional and response diversity Optimally redundant Spatial and temporal heterogeneity Exposed to disturbance Coupled with local natural capital Reflective and shared learning Globally autonomous and locally interdependant Honours legacy Builds human capital Reasonably profitable 15

14 3.2 Five indicators with low resilience scores Socially selforganised Ecologically selfregulated Appropriately connected Functional and response diversity Optimally redundant Spatial and temporal heterogeneity Exposed to disturbance Coupled with local natural capital Reflective and shared learning Globally autonomous and locally interdependant Honours legacy Builds human capital Reasonably profitable 16

15 3.3 Causes to low resilience scores Too strict, numerous and fluctuating sets of norms. A lack of support towards innovative practices in the long term: some ideas are not carried out by fear of policy change or insufficient support. A lack of knowledge and training in selling, marketing and contract negotiation, although these are necessary skills to launch innovative and resilient sales channels. 17

16 3.3 Causes to low resilience scores(2) Lack of practical knowledge and experience on innovative practices. e.g.: Cover crops are considered interesting but too little economic and agronomic knowledge on this topic limits their implementation. High dependence on a few input sellers and output buyers. A high dependence on subsidies which is often considered the main driver of farmers decisions (by the farmers). 18

17 3.4 Identified innovations 2 Information access 1 Group membership Social 3 Agricultural practices 11 3 Pest management 2 Crop and cattle losses 1 Agroforestry 1 Cover crops 1 Farm records keeping 7 Market access - selling 3 Selling prices 3 Diret selling Economy 14 Environment 10 4 Water conservation 4 Energy conservation 2 Soil quality management 1 Weed control 19

18 3.5 An innovation platform? Internet platform idea Examples of videos: Topic: Pest management E.g. Fighting pests in beetroot fields: Innovation - Seeding three different varieties to mitigate risks and ensure a minimum yield and quality Thematic videos Topic: Energy conservation E.g. Developping solar energy Innovation Planned and financed investment in solar panels in Pays d Enhaut on 170 m². 20