Cassava. Rationale - AMF + AMF - AMF + AMF

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1 technology to enhance rock phosphate use efficiency and crop production of Institutions University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako Embrapa Milho e Sorgo

2 Team members

3 Rationale The majority of the terrestrial plants establish symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi + AMF - AMF - AMF + AMF Cassava

4 Sorghum bicolor BR007B - AMF + AMF

5 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are biotrophic obrigatory organisms and require compatible plant roots to grow and reproduce Asseptic inoculum production using root cultures

6 Requirements for substrate-based AM fungi inoculum production system 1. Good quality pathogen free substrate 2. AM symbiotic host plant 3. AM fungi propagules obtained from: Germplasm collections Trap cultures from healthy productive systems

7 Substrate-based system for production of AM fungi inoculum IJDO et al 2011

8 Substrate solorization for AM fungi On Farm inoculum production Embrapa Meio Ambiente technology

9 Objectives To promote the On-farm production of AM-fungi inoculum by farmers together with rock phosphate fertilization and phosphate-solubilizing microbes (i) select sites and smallholder groups interested in the project; (ii) organize training and capacity building programs based on the needs of the selected group members; (iii) Select a set of AMF strains suitable for farmed crop demands; (iv) establish demonstrative unities of On-Farm production of AMF inoculum; (v) Introduce the On-farm AM-fungi inoculum production technology into stallholder crop production systems; (vi) disseminate the technology into smallholder communities; Brazilian Partner goal include: - Receiving and training students and researchers on On-Farm production of AMF inoculum, - Training on basic and applied techniques of AMF research; Establishing demonstrative unities of On-Farm production of AMF inoculum; - Publishing practical manual - AM fungi technology for small farms.

10 Expected x Achieved Results (i) train at least 500 farmers in the On-farm production of AM fungi inoculum production technology OK (ii) produce publication of extensive material to help farms to handle the technology and produce publication of Practical Manual on AM fungi technology for small farms. Underway (iii) The project will engage 1 master student and his research results will be reported as Master thesis. +/- OK (iv) By promoting AMF production and use by smallholder farmers, this project will improve crop production while diminishing fertilizer expensive thus alleviating smallholder poverty in Africa. OK

11 Impacts (i) Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spores isolation and purification; (ii) effective AM-fungi multiplication in an inoculum production unit; (iii) On-farm AM-Fungi inoculum production techniques. National Agricultural Research Institute (IER) and the Association of Farmers Organization were involved in the project implementation. The key results included the following: i) isolation and identification of AM-fungi in Malian soils showing a poor diversity of soils in AM fungi; ii) significant increments in grain yield resulting from inoculation of maize seed with AM-Fungi inoculum produce on-farm; iii) identification of AM fungi * O19 strain combination contributing to the highest grain yield increment in maize, with an increase in seed quantity to over 800 Kg. vii) Enhancing capacity of key maize stakeholders

12 Impacts On Farm AMF inoculum production were achieved during the project implementation. The solar panel system for soil/substrate disinfection provide a low-cost pathogen free material for inoculum production, which can be supplemented with rock phosphate and available sources of organic materials for substrate production such as carbonized rice husk (abundant in Mali) and other required nutrients.

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16 Implementation of the On Farm mycorrhizal inoculum production unit in Mali

17 Maize Field Trial in Mali

18 Lettuce seedling and field production at Vapabuçu Community Garden, Sete Lagoas, MG - Brazil

19 Growth response of Lettuce cv. Tainá to AM fungi inoculation at seedling stage (A) and field harvest (B). (A) Nurcery phase - 35 days old Left numbe r Root colonization rate (%) Heigthlt Fresh Dry weigth Tratamentos (cm) weigth (g) (g) CONTROLE 4,2 a 6,5 a 0,8 a 0,06 a 0,0 a EM 4,2 a 6,8 ab 0,8 a 0,07 a 0,0 a ON FARM 4,5 a 8,0 abc 1,5 c 0,13 b 34,2 c Rhizoglomus sp 3,7 a 8,7 c 1,3 bc 0,11 ab 29,2 bc ON FARM + EM 3,8 a 7,5 abc 1,2 abc 0,10 ab 30,7 bc Rhizoglomus sp + EM 4,0 a 8,5 bc 1,3 c 0,11 ab 22,5 b (B) Field Harvest 45 days CONTROLE 14,8 a 99,90 a 5,13 a 1,3 a EM 17,3 a 81,96 a 4,62 a 5,2 a ON FARM 15,8 a 84,70 a 4,42 a 36,3 c Rhizoglomus sp 15,7 a 130,41 a 5,80 a 20,8 b ON FARM + EM 16,6 a 94,02 a 4,75 a 29,0 bc Rhizoglomus sp + EM 17,4 a 106,91 a 5,26 a 25,3 b

20 Lessons Learned and Bottlenecks Communication was the main bottleneck The project outcomes would be improved if we could intensify the training periods in Brazil and in the African country.

21 Next Steps Hamandou Amadou Dicko application for TWAS postdoctoral fellowship position to work at Embrapa Publication of the Manual for On Farm AMF Inoculum production for Mali Publications de Souza, F. A.; Schlemper, T. R. ; Stürmer, S. L. A importância da tecnologia de inoculação de fungos micorrízicos para a sustentabilidade na olericultura. Texto para Discussão (Brasília. 1998), v. 47, p , Martins, A.P.B. Inoculação de microorganismos promotores de crescimento em alface. Trabalho Conclusão Curso. UFSJ. 42p. Sete Lagoas (MG), Martins, A.P. B. et al. Inoculação de Microrganismos Eficientes (EM) e Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (FMA) em alface: um trabalho de campo conduzido na horta comunitária (HC) Vapabuçu, município de Sete Lagoas- MG. Resumo Expandido, CBA, Brasília, 2017 Aceito.